1
|
Superstructures of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks to Single- and Multiatom Sites for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203147. [PMID: 36323587 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and long-term stability for electrochemical energy conversion is significant yet remains challenging. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived superstructures are a source of atomic-site-containing electrocatalysts. These atomic sites anchor the guest encapsulation and self-assembly of aspheric polyhedral particles produced using microreactor fabrication. This review provides an overview of ZIF-derived superstructures by highlighting some of the key structural types, such as open carbon cages, 1D superstructures, hollow structures, and the interconversion of superstructures. The fundamentals and representative structures are outlined to demonstrate the role of superstructures in the construction of materials with atomic sites, such as single- and dual-atom materials. Then, the roles of ZIF-derived single-atom sites for the electroreduction of CO2 and electrochemical synthesis of H2 O2 are discussed, and their electrochemical performance for energy conversion is outlined. Finally, the perspective on advancing single- and dual-atom electrode-based electrochemical processes with enhanced redox activity and a low-impedance charge-transfer pathway for cathodes is provided. The challenges associated with ZIF-derived superstructures for electrochemical energy conversion are discussed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Template-free construction of hollow mesoporous carbon spheres from a covalent triazine framework for enhanced oxygen electroreduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:3168-3177. [PMID: 34809992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The construction of hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres (HMCS) avoiding the use of traditional soft/hard templates is highly desired for nanoscience yet challenging. Herein, we report a simple and straightforward template-free strategy for preparing nitrogen, sulfur dual-doped HMCSs (N/S-HMCSs) as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. The unique hollow spherical and mesoporous structure was in-situ formed via a thermally initiated hollowing pathway from an elaborately engineered covalent triazine framework. Regulation of pyrolysis temperatures contributed to precisely tailoring of the shell thickness of HMCSs. The resulting N/S-HMCS900 (pyrolyzed at 900 °C) possessed high N and S contents, large specific surface areas, rich and uniform mesopores distribution. Consequently, as a metal-free ORR electrocatalyst, N/S-HMCS900 exhibits a high half-wave potential, excellent methanol tolerance and great long-term durability. Additionally, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that N, S-dual dopant can create extra active sites with higher catalytic activity than the isolated N-dopant. This strategy provides new insights into the construction of hollow and mesoporous multi-heteroatom-doped carbon materials with tunable nanoarchitecture for various electrochemical applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Multicompartment particles generated by the self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) have received considerable attention due to their unique morphologies and functionalities. A class of important building blocks for multicomponent particles...
Collapse
|
4
|
Facile synthesis of N/B co-doped hierarchically porous carbon materials based on threonine protic ionic liquids for supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Construction Hierarchically Mesoporous/Microporous Materials Based on Block Copolymer and Covalent Organic Framework. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
6
|
Europium based coordination polyelectrolytes enable core-shell-corona micelles as luminescent probes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5727-5733. [PMID: 32525173 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell-corona (CSC) micelles have multiple layers, which can serve as separate compartments. This property allows them to combine multiple functionalities in a single nanoparticle, with obvious application potential. Here, we propose a new type of CSC micelles with an apolar core and a polyelectrolyte complex shell incorporating coordination polymers. We obtain these particles by using a poly(styrene)-b-poly(vinyl pyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PVP-b-PEO) triblock copolymer with quaternized PVP blocks. This polymer leads to well-defined CSC micelles with a cationic shell, which allows us to entrap anionic coordination polymers without disturbing the micellar structure. Useful properties can be imported in this way, e.g., europium (Eu)-based coordination polymers endow the CSC micelles with strong luminescence. Moreover, copper ions (Cu2+) can quench the luminescence because they disturb the Eu-ligand coordination. Upon adding sulfide ions (S2-), copper ions precipitate as CuS and the Eu-ligand bond as well as the corresponding luminescence are restored. This effect is highly specific for Cu2+ and S2-: other cations or anions hardly interfere with this "on-off-on" luminescence response towards Cu2+ and S2-, demonstrating the selectivity of these CSC micelles as detectors of copper and sulfide ions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Self-assembly of block copolymers towards mesoporous materials for energy storage and conversion systems. