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Beck PS, Leitão AG, Santana YB, Correa JR, Rodrigues CVS, Machado DFS, Matos GDR, Ramos LM, Gatto CC, Oliveira SCC, Andrade CKZ, Neto BAD. Revisiting Biginelli-like reactions: solvent effects, mechanisms, biological applications and correction of several literature reports. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3630-3651. [PMID: 38652003 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study critically reevaluates reported Biginelli-like reactions using a Kamlet-Abboud-Taft-based solvent effect model. Surprisingly, structural misassignments were discovered in certain multicomponent reactions, leading to the identification of pseudo three-component derivatives instead of the expected MCR adducts. Attempts to replicate literature conditions failed, prompting reconsideration of the described MCRs and proposed mechanisms. Electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry, NMR, melting points, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray analysis exposed inaccuracies in reported MCRs and allowed for the proposition of a complete catalytic cycle. Biological investigations using both pure and "contaminated" derivatives revealed distinctive features in assessed bioassays. A new cellular action mechanism was unveiled for a one obtained pseudo three-component adduct, suggesting similarity with the known dihydropyrimidinone Monastrol as Eg5 inhibitors, disrupting mitosis by forming monoastral mitotic spindles. Docking studies and RMSD analyses supported this hypothesis. The findings described herein underscore the necessity for a critical reexamination and potential corrections of structural assignments in several reports. This work emphasizes the significance of rigorous characterization and critical evaluation in synthetic chemistry, urging a careful reassessment of reported synthesis and biological activities associated with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S Beck
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Arthur G Leitão
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Yasmin B Santana
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - José R Correa
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Carime V S Rodrigues
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F S Machado
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme D R Matos
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana M Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Anápolis, Goiás, 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Gatto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Sarah C C Oliveira
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Allelopathy, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Z Andrade
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Yao DR, Kim I, Yin S, Gao W. Multimodal Soft Robotic Actuation and Locomotion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308829. [PMID: 38305065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Diverse and adaptable modes of complex motion observed at different scales in living creatures are challenging to reproduce in robotic systems. Achieving dexterous movement in conventional robots can be difficult due to the many limitations of applying rigid materials. Robots based on soft materials are inherently deformable, compliant, adaptable, and adjustable, making soft robotics conducive to creating machines with complicated actuation and motion gaits. This review examines the mechanisms and modalities of actuation deformation in materials that respond to various stimuli. Then, strategies based on composite materials are considered to build toward actuators that combine multiple actuation modes for sophisticated movements. Examples across literature illustrate the development of soft actuators as free-moving, entirely soft-bodied robots with multiple locomotion gaits via careful manipulation of external stimuli. The review further highlights how the application of soft functional materials into robots with rigid components further enhances their locomotive abilities. Finally, taking advantage of the shape-morphing properties of soft materials, reconfigurable soft robots have shown the capacity for adaptive gaits that enable transition across environments with different locomotive modes for optimal efficiency. Overall, soft materials enable varied multimodal motion in actuators and robots, positioning soft robotics to make real-world applications for intricate and challenging tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson R Yao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Inho Kim
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Shukun Yin
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Zhang Z, Zhao R, Wang S, Meng J. Recent advances in bio-inspired ionic liquid-based interfacial materials from preparation to application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1117944. [PMID: 36741752 PMCID: PMC9892770 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural creatures always display unique and charming functions, such as the adhesion of mussels and the lubrication of Nepenthes, to maintain their life activities. Bio-inspired interfacial materials infused with liquid, especially for ionic liquids (ILs), have been designed and prepared to meet the emerging and rising needs of human beings. In this review, we first summarize the recent development of bio-inspired IL-based interfacial materials (BILIMs), ranging from the synthesis strategy to the design principle. Then, we discuss the advanced applications of BILIMs from anti-adhesive aspects (e.g., anti-biofouling, anti-liquid fouling, and anti-solid fouling) to adhesive aspects (e.g., biological sensor, adhesive tape, and wound dressing). Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of BILIMs are provided to feed the actual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Casfuture Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Jingxin Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Casfuture Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, China
