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Wijaya M, Halleyantoro R, Kalumpiu JF. Biofilm: The invisible culprit in catheter-induced candidemia. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:467-485. [PMID: 37649801 PMCID: PMC10462453 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidemia is the most common form of invasive fungal infection associated with several risk factors, and one of them is the use of medical devices, to which microbial biofilms can attach. Candidemia related to the use of peripheral intravascular and central venous catheters (CVC) is referred to as Candida catheter-related bloodstream infection, with more than 90% being related to CVC usage. The infection is associated with a higher morbidity and mortality rate than nosocomial bacterial infections. Candida spp. can protect themselves from the host immune system and antifungal drugs because of the biofilm structure, which is potentiated by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the most pathogenic species often found to form biofilms associated with catheter usage. Biofilm formation of C. albicans includes four mechanisms: attachment, morphogenesis, maturation and dispersion. The biofilms formed between C. albicans and non-albicans spp. differ in ECM structure and composition and are associated with the persistence of colonization to infection for various catheter materials and antifungal resistance. Efforts to combat Candida spp. biofilm formation on catheters are still challenging because not all patients, especially those who are critically ill, can be recommended for catheter removal; also to be considered are the characteristics of the biofilm itself, which readily colonizes the permanent medical devices used. The limited choice and increasing systemic antifungal resistance also make treating it more difficult. Hence, alternative strategies have been developed to manage Candida biofilm. Current options for prevention or therapy in combination with systemic antifungal medications include lock therapy, catheter coating, natural peptide products and photodynamic inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiliyana Wijaya
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ryan Halleyantoro
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jane Florida Kalumpiu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Banten, Indonesia
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2
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Molecular Mapping of Antifungal Mechanisms Accessing Biomaterials and New Agents to Target Oral Candidiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147520. [PMID: 35886869 PMCID: PMC9320712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis has a high rate of development, especially in immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapies in hospitalized HIV and cancer patients are known to induce the poor management of adverse reactions, where local and systemic candidiasis become highly resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. The development of oral candidiasis is triggered by several mechanisms that determine oral epithelium imbalances, resulting in poor local defense and a delayed immune system response. As a result, pathogenic fungi colonies disseminate and form resistant biofilms, promoting serious challenges in initiating a proper therapeutic protocol. Hence, this study of the literature aimed to discuss possibilities and new trends through antifungal therapy for buccal drug administration. A large number of studies explored the antifungal activity of new agents or synergic components that may enhance the effect of classic drugs. It was of significant interest to find connections between smart biomaterials and their activity, to find molecular responses and mechanisms that can conquer the multidrug resistance of fungi strains, and to transpose them into a molecular map. Overall, attention is focused on the nanocolloids domain, nanoparticles, nanocomposite synthesis, and the design of polymeric platforms to satisfy sustained antifungal activity and high biocompatibility with the oral mucosa.
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3
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Adhesion and Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Plasma-Coated Biodegradable Nanofibers. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6070193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Various biomedical applications of biodegradable nanofibers are a hot topic, as evidenced by the ever-increasing number of publications in this field. However, as-prepared nanofibers suffer from poor cell adhesion, so their surface is often modified. In this work, active polymeric surface layers with different densities of COOH groups from 5.1 to 14.4% were successfully prepared by Ar/CO2/C2H4 plasma polymerization. It has been shown that adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded onto plasma-modified PCL nanofibers are controlled by the CO2:C2H4 ratio. At a high CO2:C2H4 ratio, a well-defined network of actin microfilaments is observed in the MSCs. Nanofibers produced at a low CO2:C2H4 ratio showed poor cell adhesion and very poor survival. There were significantly fewer cells on the surface, they had a small spreading area, a poorly developed network of actin filaments, and there were almost no stress fibrils. The maximum percentage of proliferating cells was recorded at a CO2:C2H4 ratio of 35:15 compared with gaseous environments of 25:20 and 20:25 (24.1 ± 1.5; 8.4 ± 0.9, and 4.1 ± 0.4%, respectively). Interestingly, no differences were observed between the number of cells on the untreated surface and the plasma-polymerized surface at CO2:C2H4 = 20:25 (4.9 ± 0.6 and 4.1 ± 0.4, respectively). Thus, Ar/CO2/C2H4 plasma polymerization can be an excellent tool for regulating the viability of MSCs by simply adjusting the CO2:C2H4 ratio.
