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Samolis PD, Sander MY, Hong MK, Erramilli S, Narayan O. Thermal transport across membranes and the Kapitza length from photothermal microscopy. J Biol Phys 2023; 49:365-381. [PMID: 37477759 PMCID: PMC10397174 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-023-09636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An analytical model is presented for light scattering associated with heat transport near a cell membrane that divides a complex system into two topologically distinct half-spaces. Our analysis is motivated by experiments on vibrational photothermal microscopy which have not only demonstrated remarkably high contrast and resolution, but also are capable of providing label-free local information of heat transport in complex morphologies. In the first Born approximation, the derived Green's function leads to the reconstruction of a full 3D image with photothermal contrast obtained using both amplitude and phase detection of periodic excitations. We show that important fundamental parameters including the Kapitza length and Kapitza resistance can be derived from experiments. Our goal is to spur additional experimental studies with high-frequency modulation and heterodyne detection in order to make contact with recent theoretical molecular dynamics calculations of thermal transport properties in membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis D Samolis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Y Sander
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mi K Hong
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shyamsunder Erramilli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Onuttom Narayan
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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Phal Y, Pfister L, Carney PS, Bhargava R. Resolution Limit in Infrared Chemical Imaging. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9777-9783. [PMID: 38476191 PMCID: PMC10928383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemical imaging combines the spatial specificity of optical microscopy with the spectral selectivity of vibrational spectroscopy. Mid-infrared (IR) absorption imaging instruments are now able to capture high-quality spectra with microscopic spatial detail, but the limits of their ability to resolve spatial and spectral objects remain less understood. In particular, the sensitivity of measurements to chemical and spatial changes and rules for optical design have been presented, but the influence of spectral information on spatial sensitivity is as yet relatively unexplored. We report an information theory-based approach to quantify the spatial localization capability of spectral data in chemical imaging. We explicitly consider the joint effects of the signal-to-noise ratio and spectral separation that have significance in experimental settings to derive resolution limits in IR spectroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Phal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Luke Pfister
- Dynamic Imaging & Radiography Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - P Scott Carney
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Bai Y, Yin J, Cheng JX. Bond-selective imaging by optically sensing the mid-infrared photothermal effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1559. [PMID: 33990332 PMCID: PMC8121423 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging using inherent vibrational contrast has been broadly used as a powerful analytical tool for sample identification and characterization. However, the low spatial resolution and large water absorption associated with the long IR wavelengths hinder its applications to study subcellular features in living systems. Recently developed mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy overcomes these limitations by probing the IR absorption-induced photothermal effect using a visible light. MIP microscopy yields submicrometer spatial resolution with high spectral fidelity and reduced water background. In this review, we categorize different photothermal contrast mechanisms and discuss instrumentations for scanning and widefield MIP microscope configurations. We highlight a broad range of applications from life science to materials. We further provide future perspective and potential venues in MIP microscopy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeran Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Samolis PD, Langley D, O’Reilly BM, Oo Z, Hilzenrat G, Erramilli S, Sgro AE, McArthur S, Sander MY. Label-free imaging of fibroblast membrane interfaces and protein signatures with vibrational infrared photothermal and phase signals. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:303-319. [PMID: 33520386 PMCID: PMC7818956 DOI: 10.1364/boe.411888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Label-free vibrational imaging of biological samples has attracted significant interest due to its integration of structural and chemical information. Vibrational infrared photothermal amplitude and phase signal (VIPPS) imaging provide label-free chemical identification by targeting the characteristic resonances of biological compounds that are present in the mid-infrared fingerprint region (3 µm - 12 µm). High contrast imaging of subcellular features and chemical identification of protein secondary structures in unlabeled and labeled fibroblast cells embedded in a collagen-rich extracellular matrix is demonstrated by combining contrast from absorption signatures (amplitude signals) with sensitive detection of different heat properties (lock-in phase signals). We present that the detectability of nano-sized cell membranes is enhanced to well below the optical diffraction limit since the membranes are found to act as thermal barriers. VIPPS offers a novel combination of chemical imaging and thermal diffusion characterization that paves the way towards label-free imaging of cell models and tissues as well as the study of intracellular heat dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis D. Samolis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel Langley
- Bioengineering Research Group Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Breanna M. O’Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zay Oo
- Bioengineering Research Group Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geva Hilzenrat
- Bioengineering Research Group Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shyamsunder Erramilli
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, MA 02446, USA
| | - Allyson E. Sgro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sally McArthur
- Bioengineering Research Group Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Y. Sander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, MA 02446, USA
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Samolis PD, Sander MY. Phase-sensitive lock-in detection for high-contrast mid-infrared photothermal imaging with sub-diffraction limited resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2643-2655. [PMID: 30732299 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of the phase output of a lock-in amplifier in mid-infrared photothermal vibrational microscopy is demonstrated for the first time in combination with nonlinear demodulation. In general, thermal blurring and heat transport phenomena contribute to the resolution and sensitivity of mid-infrared photothermal imaging. For heterogeneous samples with multiple absorbing features, if imaged in a spectral regime of comparable absorption with their embedding medium, it is demonstrated that differentiation with high contrast is achieved in complementary imaging of the phase signal obtained from a lock-in amplifier compared to standard imaging of the photothermal amplitude signal. Specifically, by investigating the relative contribution of the out-of-phase lock-in signal, information based on changes in the rate of heat transport can be extracted, and inhomogeneities in the thermal diffusion properties across the sample plane can be mapped with high sensitivity and sub-diffraction limited resolution. Under these imaging conditions, wavenumber regimes can be identified in which the thermal diffusion contributions are minimized and an enhancement of the spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limited spot size of the probe beam in the corresponding phase images is achieved. By combining relative diffusive phase imaging with nonlinear demodulation at the second harmonic, it is demonstrated that 1-μm-size melamine beads embedded in a thin layer of 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal can be detected with a 1.3-μm spatial full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) resolution. Thus, imaging with a resolving power that exceeds the probe diffraction limited spot size by a factor of 2.5 is presented, which paves the route towards super-resolution, label-free imaging in the mid-infrared.
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