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Sharma SK, Grewal HS. Tribological Behavior of Bioinspired Surfaces. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010062. [PMID: 36810393 PMCID: PMC9944884 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy losses due to various tribological phenomena pose a significant challenge to sustainable development. These energy losses also contribute toward increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Various attempts have been made to reduce energy consumption through the use of various surface engineering solutions. The bioinspired surfaces can provide a sustainable solution to address these tribological challenges by minimizing friction and wear. The current study majorly focuses on the recent advancements in the tribological behavior of bioinspired surfaces and bio-inspired materials. The miniaturization of technological devices has increased the need to understand micro- and nano-scale tribological behavior, which could significantly reduce energy wastage and material degradation. Integrating advanced research methods is crucial in developing new aspects of structures and characteristics of biological materials. Depending upon the interaction of the species with the surrounding, the present study is divided into segments depicting the tribological behavior of the biological surfaces inspired by animals and plants. The mimicking of bio-inspired surfaces resulted in significant noise, friction, and drag reduction, promoting the development of anti-wear and anti-adhesion surfaces. Along with the reduction in friction through the bioinspired surface, a few studies providing evidence for the enhancement in the frictional properties were also depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Sharma
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Singh Grewal
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhai W, Bai L, Zhou R, Fan X, Kang G, Liu Y, Zhou K. Recent Progress on Wear-Resistant Materials: Designs, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003739. [PMID: 34105292 PMCID: PMC8188226 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There has been tremendous interest in the development of different innovative wear-resistant materials, which can help to reduce energy losses resulted from friction and wear by ≈40% over the next 10-15 years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on designs, properties, and applications of wear-resistant materials, starting with an introduction of various advanced technologies for the fabrication of wear-resistant materials and anti-wear structures with their wear mechanisms. Typical strategies of surface engineering and matrix strengthening for the development of wear-resistant materials are then analyzed, focusing on the development of coatings, surface texturing, surface hardening, architecture, and the exploration of matrix compositions, microstructures, and reinforcements. Afterward, the relationship between the wear resistance of a material and its intrinsic properties including hardness, stiffness, strength, and cyclic plasticity is discussed with underlying mechanisms, such as the lattice distortion effect, bonding strength effect, grain size effect, precipitation effect, grain boundary effect, dislocation or twinning effect. A wide range of fundamental applications, specifically in aerospace components, automobile parts, wind turbines, micro-/nano-electromechanical systems, atomic force microscopes, and biomedical devices are highlighted. This review is concluded with prospects on challenges and future directions in this critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Lichun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on TrackMinistry of EducationSchool of Traffic and Transportation EngineeringCentral South University22 South Shaoshan RoadChangsha410075P. R. China
| | - Runhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder MetallurgyCentral South University932 Yuelushan South RoadChangsha410083P. R. China
| | - Xueling Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresSchool of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University28 Xianning WestXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guozheng Kang
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSchool of Mechanics and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University111 Second Ring RoadChengdu610031P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder MetallurgyCentral South University932 Yuelushan South RoadChangsha410083P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
- Environmental Process Modelling CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research InstituteNanyang Technological University1 CleanTech LoopSingapore637141Singapore
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Mitchell CT, Dayan CB, Drotlef DM, Sitti M, Stark AY. The effect of substrate wettability and modulus on gecko and gecko-inspired synthetic adhesion in variable temperature and humidity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19748. [PMID: 33184356 PMCID: PMC7665207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gecko adhesive performance increases as relative humidity increases. Two primary mechanisms can explain this result: capillary adhesion and increased contact area via material softening. Both hypotheses consider variable relative humidity, but neither fully explains the interactive effects of temperature and relative humidity on live gecko adhesion. In this study, we used live tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) and a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive to investigate the roles of capillary adhesion and material softening on gecko adhesive performance. The results of our study suggest that both capillary adhesion and material softening contribute to overall gecko adhesion, but the relative contribution of each depends on the environmental context. Specifically, capillary adhesion dominates on hydrophilic substrates, and material softening dominates on hydrophobic substrates. At low temperature (12 °C), both capillary adhesion and material softening likely produce high adhesion across a range of relative humidity values. At high temperature (32 °C), material softening plays a dominant role in adhesive performance at an intermediate relative humidity (i.e., 70% RH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Cem Balda Dayan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk-M Drotlef
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alyssa Y Stark
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