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4
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Lamont-Friedrich SJ, Kidd SE, Giles C, Griesser HJ, Coad BR. Candida auris susceptibility on surfaces coated with the antifungal drug caspofungin. Med Mycol 2021; 60:6440162. [PMID: 34850067 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is known to survive for weeks on solid material surfaces. Its longevity contributes to medical device contamination and spread through healthcare facilities. We fabricated antifungal surface coatings by coating plastic and glass surfaces with a thin polymer layer to which the antifungal drug caspofungin was covalently conjugated. Caspofungin-susceptible and -resistant C. auris strains were inhibited on these surfaces by 98.7 and 81.1%, respectively. Cell viability studies showed that this inhibition was fungicidal. Our findings indicate that C. auris strains can be killed on contact when exposed to caspofungin that is reformulated as a covalently-bound surface layer. LAY SUMMARY Candida auris is pathogenic, multidrug resistant yeast with the ability to survive on surfaces and remain transmissible for long periods of time in healthcare settings. In this study, we have prepared an antifungal surface coating and demonstrated its ability to kill adhering C. auris cells on contact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Centre, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Carla Giles
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health & Vaccines. Department of Primary Industries Parks Water & Environment Tasmania, Tasmania 7249, Australia
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
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5
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Assessment of nonreleasing antifungal surface coatings bearing covalently attached pharmaceuticals. Biointerphases 2021; 16:061001. [PMID: 34794317 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many reports of antimicrobial coatings bearing immobilized active agents on surfaces; however, strong analytical evidence is required to verify that the agents are indeed covalently attached to the surface. In the absence of such evidence, antimicrobial activity could result from a release of active agents. We report a detailed assessment of antifungal surface coatings prepared using covalent attachment chemistries, with the aim of establishing a set of instrumental and biological evidence required to convincingly demonstrate antimicrobial activity due to nonreleasing, surface active compounds and to exclude the alternate possibility of activity due to release. The strongest biological evidence initially supporting permanent antifungal activity was the demonstration of the ability to reuse samples in multiple, sequential pathogen challenges. However, additional supporting evidence from washing studies and instrumental analysis is also required to probe the possibility of gradual desorption of strongly physisorbed compounds versus covalently attached compounds. Potent antifungal surface coatings were prepared from approved pharmaceutical compounds from the echinocandin drug class (caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin) and assessed by microbiological tests and instrumental methods. Carbonyl diimidazole linking chemistry enabled covalent attachment of caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin to plasma polymer surfaces, with antifungal surface activity likely caused by molecular orientations that present the lipophilic tail toward interfacing fungal cells. This study demonstrates the instrumental and biological evidence required to convincingly ascertain activity due to nonreleasing, surface active compounds and summarize these as three criteria for assessing other reports on surface-immobilized antimicrobial compounds.
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Chakraborty A, Jasieniak M, Coad BR, Griesser HJ. Candida albicans Can Survive Antifungal Surface Coatings on Surfaces with Microcone Topography. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7769-7778. [PMID: 35006760 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the ability of Candida albicans, a medically significant human fungal pathogen, to minimize contact with an antifungal surface coating that on a flat surface is lethal on contact by growing on and between micron-sized surface topographical features, thus minimizing the contact area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cells contacting the "floor" between microcones were killed, whereas cells attached to microcones survived and formed hyphal filaments. These spanned space between cones and avoided contact with the flat surface in-between cones. Thus, fungal cells managed to attach and grow despite the antifungal coating. This ability of Candida albicans to exploit topography features to minimize surface contact yet utilize the solid surface for anchoring reduces the effectiveness of the grafted antifungal surface coating. This suggests that biomedical devices with rough surfaces might be more challenging to protect against fungal biofilm formation via application of an antifungal coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Chakraborty
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Marek Jasieniak
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Jallow S, Govender NP. Ibrexafungerp: A First-in-Class Oral Triterpenoid Glucan Synthase Inhibitor. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030163. [PMID: 33668824 PMCID: PMC7996284 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078 or MK-3118) is a first-in-class triterpenoid antifungal or “fungerp” that inhibits biosynthesis of β-(1,3)-D-glucan in the fungal cell wall, a mechanism of action similar to that of echinocandins. Distinguishing characteristics of ibrexafungerp include oral bioavailability, a favourable safety profile, few drug–drug interactions, good tissue penetration, increased activity at low pH and activity against multi-drug resistant isolates including C. auris and C. glabrata. In vitro data has demonstrated broad and potent activity against Candida and Aspergillus species. Importantly, ibrexafungerp also has potent activity against azole-resistant isolates, including biofilm-forming Candida spp., and echinocandin-resistant isolates. It also has activity against the asci form of Pneumocystis spp., and other pathogenic fungi including some non-Candida yeasts and non-Aspergillus moulds. In vivo data have shown IBX to be effective for treatment of candidiasis and aspergillosis. Ibrexafungerp is effective for the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis in completed phase 3 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelle Jallow