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Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Mixture of Triazolium Ionic Liquids and Propylene Carbonate. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060370. [PMID: 35735714 PMCID: PMC9223006 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the structural influence of 1,2,4-triazolium ionic liquid (IL), that is, the effect of the length of the substituent and the type of substitution (1-methyl-4-alkyl or 1-alkyl-4-methyl) used in the mixture with propylene carbonate (PC) on the properties of thiol–ene polymer ionogels and on the preparation of an ionogel with satisfactory mechanical and conductive properties. PC allows for higher conductivity but also causes electrolyte leakage from the gel. When using triazolium IL (instead of the imidazolium one), because of the stronger interactions between components of the system, the ionogels do not leak. In this study, 1,4-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolium ILs were successfully synthesized by the alkylation of 1,2,4-triazole. Subsequently, gel polymer electrolytes were obtained by one-pot thiol–ene photopolymerization reactions of tetrafunctional thiols with different chemical structures: pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) or pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptobutyrate) (PETMB) and trifunctional ene (TATT) in the presence of a mixture of 1,4-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolium IL with PC. Measurements made by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that all ionogels with TATT+PETMB as a polymer matrix presented smaller relative ionic conductivity compared to ionogels containing TATT+PETMP. The puncture resistance and elongation at puncture, measured by the puncture resistance method, were higher for ionogels with poly(TATT+PETMB) than for those with poly(TATT+PETMP). Moreover, ILs containing a methyl group in position N1 of the 1,2,4-triazole ring presented lower puncture resistance than ionogels with ILs containing a methyl group in position N4, especially for shorter alkyl chains. Additionally, the photo-differential scanning calorimetry method was employed to characterize the course of photopolymerization. The compositions and their constituents were characterized by UV and IR spectroscopy.
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Mohaman H, Tuncer D, Degirmenci I. Thiol‐Ene Polymerization of Natural Monomers: A DFT Study. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamissou Mohaman
- Chemical Engineering Department Ondokuz Mayıs University Samsun 55139 Turkey
- CEISAM Laboratory Nantes University Nantes 44300 France
| | - Dilan Tuncer
- Chemical Engineering Department Ondokuz Mayıs University Samsun 55139 Turkey
| | - Isa Degirmenci
- Chemical Engineering Department Ondokuz Mayıs University Samsun 55139 Turkey
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DEGİRMENCİ İ. Role of Initiator Structure on Thiol-Ene Polymerization: A Comprehensive Theoretical Study. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lewandowska A, Gajewski P, Szcześniak K, Fojud Z, Robakowska M, Skrzypczak A, Voelkel A, Marcinkowska A. Thiol-ene ionogels based on polymerizable imidazolium ionic liquid. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01726h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of polymerizable ionic liquids (PILs) and the synthesis of ionogels by thiol-ene photopolymerization. A series of gemini imidazolium-based bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide polymerizable ionic liquids with...
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Schwartz JJ, Porcincula D, Cook C, Fong EJ, Shusteff M. Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are stimuli responsive materials with programmable recovery from a deformed state. SMP behavior is often impacted by manufacturing features like layering that can impart anisotropic responses....
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Abstract
In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living systems. These properties make them particularly promising for different applications, including soft electronics, surgery, drug delivery, artificial organs, or prosthesis. The additional degree of freedom for soft actuatoric devices can be provided through the use of intelligent materials, which are able to change their structure, macroscopic properties, and shape under the influence of external signals. The use of such intelligent materials allows a substantial reduction of a device's size, which enables a number of applications that cannot be realized by externally powered systems. This review aims to provide an overview of the properties of intelligent synthetic and living/natural materials used for the fabrication of soft robotic devices. We discuss basic physical/chemical properties of the main kinds of materials (elastomers, gels, shape memory polymers and gels, liquid crystalline elastomers, semicrystalline ferroelectric polymers, gels and hydrogels, other swelling polymers, materials with volume change during melting/crystallization, materials with tunable mechanical properties, and living and naturally derived materials), how they are related to actuation and soft robotic application, and effects of micro/macro structures on shape transformation, fabrication methods, and we highlight selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Apsite
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, Center of Energy Technology und Materials Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Lewandowska A, Gajewski P, Szcześniak K, Marcinkowska A. The Influence of Monomer Structure on the Properties of Ionogels Obtained by Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040214. [PMID: 34842682 PMCID: PMC8628749 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of ene and thiol monomer structure on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of thiol-ene polymeric ionogels were investigated. Ionogels were obtained in situ by thiol-ene photopolymerization of 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATT), 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine (TAT), diallyl phthalate (DAP), and glyoxal bis(diallyl acetal) (GBDA) used as enes and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPTP), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutyrate) (PETMB) used as thiols in 70 wt.% of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMImNTf2). The mechanical strength of ionogels was studied by puncture resistance and ionic conductivity by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The course of photopolymerization by photo-DSC method (differential scanning calorimetry) as well as characterization of compositions and its components (by IR and UV spectroscopy-Kamlet-Taft parameters) were also studied. The resulting ionogels were opaque, with phase separation, which resulted from the dispersion mechanism of polymerization. The mechanical and conductive properties of the obtained materials were found to be largely dependent on the monomer structure. Ionogels based on triazine monomers TAT and TATT were characterized by higher mechanical strength, while those based on aliphatic GBDA had the highest conductivity. These parameters are strongly related to the structure of the polymer matrix, which is in the form of connected spheres. The conductivity of ionogels was high, in the range of 3.5-5.1 mS∙cm-1.
