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Chen Y, Zhang C, Wang K, Li M, Tang H, Cheng W, Yin J, Yi W. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Three-Component Annulation for the Synthesis of 3-Acyl Imidazo[1, 5- a]Pyridines from 2-Pyridinyl-Substituted p-Quinone Methides, Terminal Alkynes, and TsN 3 Using O 2 as the Oxygen Source. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5423-5433. [PMID: 38557074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Currently, most conventional methods to achieve imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines have limitations for the synthesis of 3-acyl imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. Herein, a novel and efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed three-component annulation method for the synthesis of valuable 3-acyl imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines by the reaction of 2-pyridinyl-substituted p-QMs, terminal alkynes, and TsN3 in the presence of O2 under mild conditions have successfully been developed. The investigation indicated that molecular oxygen (O2) and TsN3, respectively, serving as oxygen and nitrogen sources, were essential for the successful completion of the reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Wen Cheng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Shanghai No.4 Reagent Chemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201512, P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
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2
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Wang LX, Cheng SC, Liu Y, Leung CF, Liu JY, Ko CC, Lau TC, Xiang J. Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence of Cu(I) complexes containing new functionalized 1,2,3-triazole ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16032-16042. [PMID: 37850402 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of a triazole ligand, 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (L1), with 2-bromopyridine afforded three new ligands, 2,2'-(1H-1,2,3-triazole-1,4-diyl)dipyridine (L2), 2,2'-(2H-1,2,3-triazole-2,4-diyl)dipyridine (L3) and 2,2'-(1H-1,2,3-triazole-1,5-diyl)dipyridine (L4). A series of luminescent mononuclear copper(I) complexes of these ligands [Cu(Ln)(P^P)](ClO4) [n = 1, P^P = (PPh3)2 (1); n = 1, P^P = POP (2); n = 2, P^P = (PPh3)2 (3); n = 2, P^P = POP (4); n = 3, P^P = (PPh3)2 (5); n = 3, P^P = POP (6); n = 4, P^P = (PPh3)2 (9); n = 4, P^P = POP (10)] have been obtained from the reaction of Ln with [Cu(MeCN)4]ClO4 in the presence of PPh3 and POP. L3 was also found to form dinuclear compounds [Cu2(L3)(PPh3)4](ClO4)2 (7) and [Cu2(L3)(POP)2](ClO4)2 (8). All of the Cu(I) compounds have been characterized by IR, UV/vis, CV, 1H NMR, and 31P{1H} NMR. The molecular structures of 1-3, 5, and 7 have been further determined by X-ray crystallography. In CH2Cl2 solutions, these Cu(I) complexes exhibit tunable green to orange emissions (563-621 nm) upon excitation at λex = 380 nm. In the solid state, these complexes show intense emissions and it is interesting to note that 1 and 3 are blue-light emitters. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the lowest energy electronic transition associated with these complexes predominantly originates from metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions (MLCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Fai Leung
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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3
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Cerrato V, Volpi G, Priola E, Giordana A, Garino C, Rabezzana R, Diana E. Mono-, Bis-, and Tris-Chelate Zn(II) Complexes with Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine: Luminescence and Structural Dependence. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093703. [PMID: 37175116 PMCID: PMC10179938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New mono-, bis-, and tris-chelate Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized starting from different Zn(II) salts and employing a fluorescent 1,3-substituted-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine as a chelating ligand. The products have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; mass spectrometry; and vibrational spectroscopy. The optical properties have been investigated to compare the performances of mono-, bis-, and tris-chelate forms. The collected data (in the solid state and in solution) elucidate an important modification of the ligand conformation upon metal coordination; which is responsible for a notable increase in the optical performance. An intense modification of the emission quantum yield along the series in the solid state is observed comparing mono-, bis-, and tris-chelate adducts; independently from the anionic ligand introduced by ionic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Priola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Rabezzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Eliano Diana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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4