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses (CHARM), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-386-6395
| | - Nelesh P. Govender
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses (CHARM), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa;
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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8
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Combatting fungal biofilm formation by diffusive release of fluconazole from heptylamine plasma polymer coating. Biointerphases 2020; 15:061012. [PMID: 33339460 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug-eluting coating applied onto biomedical devices and implants is an appropriate way to ensure that an inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial drugs is present at the device surface, thus preventing surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation. In this study, a thin polymer coating was applied to materials, and it acted as a drug-delivery reservoir capable of surface delivery of the antifungal drug fluconazole to amounts up to 21 μg/cm2. The release kinetics into aqueous solution were quantified by UV spectroscopy and conformed to the Ritger-Peppas and Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Complementary microbiological assays were used to determine effectiveness against Candida albicans attachment and biofilm formation, and against the control heptylamine plasma polymer coating without drug loading, on which substantial fungal growth occurred. Fluconazole release led to marked antifungal activity in all assays, with log 1.6 reduction in CFUs/cm2. Cell viability assays and microscopy revealed that fungal cells attached to the fluconazole-loaded coating remained rounded and did not form hyphae and biofilm. Thus, in vitro screening results for fluconazole-releasing surface coatings showed efficacy in the prevention of the formation of Candida albicans biofilm.
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9
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Vera-González N, Shukla A. Advances in Biomaterials for the Prevention and Disruption of Candida Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:538602. [PMID: 33042051 PMCID: PMC7527432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species can readily colonize a multitude of indwelling devices, leading to biofilm formation. These three-dimensional, surface-associated Candida communities employ a multitude of sophisticated mechanisms to evade treatment, leading to persistent and recurrent infections with high mortality rates. Further complicating matters, the current arsenal of antifungal therapeutics that are effective against biofilms is extremely limited. Antifungal biomaterials are gaining interest as an effective strategy for combating Candida biofilm infections. In this review, we explore biomaterials developed to prevent Candida biofilm formation and those that treat existing biofilms. Surface functionalization of devices employing clinically utilized antifungals, other antifungal molecules, and antifungal polymers has been extremely effective at preventing fungi attachment, which is the first step of biofilm formation. Several mechanisms can lead to this attachment inhibition, including contact killing and release-based killing of surrounding planktonic cells. Eliminating mature biofilms is arguably much more difficult than prevention. Nanoparticles have shown the most promise in disrupting existing biofilms, with the potential to penetrate the dense fungal biofilm matrix and locally target fungal cells. We will describe recent advances in both surface functionalization and nanoparticle therapeutics for the treatment of Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Vera-González
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anita Shukla
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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10
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Chandna S, Thakur NS, Kaur R, Bhaumik J. Lignin–Bimetallic Nanoconjugate Doped pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Laser-Assisted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3216-3230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjam Chandna
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, South Campus, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Neeraj S. Thakur
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, South Campus, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
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11
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Alex J, González K, Kindel T, Bellstedt P, Weber C, Heinekamp T, Orasch T, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Schubert US, Brakhage AA. Caspofungin Functionalized Polymethacrylates with Antifungal Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2104-2115. [PMID: 32286800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of hydrophilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PmPEGMA) and hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) caspofungin conjugates by a post-polymerization modification of copolymers containing 10 mol % pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFPMA), which were obtained via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization. The coupling of the clinically used antifungal caspofungin was confirmed and quantified in detail by a combination of 1H-, 19F- and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. The trifunctional amine-containing antifungal was attached via several amide bonds to the hydrophobic PMMA, but sterical hindrance induced by the mPEGMA side chains prohibited intramolecular double functionalization. Both polymer-drug conjugates revealed activity against important human-pathogenic fungi, that is, two strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and one strain of Candida albicans (2.5 mg L-1 < MEC < 8 mg L-1, MIC50 = 4 mg L-1), whereas RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as HeLa cells remained unaffected at these concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Alex
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katherine González
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Till Kindel
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinekamp
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Orasch
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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12
