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Rautiainen JM, Valkonen A, Lundell J, Rissanen K, Puttreddy R. The Geometry and Nature of C─I···O─N Interactions in Perfluoroiodobenzene-Pyridine N-oxide Halogen-Bonded Complexes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403945. [PMID: 38870234 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The N─Oxide oxygen in the 111 C─I···⁻O─N+ halogen bond (XB) complexes, formed by five perfluoroiodobenzene XB donors and 32 pyridine N-oxides (PyNO) XB acceptors, exhibits three XB modes: bidentate, tridentate, and monodentate. Their C─I···O XB angles range from 148° to 180°, reflecting the iodine σ-hole's structure-guiding influence. The I···⁻O─N+ angles range from 87° to 152°. On the contrary, the I···⁻O─N+ angles have a narrower range from 107° to 125° in stronger monodentate N─I···⁻O─N+ XBs of N-iodoimides and PyNOs. The C─I···⁻O─N+ systems exhibit a larger variation in I···⁻O─N+ angles due to weaker XB donor perfluoroiodoaromatics forming weak I···O XBs, which allows wider access to electron-rich N-O group regions. Density Functional Theory analysis shows that I···O interactions are attractive even when the I···⁻O─N+ angle is ≈80°. Correlation analysis of structural parameters showed that weak I···O XBs in perfluoroiodobenzene-PyNO complexes affect the C─I bond via n(O)→σ*(C─I) donation less than the N─I bond via n(O)→σ*(N─I) donation in very strong I···O XBs of N-iodoimide-PyNO complexes. This implies that PyNOs' oxygen self-tunes its XB acceptor property, dependent on the XB donor σ-hole strength affecting the bonding denticity, geometry, and interaction energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Mikko Rautiainen
- Department of chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. BOX 35, Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. BOX 35, Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jan Lundell
- Department of chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. BOX 35, Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. BOX 35, Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. BOX 35, Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Finland
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2
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Nemec V, Cinčić D. The Halogen Bonding Proclivity of the sp 3 Sulfur Atom as a Halogen Bond Acceptor in Cocrystals of Tetrahydro-4 H-thiopyran-4-one and Its Derivatives. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:5796-5801. [PMID: 36248237 PMCID: PMC9553023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a systematic study of the capability of the sp3 hybridized sulfur atom for halogen bonding both in a small building block, tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one, and two larger ones derived from it, Schiff bases with a morpholine fragment on the other end of the molecule. These three building blocks were cocrystallized with six perhalogenated aromates: 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, 1,3,5-triiodotrifluorobenzene, 1,3-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, 1,2-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, iodopentafluorobenzene, and 1,4-dibromotetrafluorobenzene. Out of the 18 combinations, only 7 (39%) yielded cocrystals, although with a high occurrence of the targeted I···S halogen bonding motif in all cocrystals (71%), and in imine cocrystals the I···Omorpholine motif (100%) as well as, surprisingly, the I···Nimine motif (100%). The I···S halogen bonds presented in this work feature lower relative shortening values than those for other types of sulfur atoms; however, the sp3 sulfur atom could potentially be more specific an acceptor for halogen bonding.
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3
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Weng P, Yan X, Cao J, Li Z, Jiang YB. Intramolecular chalcogen bonding to tune molecular conformation of helical building block for supramolecular helix. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6461-6464. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01615j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose to employ intramolecular chalcogen bonding to make the helical building block take its otherwise unfavorable cis-conformation. 2,5-Thiophenediamide motif was taken to bridge two β-turn structures to lead to...
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Zelenkov LE, Eliseeva AA, Baykov SV, Suslonov VV, Galmés B, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY, Ivanov DM, Bokach NA. Electron belt-to-σ-hole switch of noncovalently bound iodine(i) atoms in dithiocarbamate metal complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nature of metals in the isostructural series of dithiocarbamate complexes affects the electron belt-to-σ-hole switch of noncovalently bound iodine(i) leading to either semicoordination, or halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev E. Zelenkov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
- Department of Physics and Engineering
| | - Anastasiya A. Eliseeva
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Vitalii V. Suslonov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
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5
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Abstract
Sulfur is a widely used halogen bond (XB) acceptor, but only a limited number of neutral XB acceptors with bifurcated sp3-S sites have been reported. In this work a new bidentate XB acceptor, 1-(4-pyridyl)-4-thiopyridine (PTP), which combines sp3-S and sp2-N acceptor sites, is introduced. Three halogen bonded cocrystals were obtained by using 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB), 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (DIFB), and iodopentafluorobenzene (IPFB) as XB donors and PTP as acceptor. The structures of the cocrystals showed some XB selectivity between the S and N donors in PTP. However, the limited contribution of XB to the overall molecular packing in these three cocrystals and the results from DSC measurements clearly point out the synergetic influence and interplay of all noncovalent interactions in crystal packing of these compounds.