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Zhang Q, Yang Y, Liu Y. Recognition mechanism of imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine-based fluorescence probe towards thiophenols with multi-mechanisms of PET and ESIPT. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Chaudhran PA, Sharma A. Progress in the Development of Imidazopyridine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Diverse Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-18. [PMID: 36562726 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2158720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Different classes of Imidazopyridine i.e., Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, Imidazo[1,5-a] pyridine, Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, have shown versatile applications in various fields. In this review, we have concisely presented the usefulness of the fluorescent property of imidazopyridine in different fields such as imaging tools, optoelectronics, metal ion detection, etc. Fluorescence mechanisms such as excited state intramolecular proton transfer, photoinduced electron transfer, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, etc. are incorporated in the designed fluorophore to make it for fluorescent applications. It has been widely employed for metal ion detection, where selective metal ion detection is possible with triazole-attached imidazopyridine, β-carboline imidazopyridine hybrid, quinoline conjugated imidazopyridine, and many more. Also, other popular applications involve organic light emitting diodes and cell imaging. This review shed a light on recent development in this area especially focusing on the optical properties of the molecules with their usage which would be helpful in designing application-based new imidazopyridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti AshokKumar Chaudhran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Centrella B, Deplano G, Damin A, Signorile M, Tortora M, Barolo C, Bonomo M, Bordiga S. A multi-technique approach to unveil the redox behaviour and potentiality of homoleptic Cu I complexes based on substituted bipyridine ligands in oxygenation reactions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14439-14451. [PMID: 35904361 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of differently substituted 2,2'-bipyridine ligands (i.e. 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine and 2,2'-bipyridine) on the reversible oxidation of the resulting CuI homoleptic complexes is investigated by means of a multi-technique approach (electronic and vibrational spectroscopies, DFT, electrochemistry). Among the four tested complexes, [CuI(6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2] (PF6) shows a peculiar behavior when oxidized with an organic peroxide (i.e. tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tBuOOH). The simultaneous use of UV-Vis-NIR and Raman spectroscopy methods and cyclovoltammetry, supported by DFT based calculations, allowed identifying (i) the change in the oxidation state of the copper ion and (ii) some peculiar modification in the local structure of the metal leading to the formation of a [CuIIOH]+ species. The latter, being able to oxidize a model molecule (i.e. cyclohexene) and showing the restoration of the original CuI complex and the formation of cyclohexanone, confirms the potential of these simple homoleptic CuI complexes as model catalysts for partial oxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Centrella
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM reference center, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Deplano
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM reference center, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Damin
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM reference center, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Matteo Signorile
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM reference center, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Tortora
- AREA SCIENCE PARK, Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 114 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM reference center, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy. .,ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM reference center, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM reference center, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
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8
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Meena N, Dhiman S, Rangan K, Kumar A. Cobalt-catalyzed tandem one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted imidazo[1,5- a]pyridines and imidazo[1,5- a]isoquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4215-4223. [PMID: 35546113 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cobalt-catalyzed tandem one-pot method has been developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazo[1,5-a]-N-heteroaromatics. The method involves Knoevenagel condensation followed by cobalt-catalyzed direct alkenylation to give the desired polysubstituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines and imidazo[1,5-a]isoquinolines in a one-pot manner. This method exhibits a broad substrate scope, provides moderate to good (39-74%) yields and is amenable to scale-up to the gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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9
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Zeng K, Ye J, Meng X, Dechert S, Simon M, Gong S, Mata RA, Zhang K. Anomeric Stereoauxiliary Cleavage of the C−N Bond of
d