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11
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Degirmenci I. Effect of Initiator Structure on Thiol‐Ene Polymerization: A DFT Study. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isa Degirmenci
- Chemical Engineering Department Ondokuz Mayıs University Samsun 55139 Turkey
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12
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Ionogels Obtained by Thiol-ene Photopolymerization-Physicochemical Characterization and Application in Electrochemical Capacitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030758. [PMID: 33540557 PMCID: PMC7867143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible ionogels with good mechanical properties were obtained in situ by thiol-ene photopolymerization of trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPTP) and 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATT) (with C=C: SH ratio 1:1) in four imidazolium ionic liquids (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide—EMImNTf2, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate-EMImOTf, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-BMImNTf2, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate—BMImOTf) used in the range 50 to 70 wt.%. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of obtained ionogels were examined. Ionogels with ionic liquids (ILs) with NTf2− anion are more puncture resistant than with OTf− anion. Moreover, ionogels with the NTF2− anion have better electrochemical properties than those with the OTf− anion. Although it should be noted that ionogels with the EMIm+ cation have a higher conductivity than the BMIm+. This is connected with intermolecular interactions between polymer matrix and IL related to the polarity of IL described by the Kamlet-Taft parameters. These parameters influence the morphology of the polymer matrix (as shown by the SEM micrograph), which is formed by interconnected polymer spheres.
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Modification of Thiol-Ene Ionogels with Octakis(methacryloxypropyl) Silsesquioxane. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030385. [PMID: 33530591 PMCID: PMC7865288 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) on the synthesis and properties of hybrid organic–inorganic ionogels was investigated using octakis(methacryloxypropyl) silsesquioxane (methacryl-POSS). Ionogels were prepared in situ by thiol-ene photopolymerization of triallyl isocyanurate with pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) in a mixture of imidazolium ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMImNTf2) and propylene carbonate (PC). Investigations included the kinetics of hybrid materials formation and selected physical and mechanical properties. The disadvantage of ionogels without the methacryl-POSS modifier is leakage and insufficient mechanical properties. Modifying the thiol-ene matrix by the addition of methacryl-POSS made it possible to obtain non-leaking ionogels with improved mechanical and conductive properties. The steric hindrance of POSS cages and high-density network formation played important roles in ionogel synthesis: decrease of polymerization rate (with almost no effect on conversion), as well as dimensions of the formed polymer spheres during dispersion polymerization (highly cross-linked polymer has poorer solubility in polymerizing medium at a similar conversion, and nucleation begins at lower conversion), an increase of glass transition temperature and puncture strength. Hybrid ionogels with high ionic conductivity in the range of 4.0–5.1 mS∙cm−1 with the maximum parameter for 1.5 wt.% addition of the methacryl-POSS were obtained, which can be associated with ion-pair dissociations in ionic liquid clusters caused by methacryl-POSS.
