Understanding positive and negative deviations in polarity of ionic liquid mixtures by pseudo-solvent approach

Study on Extraction Performance of Vanadium (V) from Aqueous Solution by Octyl-Imidazole Ionic Liquids Extractants

It is worth it to explore the extraction performance for vanadium by the imidazole ionic liquids. The extraction of vanadium (V) was studied using [Omim]Cl, [Omim]Br, and [Omim][BF4] as extractants. The effects of various diluents, equilibrium time, extraction temperature, and anion species were investigated. The structure-activity relationship of vanadium and ILs was discussed by calculating the lattice energy of ILs based on the Glasser theory and the volume of anions. The results show that n-pentanol is the optimum diluent. Under the extraction conditions of an equilibrium time of 60 s and extraction temperature of 25 °C, the extraction rates of V (V) by [Omim]Cl, [Omim]Br, and [Omim][BF4] reached 97.93%, 96.59%, and 87.01%, respectively. Furthermore, based on the Glasser theory, the lattice energy of ionic liquids decreased in the order [Omim]Cl > [Omim]Br > [Omim]BF4. The volume of the anions increased in the order Cl− < Br− < BF4− < HVO42−. The extraction rate of V (V) depended on the size of the anions and the strength of the interaction between the anion and imidazolium cation. The results of counterevidence experiments verified the larger the anion volume, the easier it is to combine with cation in the organic phase, and the lattice energy of extracted compound is lower. The statistical analysis showed that the effect of the equilibrium time and temperature were not significant in the model, and the anions species showed a significant effect on the extraction efficiency of V (V).

Solvation properties of protic ionic liquids and molecular solvents

Ionic liquids (ILs) are highly tailorable solvents with many potential applications. Knowledge about their solvation properties is highly beneficial in the utilization of ILs for specific tasks, though for many ILs this is currently unknown.

Solvation properties of protic ionic liquid–molecular solvent mixtures

In this study, we have investigated the solvation properties of binary mixtures of PILs with molecular solvents. The selected binary solvent systems are the PILs ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN) combined with either water, methanol, acetonitrile or DMSO.

Introducing the Bipolar Solvent Media Using the Aqueous Mixtures of Amino Acid Anion-Based Ionic Liquids

To carry out a chemical reaction between the reactants with largely different polarities, it becomes important to have a reaction medium that possesses both the polar and nonpolar solvation environments. In an attempt to explore the reaction media with such unique polarity properties, the present study provides a thorough understanding of the bipolar solvent media using the aqueous mixtures of amino acid anion-based ionic liquids. The highly polar behavior of the binary mixtures used in the study has been ascribed to the pure ionic liquid state. However, the less polar solvation shells have been attributed to the presence of a neutral form of the anions. Addition of water in the amino acid anion-based ionic liquids causes the protonation of a certain fraction of the anions of the ionic liquids, resulting into the formation of a less polar nonionic protonated form along with the highly polar natural anionic form. This results into the formation of two solvation spheres with different polarities, which can be seen very clearly from the presence of two absorption bands (lower wavelength absorption band and higher wavelength absorption band) in the UV-vis absorption spectrum of Reichardt's E_T(30) dye and two emission bands (lower wavelength emission band and higher wavelength emission band) in the fluorescence emission spectrum of C481 dye. The values of the E_T^N polarity parameter corresponding to the two solvation shells having different polarities have been calculated from the deconvoluted absorption spectra of the Reichardt's E_T(30) and were analyzed in three amino acid anion-based ionic liquids. Generation of the neutral form of anions in the aqueous mixtures formed via a protonation transfer reaction has been confirmed by the ¹H NMR spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectrum of 18DHAQ dye. The study also establishes that the Reichardt's E_T(30) dye can be used as a valid polarity probe to study the solvatochromic behavior of the binary mixtures of amino acid-based ionic liquids.