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Single-handed supramolecular double helix of homochiral bis(N-amidothiourea) supported by double crossed C-I···S halogen bonds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3610. [PMID: 31399581 PMCID: PMC6689071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural DNA double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides that are held together by multiple hydrogen bonds. Here we propose to build an artificial double helix from fragments of two strands connected by covalent linkages therein, but with halogen bonding as the driving force for self-assembling the fragments to the double helix. We succeed in building such a double helix in both solution and solid state, by using a bilateral N-(p-iodobenzoyl)alanine based amidothiourea which in its folded cis-form allows double and crossed C−I···S halogen bonds that lead to right- or left-handed double helix when the two alanine residues are of the same L,L- or D,D-configuration. The double helix forms in dilute CH3CN solution of the micromolar concentration level, e.g., 5.6 μM from 2D NOESY experiments and exhibits a high thermal stability in solution up to 75 °C, suggesting cooperative and thereby strong intermolecular double crossed halogen bonding that makes the double helix stable. This is supported by the observed homochiral self-sorting in solution. Building an artificial double helix is a compelling challenge, and most strategies rely on the intertwining of two helical strands. Here, in a very different approach, the authors construct a supramolecular double helix from multiple synthetic small molecules chained together by double crossed halogen bonds.
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7
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Cheng L, Zhu B, Ma X, Zhang Z, Wang JR, Zhang Q, Mei X. Identification of an Overlooked Halogen-Bond Synthon and Its Application in Designing Fluorescent Materials. Chemistry 2019; 25:6584-6590. [PMID: 30779468 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research on new supramolecular synthons facilitates the progress of materials design. Herein, the ability of sp2 carbonyl oxygen atoms to act as halogen-bond acceptors was established through cocrystallization. Four sets of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, esters, and amides, were selected as halogen-bond acceptors. In the absence of strong hydrogen bonds, 14 out of 16 combinations of halogen-bond donors and acceptors could form cocrystals, whereby the supramolecular synthon C=O⋅⋅⋅X acts as the main interaction. Further, the geometric parameters of the C=O⋅⋅⋅X interaction were statistically revealed on the basis of the crystallographic database. The bifurcated interaction mode that has been observed in other halogen-bond synthons rarely occurs in the case of C=O⋅⋅⋅X. The robustness of C=O⋅⋅⋅X makes its application in crystal engineering possible and opens up new opportunities in designing multicomponent fluorescent materials, as indicated by multicolor emission of cocrystals D through C=O⋅⋅⋅X interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bingqing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zaiyong Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
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8
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Le Gal Y, Colas A, Barrière F, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Lorcy D. Halogen and chalcogen-bonding interactions in sulphur-rich π-electron acceptors. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce02046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulphur and iodine heteroatoms on the acceptor skeleton induce chalcogen⋯chalcogen and halogen-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Gal
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Adrien Colas
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Frédéric Barrière
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Dominique Lorcy
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
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9
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Kaasik M, Kaabel S, Kriis K, Järving I, Aav R, Rissanen K, Kanger T. Synthesis and Characterisation of Chiral Triazole-Based Halogen-Bond Donors: Halogen Bonds in the Solid State and in Solution. Chemistry 2017; 23:7337-7344. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Kadri Kriis
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskula; Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35; 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Tõnis Kanger
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Tallinn University of Technology; Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
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10
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Riel AMS, Jessop MJ, Decato DA, Massena CJ, Nascimento VR, Berryman OB. Experimental investigation of halogen-bond hard-soft acid-base complementarity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:203-209. [PMID: 28362283 PMCID: PMC6688566 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The halogen bond (XB) is a topical noncovalent interaction of rapidly increasing importance. The XB employs a `soft' donor atom in comparison to the `hard' proton of the hydrogen bond (HB). This difference has led to the hypothesis that XBs can form more favorable interactions with `soft' bases than HBs. While computational studies have supported this suggestion, solution and solid-state data are lacking. Here, XB soft-soft complementarity is investigated with a bidentate receptor that shows similar associations with neutral carbonyls and heavy chalcogen analogs. The solution speciation and XB soft-soft complementarity is supported by four crystal structures containing neutral and anionic soft Lewis bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Marie S. Riel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Morly J. Jessop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Daniel A. Decato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Casey J. Massena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Vinicius R. Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Orion B. Berryman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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11
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Szell PMJ, Gabidullin B, Bryce DL. 1,3,5-Tri(iodoethynyl)-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene: halogen-bonded frameworks and NMR spectroscopic analysis. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:153-162. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is the non-covalent interaction between the region of positive electrostatic potential associated with a covalently bonded halogen atom, named the σ-hole, and a Lewis base. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures are reported for a series of seven halogen-bonded cocrystals featuring 1,3,5-tris(iodoethynyl)-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene (1) as the halogen-bond donor, and bromide ions (as ammonium or phosphonium salts) as the halogen-bond acceptors: (1)·MePh3PBr, (1)·EtPh3PBr, (1)·acetonyl-Ph3PBr, (1)·Ph4PBr, (1)·[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide, and two new polymorphs of (1)·Et3BuNBr. The cocrystals all feature moderately strong iodine–bromide halogen bonds. The crystal structure of pure [bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide is also reported. The results of a crystal engineering strategy of varying the size of the counter-cation are explored, and the features of the resulting framework materials are discussed. Given the potential utility of (1) in future crystal engineering applications, detailed NMR analyses (in solution and in the solid state) of this halogen-bond donor are also presented. In solution, complex13C and19F multiplets are explained by considering the delicate interplay between variousJcouplings and subtle isotope shifts. In the solid state, the formation of (1)·Et3BuNBr is shown through significant13C chemical shift changes relative to pure solid 1,3,5-tris(iodoethynyl)-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene.
