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Tang S, Yang T, Zhao Z, Zhu T, Zhang Q, Hou W, Yuan WZ. Nonconventional luminophores: characteristics, advancements and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12616-12655. [PMID: 34610056 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonconventional luminophores devoid of remarkable conjugates have attracted considerable attention due to their unique luminescence behaviors, updated luminescence mechanism of organics and promising applications in optoelectronic, biological and medical fields. Unlike classic luminogens consisting of molecular segments with greatly extended electron delocalization, these unorthodox luminophores generally possess nonconjugated structures based on subgroups such as ether (-O-), hydroxyl (-OH), halogens, carbonyl (CO), carboxyl (-COOH), cyano (CN), thioether (-S-), sulfoxide (SO), sulfone (OSO), phosphate, and aliphatic amine, as well as their grouped functionalities like amide, imide, anhydride and ureido. They can exhibit intriguing intrinsic luminescence, generally featuring concentration-enhanced emission, aggregation-induced emission, excitation-dependent luminescence and prevailing phosphorescence. Herein, we review the recent progress in exploring these nonconventional luminophores and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives. Notably, different mechanisms are reviewed and the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism is highlighted, which emphasizes the clustering of the above mentioned electron rich moieties and consequent electron delocalization along with conformation rigidification. The CTE mechanism seems widely applicable for diversified natural, synthetic and supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Tianjia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Tianwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wubeiwen Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Grover G, Weiss RG. Luminescent Behavior of Gels and Sols Comprised of Molecular Gelators. Gels 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 33671130 PMCID: PMC8005951 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a brief review of some important conceptual and practical aspects for the design and properties of molecular luminescent gelators and their gels. Topics considered include structural and dynamic aspects of the gels, including factors important to their ability to emit radiation from electronically excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
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Lin Q, Mao PP, Fan YQ, Jia PP, Liu J, Zhang YM, Yao H, Wei TB. Novel multi-analyte responsive ionic supramolecular gels based on pyridinium functionalized-naphthalimide. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7360-7364. [PMID: 28933493 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01624g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel ionic supramolecular gel (is-G) is synthesized using N-(pyridinium-4-yl)-naphthalimide (G1) and n-pentanoic acid. By rationally introducing competitive coordination into is-G, two ion coordinated ionic supramolecular gels is-IG and is-FeG (coordinated with I- and Fe3+, respectively) are obtained. is-IG could fluorescently "turn-on" detect Hg2+ and l-Arg with specific selectivity, whereas, is-FeG could accurately identify l-Ser via fluorescence in water. Moreover, ion or amino acid responsive films based on these ionic supramolecular gels are prepared. These ionic supramolecular gels and films could act as multi-analyte detection materials as well as fluorescent display materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
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Wang J, Yao M, Li Q, Yi S, Chen X. β-Cyclodextrin induced hierarchical self-assembly of a cationic surfactant bearing an adamantane end group in aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9641-9648. [PMID: 27858041 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A cationic surfactant with adamantane as the end group, 1-[11-((adamantane-1-carbonyl)oxy)-undecyl]pyridinium bromide (AP), has been synthesized. Its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) induced hierarchical self-assembling behaviors in aqueous solution were investigated using transmission or scanning electron microscopy methods and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Like conventional single chain surfactants, micelles could be formed by AP itself in dilute solutions. However, the dramatic phase transitions of these micelles occurred when host-guest inclusions between AP and β-CD were sequentially produced at different host/guest molar ratios (R), corresponding to the supramolecules with different chemical structures. The AP micelles could be changed into spherical unilamellar vesicles by adding β-CD to reach an R value of 1 : 1. Such vesicles then evolved into multi-wall nanotubes or hydrogels when the β-CD amount was further increased to obtain an R value of 2 : 1. The unique structural characteristics of these supramolecular aggregates come from their "monolayer-like" walls, which have rarely been reported in the past for CD/surfactant inclusion complexes. The interesting results obtained here not only enrich the β-CD/surfactant aggregation systems, but also provide a novel and facile strategy to tune the morphology and structure of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Meihuan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qintang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Sijing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Zhang M, Weiss RG. Insights into the Gelating Abilities of Ricinelaidic Acid and its Ammonium Salts: How do Stereochemistry, Charge, and Chain Lengths Control Gelation of a Long-Chain Alkenoic Acid? Chemphyschem 2016; 17:4059-4067. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; 37 & O Streets, NW Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; 37 & O Streets, NW Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology; Georgetown University; 37 & O Streets, NW Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
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