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Kesarwani V, Kelly HG, Shankar M, Robinson KJ, Kent SJ, Traven A, Corrie SR. Characterization of Key Bio-Nano Interactions between Organosilica Nanoparticles and Candida albicans. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34676-34687. [PMID: 31483991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-cell interactions between silica nanomaterials and mammalian cells have been investigated extensively in the context of drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging. While there are also opportunities for applications in infectious disease, the interactions of silica nanoparticles with pathogenic microbes are relatively underexplored. To bridge this knowledge gap, here, we investigate the effects of organosilica nanoparticles of different sizes, concentrations, and surface coatings on surface association and viability of the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We show that uncoated and PEGylated organosilica nanoparticles associate with C. albicans in a size and concentration-dependent manner, but on their own, do not elicit antifungal activity. The particles are also shown to associate with human white blood cells, in a similar trend as observed with C. albicans, and remain noncytotoxic toward neutrophils. Smaller particles are shown to have low association with C. albicans in comparison to other sized particles and their association with blood cells was also observed to be minimal. We further demonstrate that by chemically immobilizing the clinically important echinocandin class antifungal drug, caspofungin, to PEGylated nanoparticles, the cell-material interaction changes from benign to antifungal, inhibiting C. albicans growth when provided in high local concentration on a surface. Our study provides the foundation for defining how organosilica particles could be tailored for clinical applications against C. albicans. Possible future developments include designing biomaterials that could detect, prevent, or treat bloodstream C. albicans infections, which at present have very high patient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhishri Kesarwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Madhu Shankar
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Kye J Robinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Ana Traven
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Simon R Corrie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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13
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Naderi J, Giles C, Saboohi S, Griesser HJ, Coad BR. Surface-grafted antimicrobial drugs: Possible misinterpretation of mechanism of action. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06E409. [PMID: 30482023 PMCID: PMC6905654 DOI: 10.1116/1.5050043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial surface coatings that act through a contact-killing mechanism (not diffusive release) could offer many advantages to the design of medical device coatings that prevent microbial colonization and infections. However, as the authors show here, to prevent arriving at an incorrect conclusion about their mechanism of action, it is essential to employ thorough washing protocols validated by surface analytical data. Antimicrobial surface coatings were fabricated by covalently attaching polyene antifungal drugs to surface coatings. Thorough washing (often considered to be sufficient to remove noncovalently attached molecules) was used after immobilization and produced samples that showed a strong antifungal effect, with a log 6 reduction in Candida albicans colony forming units. However, when an additional washing step using surfactants and warmed solutions was used, more firmly adsorbed compounds were eluted from the surface as evidenced by XPS and ToF-SIMS, resulting in reduction and complete elimination of in vitro antifungal activity. Thus, polyene molecules covalently attached to surfaces appear not to have a contact-killing effect, probably because they fail to reach their membrane target. Without additional stringent washing and surface analysis, the initial favorable antimicrobial testing results could have been misinterpreted as evidencing activity of covalently grafted polyenes, while in reality activity arose from desorbing physisorbed molecules. To avoid unintentional confirmation bias, they suggest that binding and washing protocols be analytically verified by qualitative/quantitative instrumental methods, rather than relying on false assumptions of the rigors of washing/soaking protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Naderi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Carla Giles
- Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment Tasmania, Centre for Aquatic Animal Health and Vaccines, 165 Westbury Road, Prospect, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Solmaz Saboohi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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14
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Stewart CAC, Akhavan B, Hung J, Bao S, Jang JH, Wise SG, Bilek MMM. Multifunctional Protein-Immobilized Plasma Polymer Films for Orthopedic Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4084-4094. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Callum A. C. Stewart
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Physics Road, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Physics Road, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Juichien Hung
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Shisan Bao
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400−712, Korea
| | - Steven G. Wise
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela M. M. Bilek
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Physics Road, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Naderi J, Giles C, Saboohi S, Griesser HJ, Coad BR. Surface coatings with covalently attached anidulafungin and micafungin preventCandida albicansbiofilm formation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 74:360-364. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Naderi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carla Giles
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health & Vaccines, Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Parks Water & Environment, 165 Westbury Road, Prospect, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Solmaz Saboohi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Michl TD, Jung D, Pertoldi A, Schulte A, Mocny P, Klok HA, Schönherr H, Giles C, Griesser HJ, Coad BR. An Acid Test: Facile SI-ARGET-ATRP of Methacrylic Acid. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Michl
