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Hornum M, Kongsted J, Reinholdt P. Computational and photophysical characterization of a Laurdan malononitrile derivative. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9139-9146. [PMID: 33885105 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00831e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The malononitrile group is considered one of the strongest natural electron-withdrawing groups in a chemist's arsenal. However, surprisingly little is known about how this group functions in push-pull fluorophores. In a recent computational study, we reported that replacing the ketone group of the traditional push-pull dye Laurdan with a malononitrile group significantly improves the optical properties while retaining the membrane behavior of the parent molecule Laurdan. Motivated by these results, we report here the synthesis and photophysical characterization of the said compound, 6-(1-undecyl-2,2-dicyanovinyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-naphthylamine (CN-Laurdan). To our surprise, this new CN-Laurdan probe is found to be much less bright than the parent Laurdan due to a large drop in the fluorescence quantum yield. Using computational methods, we determine that the origin of this low quantum yield is related to the existence of a non-radiative decay pathway related to a rotation of the malononitrile moiety, suggesting that the molecule could nonetheless function very well as a molecular rotor. We confirm experimentally that CN-Laurdan functions as a molecular rotor by measuring the quantum yield in methanol/glycerol mixtures of increasing viscosity. Specifically, we found a consistent increase in the quantum yield across the entire range of tested viscosities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Hornum
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark.
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2
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Kofod CS, Prioli S, Hornum M, Kongsted J, Reinholdt P. Computational Characterization of Novel Malononitrile Variants of Laurdan with Improved Photophysical Properties for Sensing in Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9526-9534. [PMID: 33074683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are powerful tools for improving our understanding of cellular membranes and other complex biological environments. Using simulations, we gain atomistic and electronic insights into the effectiveness of the probes. In the current work, we have used various computational approaches to comprehensively investigate the properties of the fluorescent probe Laurdan and two Laurdan-like probes: AADAL and ECL. In addition, we propose the development of their corresponding novel malononitrile variants, which are computationally characterized herein. For the candidate probes, electronic structure calculations were used to rationalize their optical properties, including their ability for two-photon activation, and molecular dynamics simulations were used to unravel atomistic details of their functioning within lipid bilayers. While Laurdan, AADAL, and ECL were found to have very similar optical and membrane partitioning profiles, their malononitrile variants were found to show significantly improved optical properties, especially in regard to two-photon cross sections, and they appear to retain the desired membrane characteristics of the parent Laurdan molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Søderlund Kofod
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Prioli
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mick Hornum
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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3
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Bompard J, Rosso A, Brizuela L, Mebarek S, Blum LJ, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Lollo G, Granjon T, Girard-Egrot A, Maniti O. Membrane Fluidity as a New Means to Selectively Target Cancer Cells with Fusogenic Lipid Carriers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5134-5144. [PMID: 32338922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based carriers such as liposomes represent one of the most advanced classes of drug delivery systems. Their clinical success relies on their composition, similar to that of the cell membrane. Their cellular specificity often relies on a ligand-receptor interaction. Although differences in the physicochemical properties of the cell membrane between tumor and nontumor cells have been reported, they are not systematically used for drug delivery purposes. In this report, a new approach was developed to ensure selective targeting based on physical compatibility between the target and the carrier membranes. By modulating the liposome composition and thus its membrane fluidity, we achieved selective targeting on four cancer cell lines of varying aggressiveness. Furthermore, using membrane-embedded and inner core-encapsulated fluorophores, we assessed the mechanism of this interaction to be based on the fusion of the liposome with the cell membranes. Membrane fluidity is therefore a major parameter to be considered when designing lipid drug carriers as a promising, lower cost alternative to current targeting strategies based on covalent grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bompard
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Annalisa Rosso
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie PharmaceutiqueLAGEPP UMR 5007, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Saïda Mebarek
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Loïc J Blum
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ana-Maria Trunfio-Sfarghiu
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et Structures, LaMCoS UMR 5259, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Giovanna Lollo
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie PharmaceutiqueLAGEPP UMR 5007, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Granjon
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Girard-Egrot
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ofelia Maniti
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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4