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12
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Szell PMJ, Gabriel SA, Gill RDD, Wan SYH, Gabidullin B, Bryce DL. 13C and 19F solid-state NMR and X-ray crystallographic study of halogen-bonded frameworks featuring nitrogen-containing heterocycles. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:157-167. [PMID: 28257009 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616015023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is a noncovalent interaction between the electrophilic region of a halogen (σ-hole) and an electron donor. We report a crystallographic and structural analysis of halogen-bonded compounds by applying a combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) approach. Single-crystal XRD was first used to characterize the halogen-bonded cocrystals formed between two fluorinated halogen-bond donors (1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene and 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene) and several nitrogen-containing heterocycles (acridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, and hexamethylenetetramine). New structures are reported for the following three cocrystals, all in the P21/c space group: acridine-1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (1/1), C6F3I3·C13H9N, 1,10-phenanthroline-1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (1/1), C6F3I3·C12H8N2, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (1/1), C6F3I3·C8H12N2. 13C and 19F solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR is shown to be a convenient method to characterize the structural features of the halogen-bond donor and acceptor, with chemical shifts attributable to cocrystal formation observed in the spectra of both nuclides. Cross polarization (CP) from 19F to 13C results in improved spectral sensitivity in characterizing the perfluorinated halogen-bond donor when compared to conventional 1H CP. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory (GIPAW DFT) calculations of magnetic shielding constants, along with optimization of the XRD structures, provide a final set of structures in best agreement with the experimental 13C and 19F chemical shifts. Data for carbons bonded to iodine remain outliers due to well-known relativistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M J Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shaina A Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Russell D D Gill
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shirley Y H Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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13
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Aubert E, Espinosa E, Nicolas I, Jeannin O, Fourmigué M. Toward a reverse hierarchy of halogen bonding between bromine and iodine. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:389-406. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We compare here the halogen bond characteristics of bimolecular adducts involving either N-bromo- or N-iodosaccharin as strong halogen bond donors, with 4-picoline as a common XB acceptor. In the NBSac·Pic system, the bromine atom of NBSac is displaced toward the picoline, almost at a median position between the two nitrogen atoms, NSac and N′Pic, with NSac⋯Br and Br⋯N′Pic distances at 2.073(6) and 2.098(6) Å respectively. This extreme situation contrasts with the analogous iodine derivative, NISac·Pic, where the NSac–I and I⋯N′Pic distances amount to 2.223(4) and 2.301(4) Å respectively. Periodic DFT calculations, and molecular calculations of adducts (PBEPBE-D2 aug-cc-pVTZ) either at the experimental frozen geometry or with optimization of the halogen position, indicate a more important degree of covalency (i.e. shared-shell character) in the adduct formed with the bromine atom. A stronger charge transfer to the picoline is also found for the bromine (+0.27 |e|) than for the iodine (+0.18 |e|) system. This inversion of halogen bond strength between I and Br finds its origin in the strong covalent character of the interaction in these adducts, in line with the strength of covalent N–Br and N–I bonds. Detailed characterization of the critical points (CPs) of the L(r) = −∇2ρ(r) function along bonding directions has permitted the adducts to be distinguished and they can be respectively described as “neutral” NISac/Pic and “intermediate” NSac/Br/Pic, the latter with Br being close to formal equivalent NSac⋯Br and Br⋯N′Pic interactions but still more associated to the XB donor than to the picoline, as indicated by the topological and energetic properties of the ρ(r) function at the bond critical points (BCPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Aubert
- Laboratoire CRM2
- UMR CNRS 7036
- Institut Jean Barriol
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Laboratoire CRM2
- UMR CNRS 7036
- Institut Jean Barriol
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
| | - Irène Nicolas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)
- UMR CNRS 6226
- Université de Rennes 1
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)
- UMR CNRS 6226
- Université de Rennes 1
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)
- UMR CNRS 6226
- Université de Rennes 1
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes
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