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4681-4736. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the progress in the field of block copolymer-templated mesoporous materials, including synthetic methods, morphological and pore size control and their potential applications in energy storage and conversion devices.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hollow Carbon Nanospheres with Developed Porous Structure and Retained N Doping for Facilitated Electrochemical Energy Storage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12889-12897. [PMID: 31502849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of highly porous carbons with abundant surface functionalities and well-defined nanostructure is of significance for many important electrochemical energy storage systems. However, porous carbons suffer from a compromise between porosity, doped functionality, and nanostructure that have thus far restricted their performances. Here, we report the design of highly porous, nitrogen-enriched hollow carbon nanospheres (PN-HCNs) by an interfacial copolymerization strategy followed by NH3-assisted carbonization, and further demonstrate their significance and effectiveness in enhancing the electrochemical performances. The PN-HCN simultaneously delivers a large surface area (1237 m2 g-1) and high N functionalities (6.25 atom %) with a remarkable efficiency of the surface area increase to N loss ratio enabled by NH3 treatment while inheriting the hollow nanospherical structure. Accordingly, owing to the enhanced surface area and retained N doping, the prepared PN-HCN demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performances as a cathode host in lithium-sulfur batteries, including a near-to-theoretical capacity of 1620 mAh g-1, high rate capability and good cycling stability (789 mAh g-1 at 0.5C after 200 cycles). These results are superior to those of HCN without NH3 treatment. Also, PN-HCN exhibits superior capacitances (203 F g-1) and fast ion transport ability in supercapacitors. Our finding shows the simultaneous achievement of both highly porous structures and sufficient N functionalities for high-performance applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Novel activated N-doped hollow microporous carbon nanospheres from pyrrole-based hyper-crosslinking polystyrene for supercapacitors. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Block copolymers for supercapacitors, dielectric capacitors and batteries. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:233001. [PMID: 30925144 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0d77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer-based energy storage emerges as an active interdisciplinary research field. This topical review presents a survey of the recent advances in block copolymers for energy storage. In the first section, we introduce the background of electrochemical energy storage and block copolymer thermodynamics. In the second section, we discuss the current understandings of block copolymer chemistry, processing, pore size, and ionic conductivity. In the third section, we summarize the design principles and state-of-the-art applications of block copolymers in three energy storage devices, namely, supercapacitors, dielectric capacitors, and batteries. Lastly, we present our perspectives on future possible breakthroughs and associated challenges that are essential to propel the development of advanced block copolymers for energy storage. We expect the review to encourage innovative studies on integrating block copolymers into energy storage applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Soft‐Templated Synthesis of Sheet‐Like Nanoporous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons for Electrochemical Supercapacitors. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
N‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon with Open‐Ended Structure for High‐Performance Supercapacitors. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Sub-50 nm Iron-Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Sphere-Encapsulated Iron Carbide Nanoparticles as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800120. [PMID: 30027043 PMCID: PMC6051398 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sub-50 nm iron-nitrogen-doped hollow carbon sphere-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles (Fe3C-Fe,N/C) are synthesized by using a triblock copolymer of poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine-b-ethylene oxide) as a soft template. Their typical features, including a large surface area (879.5 m2 g-1), small hollow size (≈16 nm), and nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon shell, and encapsulated Fe3C nanoparticles generate a highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Fe3C-Fe,N/C hollow spheres exhibit an ORR performance comparable to that of commercially available 20 wt% Pt/C in alkaline electrolyte, with a similar half-wave potential, an electron transfer number close to 4, and lower H2O2 yield of less than 5%. It also shows noticeable ORR catalytic activity under acidic conditions, with a high half-wave potential of 0.714 V, which is only 59 mV lower than that of 20 wt% Pt/C. Moreover, Fe3C-Fe,N/C has remarkable long-term durability and tolerance to methanol poisoning, exceeding Pt/C regardless of the electrolyte.