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Viitala L, Pajari S, Gentile L, Määttä J, Gubitosi M, Deska J, Sammalkorpi M, Olsson U, Murtomäki L. Shape and Phase Transitions in a PEGylated Phospholipid System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3999-4010. [PMID: 30789270 PMCID: PMC6727609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers and PEG-conjugated lipids are widely used in bioengineering and drug transport applications. A PEG layer in a drug carrier increases hydrophilic repulsion, inhibits membrane fusion and serum opsonin interactions, and prolongs the storage and circulation time. It can also change the carrier shape and have an influence on many properties related to the content release of the carrier. In this paper, we focus on the physicochemical effects of PEGylation in the lipid bilayer. We introduce laurdanC as a fluorophore for shape recognition and phase transition detection. Together with laurdanC, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, molecular dynamics simulations, and small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering, we acquire information of the particle/bilayer morphology and phase behavior in systems containing 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1,2-distearoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-PEG(2000) with different fractions. We find that PEGylation leads to two important and potentially usable features of the system. (1) Spherical vesicles present a window of elevated chain-melting temperatures and (2) lipid packing shape-controlled liposome-to-bicelle transition. The first finding is significant for targets requiring multiple release sequences and the second enables tuning the release by composition and the PEG polymer length. Besides drug delivery systems, the findings can be used in other smart soft materials with trigger-polymers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Viitala
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Saija Pajari
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Biology, MEMEG Unit, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- PRPDepartment
of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jukka Määttä
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Marta Gubitosi
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Deska
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lasse Murtomäki
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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5
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Chadli M, Rebaud S, Maniti O, Tillier B, Cortès S, Girard-Egrot A. New Tethered Phospholipid Bilayers Integrating Functional G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Membrane Proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10385-10401. [PMID: 28877444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins exhibiting extra- and intracellular domains require an adequate near-native lipid platform for their functional reconstitution. With this aim, we developed a new technology enabling the formation of a peptide-tethered bilayer lipid membrane (pep-tBLM), a lipid bilayer grafted onto peptide spacers, by way of a metal-chelate interaction. To this end, we designed an original peptide spacer derived from the natural α-laminin thiopeptide (P19) possessing a cysteine residue in the N-terminal extremity for grafting onto gold and a C-terminal extremity modified by four histidine residues (P19-4H). In the presence of nickel, the use of this anchor allowed us to bind liposomes of variable compositions containing a 2% molar ratio of a chelating lipid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[(N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid)succinyl] so-called DOGS-NTA, and to form the planar bilayer by triggering liposome fusion by an α-helical (AH) peptide derived from the N-terminus of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein. The formation of pep-tBLMs was characterized by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), and their continuity, fluidity, and homogeneity were demonstrated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), with a diffusion coefficient of 2.5 × 10-7 cm2/s, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). By using variable lipid compositions including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidic acid (PA), and cholesterol (Chol) in various ratios, we show that the membrane can be formed independently from the lipid composition. We made the most of this advantage to reincorporate a transmembrane protein in an adapted complex lipid composition to ensure its functional reinsertion. For this purpose, a cell-free expression system was used to produce proteoliposomes expressing the functional C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a seven-transmembrane protein belonging to the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We succeeded in reinserting CXCR4 in pep-tBLMs formed on P19-4H by the fusion of tethered proteoliposomes. AFM and FRAP characterization allowed us to show that pep-tBLMs inserting CXCR4 remained fluid, homogeneous, and continuous. The value of the diffusion coefficient determined in the presence of reinserted CXCR4 was 2 × 10-7 cm2/s. Ligand binding assays using a synthetic CXCR4 antagonist, T22 ([Tyr5,12, Lys7]-polyphemusin II), revealed that CXCR4 can be reinserted in pep-tBLMs with functional folding and orientation. This new approach represents a method of choice for investigating membrane protein reincorporation and a promising way of creating a new generation of membrane biochips adapted for screening agonists or antagonists of transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Chadli
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Synthelis, Biopolis, 5, Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Samuel Rebaud
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ofelia Maniti
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bruno Tillier
- Synthelis, Biopolis, 5, Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sandra Cortès
- Synthelis, Biopolis, 5, Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Agnès Girard-Egrot
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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6
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Safir Filho M, Fiorucci S, Martin AR, Benhida R. Design, synthesis and photophysical studies of styryl-based push–pull fluorophores with remarkable solvatofluorochromism. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A library of 20 styryl-based push–pull dyes derived from 6-amino substituted benzothiazoles were prepared by an efficient and practical synthetic route from low-cost starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Safir Filho
- Université Côte d'Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Sebastien Fiorucci
- Université Côte d'Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Anthony R. Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
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7
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Osella S, Murugan NA, Jena NK, Knippenberg S. Investigation into Biological Environments through (Non)linear Optics: A Multiscale Study of Laurdan Derivatives. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:6169-6181. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Osella
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Arul Murugan
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naresh K. Jena
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Knippenberg
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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