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Uchiyama M, Osumi M, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Thiol‐Ene Cationic and Radical Reactions: Cyclization, Step‐Growth, and Concurrent Polymerizations for Thioacetal and Thioether Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Masahiro Osumi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-H120 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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Uchiyama M, Osumi M, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Thiol-Ene Cationic and Radical Reactions: Cyclization, Step-Growth, and Concurrent Polymerizations for Thioacetal and Thioether Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6832-6838. [PMID: 32040266 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-ene cationic and radical reactions were conducted for 1:1 addition between a thiol and vinyl ether, and also for cyclization and step-growth polymerization between a dithiol and divinyl ether. p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) induced a cationic thiol-ene reaction to generate a thioacetal in high yield, whereas 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile resulted in a radical thiol-ene reaction to give a thioether, also in high yield. The cationic and radical addition reactions between a dithiol and divinyl ether with oxyethylene units yielded amorphous poly(thioacetal)s and crystalline poly(thioether)s, respectively. Under high-dilution conditions, the cationic and radical reactions resulted in 16- and 18-membered cyclic thioacetal and thioether products, respectively. Furthermore, concurrent cationic and radical step-growth polymerizations were realized using PTSA under UV irradiation to produce polymers having both thioacetal and thioether linkages in the main chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osumi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H120 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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Munar I, Fındık V, Degirmenci I, Aviyente V. Solvent Effects on Thiol–Ene Kinetics and Reactivity of Carbon and Sulfur Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2580-2590. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Munar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Fındık
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isa Degirmenci
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Fiedler-Higgins CI, Cox LM, DelRio FW, Killgore JP. Monitoring Fast, Voxel-Scale Cure Kinetics via Sample-Coupled-Resonance Photorheology. SMALL METHODS 2019; 3:1800275. [PMID: 31289746 PMCID: PMC6615886 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photopolymerizable materials are the focus of extensive research across a variety of fields ranging from additive manufacturing to regenerative medicine. However, poorly understood material mechanical and rheological properties during polymerization at the relevant exposure powers and single-voxel length-scales limit advancements in part performance and throughput. Here, a novel atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique, sample-coupled-resonance photorheology (SCRPR), to locally characterize the mechano-rheological properties of photopolymerized materials on the relevant reaction kinetic timescales, is demonstrated. By coupling an AFM tip to a photopolymer and exposing the coupled region to a laser, two fundamental photopolymerization phenomena: (1) timescales of photopolymerization at high laser power and (2) reciprocity between photodose and material properties are studied. The ability to capture rapid kinetic changes occurring during polymerization with SCRPR is demonstrated. It is found that reciprocity is only valid for a finite range of exposure powers in the verification material and polymerization is highly localized in a low-diffusion system. After polymerization, in situ imaging of a single polymerized voxel is performed using material-appropriate topographic and nanomechanical modalities of the AFM while still in the as-printed environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie I Fiedler-Higgins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Lewis M Cox
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Frank W DelRio
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Jason P Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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19
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Marcinkowska A, Zgrzeba A, Lota G, Kopczyński K, Andrzejewska E. Ionogels by thiol-ene photopolymerization in ionic liquids: Formation, morphology and properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Ahmed K, Naga N, Kawakami M, Furukawa H. Extremely Soft, Conductive, and Transparent Ionic Gels by 3D Optical Printing. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Ahmed
- Soft and Wet Matter Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992–8510 Japan
| | - Naofumi Naga
- Soft and Wet Matter Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992–8510 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology 3‐7‐5 Toyosu Koto‐Ku Tokyo 135–8548 Japan
| | - Masaru Kawakami
- Soft and Wet Matter Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992–8510 Japan
- Life‐3D Printing Innovation Center Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992–8510 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Furukawa
- Soft and Wet Matter Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992–8510 Japan
- Life‐3D Printing Innovation Center Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992–8510 Japan
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21
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Tibbits AC, Yan YS, Kloxin CJ. Covalent Incorporation of Ionic Liquid into Ion‐Conductive Networks via Thiol–Ene Photopolymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28470841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Tibbits
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Yushan S. Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Christopher J. Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Andrzejewska
- Poznan University of Technology; Faculty of Chemical Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
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23
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Schier JES, Hutchinson RA. The influence of hydrogen bonding on radical chain-growth parameters for butyl methacrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate solution copolymerization. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00834h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed laser polymerizations coupled with size exclusion chromatography (PLP-SEC) and NMR analyses were performed to determine radical kinetic parameters for BMA/HEA, with a focus on the effect of solvent choice and H-bonding on both copolymer composition and copolymer-averaged propagation rate coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E. S. Schier
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- K7L 3N6 Kingston
- Canada
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