Simultaneous determination and speciation analysis of arsenic and chromium in iron supplements used for iron-deficiency anemia treatment by HPLC-ICP-MS

This work proposes the use of high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for simultaneous speciation of arsenic and chromium in iron supplements used for the treatment of anemia. The sample preparation procedure recommended for the total determination of arsenic and chromium was established using acid digestion in a microwave assisted oven. For speciation analysis, however, the microwave-assisted extraction procedure involved the use of water as extraction solvent at 90°C for 30min. The chromatographic separation was performed using a mobile phase containing 1.0mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), 0.7mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 5% methanol at pH 7.2. Helium was used in the collision cell for elimination of the interferences. Under optimized conditions, the separation and detection of the As(III), As(V), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species can be performed in 5min, permitting their quantification with the external calibration technique with standards prepared in the mobile phase. The limits of quantification obtained were 0.008, 0.010, 0.5 and 0.14µgg^-1, for As(III), As(V), Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated and confirmed by addition/recovery tests. The recoveries obtained varied from 81% to 110%. The proposed method was applied to the speciation analysis of arsenic and chromium in commercially available iron supplements acquired in several cities in Brazil and Spain. The content of the species ranged from 0.01 to 1.3µgg^-1 for arsenic, and from 0.4 to 61.2µgg^-1 for chromium.

Spectral normalisation by error minimisation for prediction of conversion in solvent-free catalytic chain transfer polymerisations

This work provides a robust method to determine spectral normalization points in reactions with no known constant responses.