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Dimitri Jung
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Andrea Pertoldi
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Anna Schulte
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Piotr Mocny
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Laboratoire des Polymères; Bâtiment MXD, Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Laboratoire des Polymères; Bâtiment MXD, Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Carla Giles
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Hans J. Griesser
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Bryan R. Coad
- Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Laboratoire des Polymères; Bâtiment MXD, Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine; Food and Wine; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Adelaide Australia
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17
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Giles C, Lamont-Friedrich SJ, Michl TD, Griesser HJ, Coad BR. The importance of fungal pathogens and antifungal coatings in medical device infections. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:264-280. [PMID: 29199134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has been collated on the contributions of fungal species, particularly Candida, to medical device infections. Fungal species can form biofilms by themselves or by participating in polymicrobial biofilms with bacteria. Thus, there is a clear need for effective preventative measures, such as thin coatings that can be applied onto medical devices to stop the attachment, proliferation, and formation of device-associated biofilms. However, fungi being eukaryotes, the challenge is greater than for bacterial infections because antifungal agents are often toxic towards eukaryotic host cells. Whilst there is extensive literature on antibacterial coatings, a far lesser body of literature exists on surfaces or coatings that prevent attachment and biofilm formation on medical devices by fungal pathogens. Here we review strategies for the design and fabrication of medical devices with antifungal surfaces. We also survey the microbiology literature on fundamental mechanisms by which fungi attach and spread on natural and synthetic surfaces. Research in this field requires close collaboration between biomaterials scientists, microbiologists and clinicians; we consider progress in the molecular understanding of fungal recognition of, and attachment to, suitable surfaces, and of ensuing metabolic changes, to be essential for designing rational approaches towards effective antifungal coatings, rather than empirical trial of coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giles
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Lamont-Friedrich
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas D Michl
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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18
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Caspofungin on ARGET-ATRP grafted PHEMA polymers: Enhancement and selectivity of prevention of attachment ofCandida albicans. Biointerphases 2017; 12:05G602. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4986054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Chang CC, Slavin MA, Chen SCA. New developments and directions in the clinical application of the echinocandins. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1613-1621. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Michl TD, Giles C, Cross AT, Griesser HJ, Coad BR. Facile single-step bioconjugation of the antifungal agent caspofungin onto material surfaces via an epoxide plasma polymer interlayer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a facile, one-step, aqueous surface bioconjugation approach for producing an antifungal surface coating that prevents the formation of fungal biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Michl
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
| | - Carla Giles
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
| | | | - Hans J. Griesser
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
| | - Bryan R. Coad
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine
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21
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Dhamgaye S, Qu Y, Peleg AY. Polymicrobial infections involving clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1716-1722. [PMID: 27665610 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between fungi and bacteria and their relevance to human health and disease have recently attracted increased attention in biomedical fields. Emerging evidence shows that bacteria and fungi can have synergistic or antagonistic interactions, each with important implications for human colonization and disease. It is now appreciated that some of these interactions may be strategic and helps promote the survival of one or both microorganisms within the host. This review will shed light on clinically relevant interactions between fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. Mechanism of interaction, host immune responses, and preventive measures will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiveeni Dhamgaye
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yue Qu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Coad BR, Griesser HJ, Peleg AY, Traven A. Anti-infective Surface Coatings: Design and Therapeutic Promise against Device-Associated Infections. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005598. [PMID: 27253192 PMCID: PMC4890736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hans J. Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Traven
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Wu Z, Zheng K, Zhang J, Tang T, Guo H, Boccaccini AR, Wei J. Effects of magnesium silicate on the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, bioactivity, degradability, and osteogenesis of poly(butylene succinate)-based composite scaffolds for bone repair. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7974-7988. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The m-MS/PBSu scaffolds, with a hierarchical porous structure, could promote cell proliferation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Jue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- School of Medicine
| | - Han Guo
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - Aldo. R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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