Collapse
|
15
|
Assembly of Hollow Carbon Nanospheres on Graphene Nanosheets and Creation of Iron-Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon for Oxygen Reduction. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5674-5683. [PMID: 29722961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Triblock copolymer micelles coated with melamine-formaldehyde resin were self-assembled into closely packed two-dimensional (2D) arrangements on the surface of graphene oxide sheets. Carbonizing these structures created a 2D architecture composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sandwiched between two monolayers of sub-40 nm diameter hollow nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (N-HCNS). Electrochemical tests showed that these hybrid structures had better performance for oxygen reduction compared to physically mixed rGO and N-HCNS that were not chemically bonded together. Further impregnation of the sandwich structures with iron (Fe) species followed by carbonization yielded Fe1.6-N-HCNS/rGO-900 with a high specific surface area (968.3 m2 g-1), a high nitrogen doping (6.5 at%), and uniformly distributed Fe dopant (1.6 wt %). X-ray absorption fine structure analyses showed that most of the Fe in the nitrogen-doped carbon framework is composed of single Fe atoms each coordinated to four N atoms. The best Fe1.6-N-HCNS/rGO-900 catalyst performed better in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction than 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst in alkaline medium, with a more positive half-wave potential of 0.872 V and the same limiting current density. Bottom-up soft-patterning of regular carbon arrays on free-standing 2D surfaces should enable conductive carbon supports that boost the performance of electrocatalytic active sites.
Collapse
|
16
|
Graphene nanoflakes functionalized with cobalt/cobalt oxides formation during cobalt organic framework carbonization. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:7722-7732. [PMID: 28561843 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we present the synthesis and carbonization mechanism of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on cobalt and terephthalic acid, with detailed attention to the carbonization mechanism of cobalt-based organic frameworks. The evolution of the unique morphology of carbonized cobalt organic frameworks induced by temperature allows the synthesis of a hybrid of multi-layered carbon structures with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles placed between them. The formation of various phases and diameter distributions of cobalt nanoparticles resulted in the partial degradation of carbon structure and exfoliation. Presented data describe the connection between cobalt particle oxidation and carboreduction with the phenomenon of metal particle agglomeration. The presented study allows us to select carbonization conditions in order to obtain the desired cobalt crystalline structure on the graphene flakes from cobalt-based MOFs.
Collapse
|
17
|
A facile soft template method to synthesize hollow carbon and MnOx composite particles for effective methylene blue degradation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28525-28532. [PMID: 35542466 PMCID: PMC9084307 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow carbon and MnOx composite particles (HC-Mn) were fabricated by using polyacrylic acid (PAA) and Mn ion co-assembled colloids as the soft template and resorcinol formaldehyde resin (RF) as the carbon source. The formation process was well studied and a plausible formation mechanism was proposed. The Mn ions played two key roles in the synthesis: first, they promoted the aggregation of the PAA molecules, thus forming the PAA–Mn colloids in solution with high water content, which were suitable for the subsequent RF coating. Secondly, considerable Mn ions were retained after template removal, which were transformed into MnOx particles simultaneously during carbonization. This approach was facile and effective and the as-prepared HC-Mn showed superior catalytic activity toward methylene blue (MB) degradation. Hollow carbon and MnOx composite particles were synthesized for catalytic use and their formation mechanism was proposed.![]()
Collapse
|
18
|
Facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of particle-based nitrogen-doped carbon spheres and their supercapacitor performance. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Particle-based nitrogen-doped carbon spheres (PNCSs) were prepared via a hydrothermal and carbonization route and PNCSs-1.2 demonstrated an enhanced supercapacitor performance.
Collapse
|
19
|
A Simple Approach to Generate Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Loaded with Uniformly Dispersed Metal Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Effect of Various Carbonization Temperatures on ZIF-67 Derived Nanoporous Carbons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
21
|
Double Soft-Template Synthesis of Nitrogen/Sulfur-Codoped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Materials Derived from Protic Ionic Liquid for Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26088-26095. [PMID: 28715170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials derived from the potential precursors and prepared by a facile, effective, and low-pollution strategy have recently been particularly concerned in different research fields. In this study, the interconnected nitrogen/sulfur-codoped hierarchically porous carbon materials have been successfully obtained via one-step carbonization of the self-assembly of [Phne][HSO4] (a protic ionic liquid originated from dilute sulfuric acid and phenothiazine by a straightforward acid-base neutralization) and the double soft-template of OP-10 and F-127. During carbonization process, OP-10 as macroporous template and F-127 as mesoporous template were removed, while [Phne][HSO4] not only could be used as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur source, but also as a pore forming agent to create micropores. The acquired carbon materials for supercapacitor not only hold a large specific capacitance of 302 F g-1 even at 1.0 A g-1, but also fine rate property with 169 F g-1 at 10 A g-1 and excellent capacitance retention of nearly 100% over 5000 circulations in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, carbon materials also present eximious rate performance with 70% in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nanoarchitectonics of Nanoporous Carbon Materials from Natural Resource for Supercapacitor Application. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|