‐Glucosamine for the Preparation of Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200648. [PMID: 35319128 PMCID: PMC9325398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The targeted cleavage of the C−N bonds of alkyl primary amines in sustainable compounds of biomass according to a metal‐free pathway and the conjunction of nitrogen in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines are still highly challenging. Despite tremendous progress in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines over the past decade, many of them can still not be efficiently prepared. Herein, we report an anomeric stereoauxiliary approach for the synthesis of a wide range of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines after cleaving the C−N bond of d‐glucosamine (α‐2° amine) from biobased resources. This new approach expands the scope of readily accessible imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines relative to existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. A key strategic advantage of this approach is that the α‐anomer of d‐glucosamine enables C−N bond cleavage via a seven‐membered ring transition state. By using this novel method, a series of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives (>80 examples) was synthesized from pyridine ketones (including para‐dipyridine ketone) and aldehydes (including para‐dialdehyde). Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives containing diverse important deuterated C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H bonds were also efficiently achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zeng
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jin Ye
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Xintong Meng
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Shuaiyu Gong
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Georg-August-University of Göttingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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10
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Volpi G. Luminescent imidazo[1,5‐a] pyridine scaffold: synthetic heterocyclization strategies overview and promising applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Volpi
- University of Turin: Universita degli Studi di Torino Chemistry ITALY
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11
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Priola E, Conterosito E, Giordana A, Volpi G, Garino C, Andreo L, Diana E, Barolo C, Milanesio M. Polymorphism and solid state peculiarities in imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine core deriving compounds: An analysis of energetic and structural driving forces. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Housecroft CE, Constable EC. TADF: Enabling luminescent copper(i) coordination compounds for light-emitting electrochemical cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:4456-4482. [PMID: 35433007 PMCID: PMC8944257 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc04028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a surge of interest in the emissive behaviour of copper(i) coordination compounds, both neutral compounds that may have applications in organic light-emitting doides (OLEDs) and copper-based ionic transition metal complexes (Cu-iTMCs) with potential use in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). One of the most exciting features of copper(i) coordination compounds is their possibility to exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in which the energy separation of the excited singlet (S1) and excited triplet (T1) states is very small, permitting intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) to occur at room temperature without the requirement for the large spin-orbit coupling inferred by the presence of a heavy metal such as iridium. In this review, we focus mainly in Cu-iTMCs, and illustrate how the field of luminescent compounds and those exhibiting TADF has developed. Copper(i) coordination compounds that class as Cu-iTMCs include those containing four-coordinate [Cu(P^P)(N^N)]+ (P^P = large-bite angle bisphosphane, and N^N is typically a diimine), [Cu(P)2(N^N)]+ (P = monodentate phosphane ligand), [Cu(P)(tripodal-N3)]+, [Cu(P)(N^N)(N)]+ (N = monodentate N-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(N^S)]+ (N^S = chelating N,S-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(P^S)]+ (P^S = chelating P,S-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(NHC)]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) coordination domains, dinuclear complexes with P^P and N^N ligands, three-coordinate [Cu(N^N)(NHC)]+ and two-coordinate [Cu(N)(NHC)]+ complexes. We pay particular attention to solid-state structural features, e.g. π-stacking interactions and other inter-ligand interactions, which may impact on photoluminescence quantum yields. Where emissive Cu-iTMCs have been tested in LECs, we detail the device architectures, and this emphasizes differences which make it difficult to compare LEC performances from different investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058-Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058-Basel Switzerland
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13
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Cavinato LM, Wölfl S, Pöthig A, Fresta E, Garino C, Fernandez-Cestau J, Barolo C, Costa RD. Multivariate Analysis Identifying [Cu(N^N)(P^P)] + Design and Device Architecture Enables First-Class Blue and White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109228. [PMID: 35034407 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