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Stark AY, Mitchell CT. Stick or Slip: Adhesive Performance of Geckos and Gecko-Inspired Synthetics in Wet Environments. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:214-226. [PMID: 30873552 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gecko adhesive system has inspired hundreds of synthetic mimics principally focused on replicating the strong, reversible, and versatile properties of the natural system. For geckos native to the tropics, versatility includes the need to remain attached to substrates that become wet from high humidity and frequent rain. Paradoxically, van der Waals forces, the principal mechanism responsible for gecko adhesion, reduce to zero when two contacting surfaces separate even slightly by entrapped water layers. A series of laboratory studies show that instead of slipping, geckos maintain and even improve their adhesive performance in many wet conditions (i.e., on wet hydrophobic substrates, on humid substrates held at low temperatures). The mechanism for this is not fully clarified, and likely ranges in scale from the chemical and material properties of the gecko's contact structures called setae (e.g., setae soften and change surface confirmation when exposed to water), to their locomotor biomechanics and decision-making behavior when encountering water on a substrate in their natural environment (e.g., some geckos tend to run faster and stop more frequently on misted substrates than dry). Current work has also focused on applying results from the natural system to gecko-inspired synthetic adhesives, improving their performance in wet conditions. Gecko-inspired synthetic adhesives have also provided a unique opportunity to test hypotheses about the natural system in semi-natural conditions replicated in the laboratory. Despite many detailed studies focused on the role of water and humidity on gecko and gecko-inspired synthetic adhesion, there remains several outstanding questions: (1) what, if any, role does capillary or capillary-like adhesion play on overall adhesive performance of geckos and gecko-inspired synthetics, (2) how do chemical and material changes at the surface and in the bulk of gecko setae and synthetic fibrils change when exposed to water, and what does this mean for adhesive performance, and (3) how much water do geckos encounter in their native environment, and what is their corresponding behavioral response? This review will detail what we know about gecko adhesion in wet environments, and outline the necessary next steps in biological and synthetic system investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Y Stark
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Christopher T Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Lee JH, Kwak S. Branched polyethylenimine‐polyethylene glycol‐
β
‐cyclodextrin polymers for efficient removal of bisphenol A and copper from wastewater. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Seung‐Yeop Kwak
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM)Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro Gwanak‐gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
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Zhang K, Xiao X, Wang X, Fan Y, Li X. Topographical patterning: characteristics of current processing techniques, controllable effects on material properties and co-cultured cell fate, updated applications in tissue engineering, and improvement strategies. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7090-7109. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Topographical patterning has recently attracted lots of attention in regulating cell fate, understanding the mechanism of cell–microenvironment interactions, and solving the great issues of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiongfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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Ko H, Seong M, Jeong HE. A micropatterned elastomeric surface with enhanced frictional properties under wet conditions and its application. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8419-8425. [PMID: 29082413 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineered surfaces that have high friction under wet or lubricated conditions are important in many practical applications. However, it is not easy to achieve stable high friction under wet conditions because a layer of fluid prevents direct solid-solid contact. Here, we report a micropatterned elastomeric surface with superior wet friction. The surface has unique arch-shaped microstructures arrayed in a circle on the surface to provide high friction on wet or flooded surfaces. The arch-shaped micropatterned surface exhibits remarkably enhanced and stable friction under wet conditions, surpassing even the performance of the hexagonal patterns of tree frogs, owing to the large contact surface and the optimal shape of drainage channels. Robotic substrate transportation systems equipped with the micropatterned surfaces can manipulate a delicate wet substrate without any sliding in a highly stable and reproducible manner, demonstrating the superior frictional capabilities of the surface under wet conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Xie H, Mead J, Wang S, Huang H. The effect of surface texture on the kinetic friction of a nanowire on a substrate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44907. [PMID: 28322351 PMCID: PMC5359617 DOI: 10.1038/srep44907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The friction between Al2O3 nanowires and silicon substrates of different surface textures was characterised by use of optical manipulation. It was found that surface textures had significant effect on both the friction and the effective contact area between a nanowire and a substrate. A genetic algorithm was developed to determine the effective contact area between the nanowire and the textured substrate. The frictional force was found to be nearly proportional to the effective contact area, regardless of width, depth, spacing and orientation of the surface textures. Interlocking caused by textured grooves was not observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xie
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD4072, Australia
| | - James Mead
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Shiliang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Han Huang
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD4072, Australia
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Pendyala P, Grewal HS, Kim HN, Cho IJ, Yoon ES. Individual Role of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Nanopatterns on Tribological Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30590-30600. [PMID: 27739687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale patterns have dimensions that are comparable to the length scales affected by intermolecular and surface forces. In this study, we systematically investigated the individual roles of curvature, surface energy, lateral stiffness, material, and pattern density in the adhesion and friction of nanopatterns. We fabricated cylindrical and mushroom-shaped polymer pattern geometries containing flat- and round-topped morphologies using capillary force lithography and nanodrawing techniques. We showed that the curvature, surface energy, and density of the patterns predominantly influenced the adhesive interactions, whereas lateral stiffness dominated friction by controlling the geometrical interaction between the indenter and pillar during sliding. Interestingly, in contrast to previous studies, cylindrical and mushroom-shaped pillars showed similar adhesion characteristics but very different frictional properties. Using fracture mechanics analysis, we showed that this phenomenon is due to a larger ratio of the mushroom flange thickness (t) to the radius of the pillar stem (ρ), and we proposed a design criterion for mushroom patterns to exhibit a geckolike effect. The most important result of our work is the discovery of a linear master curve in the graph of adhesion versus friction for pillars with similar lateral stiffness values that is independent of curvature, material, surface energy, and pattern density. These results will aid in the identification of simple pattern parameters that can be scaled to tune adhesion and friction and will help broaden the understanding of nanoscale topographical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Pendyala
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Harpreet S Grewal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University , Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sung Yoon
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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