White light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) comprising only [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ have not been reported yet, as all the attempts toward blue-emitting complexes failed. Multivariate analysis, based on prior-art [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ -based thin-film lighting (>90 papers) and refined with computational calculations, identifies the best blue-emitting [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ design for LECs, that is, N^N: 2-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine and P^P: 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene, to achieve predicted thin-film emission at 490 nm and device performance of 3.8 cd A-1 @170 cd m-2 . Validation comes from synthesis, X-ray structure, thin-film spectroscopic/microscopy/electrochemical characterization, and device optimization, realizing the first [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ -based blue-LEC with 3.6 cd A-1 @180 cd m-2 . This represents a record performance compared to the state-of-the-art tricoordinate Cu(I)-complexes blue-LECs (0.17 cd A-1 @20 cd m-2 ). Versatility is confirmed with the synthesis of the analogous complex with 2-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazine (N^N), showing a close prediction/experiment match: λ = 590/580 nm; efficiency = 0.55/0.60 cd A-1 @30 cd m-2 . Finally, experimental design is applied to fabricate the best white multicomponent host:guest LEC, reducing the number of trial-error attempts toward the first white all-[Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ -LECs with 0.6 cd A-1 @30 cd m-2 . This corresponds to approximately ten-fold enhancement compared to previous LECs (<0.05 cd A-1 @<12 cd m-2 ). Hence, this work sets in the first multivariate approach to design emitters/active layers, accomplishing first-class [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ -based blue/white LECs that were previously elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca M Cavinato
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Sarah Wölfl
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Julio Fernandez-Cestau
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, Turin, 10125, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Lungo Dora Siena 100, Turin, 10153, Italy
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
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14
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Colombo G, Attilio Ardizzoia G, Brenna S. Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-based derivatives as highly fluorescent dyes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Mononuclear copper(I) complexes bearing 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and functional 6-Cyano-2,2′-bipyridine ligands. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Diana E, Priola E, Marabello D, Giordana A, Andreo J, Freire PTC, Benzi P, Operti L, Andreo L, Curetti N, Benna P. Crystal engineering of aurophilic supramolecular architectures and coordination polymers based on butterfly-like Copper-dicyanoaurate complexes: vapochromism, P-T behaviour and multi-metallic cocrystal formation. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00964h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the equilibrium properties of CuII in the presence of the chelating ligand and the characteristics of the dicyanoaurate anion, we were able to obtain a family of 10 bimetallic...
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17
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Meyer M, Mardegan L, Tordera D, Prescimone A, Sessolo M, Bolink HJ, Constable EC, Housecroft CE. A counterion study of a series of [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][A] compounds with bis(phosphane) and 6-methyl and 6,6'-dimethyl-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine ligands for light-emitting electrochemical cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17920-17934. [PMID: 34757348 PMCID: PMC8669729 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and characterisations of a series of heteroleptic copper(I) compounds [Cu(POP)(Mebpy)][A], [Cu(POP)(Me2bpy)][A], [Cu(xantphos)(Mebpy)][A] and [Cu(xantphos)(Me2bpy)][A] in which [A]- is [BF4]-, [PF6]-, [BPh4]- and [BArF4]- (Mebpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Me2bpy = 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, POP = oxydi(2,1-phenylene)bis(diphenylphosphane), xantphos = (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane), [BArF4]- = tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) are reported. Nine of the compounds have been characterised by single crystal X-ray crystallography, and the consequences of the different anions on the packing interactions in the solid state are discussed. The effects of the counterion on the photophysical properties of [Cu(POP)(N^N)][A] and [Cu(xantphos)(N^N)][A] (N^N = Mebpy and Me2bpy) have been investigated. In the solid-state emission spectra, the highest energy emission maxima are for [Cu(xantphos)(Mebpy)][BPh4] and [Cu(xantphos)(Me2bpy)][BPh4] (λemmax = 520 nm) whereas the lowest energy λemmax values occur for [Cu(POP)(Mebpy)][PF6] and [Cu(POP)(Mebpy)][BPh4] (565 nm and 563 nm, respectively). Photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) are noticeably affected by the counterion; in the [Cu(xantphos)(Me2bpy)][A] series, solid-state PLQY values decrease from 62% for [PF6]-, to 44%, 35% and 27% for [BF4]-, [BPh4]- and [BArF4]-, respectively. This latter series of compounds was used as active electroluminescent materials on light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The luminophores were mixed with ionic liquids (ILs) [EMIM][A] ([EMIM]+ = [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium]+) containing the same or different counterions than the copper(I) complex. LECs containing [Cu(xantphos)(Me2bpy)][BPh4] and [Cu(xantphos)(Me2bpy)][BArF4] failed to turn on under the LEC operating conditions, whereas those with the smaller [PF6]- or [BF4]- counterions had rapid turn-on times and exhibited maximum luminances of 173 and 137 cd m-2 and current efficiencies of 3.5 and 2.6 cd A-1, respectively, when the IL contained the same counterion as the luminophore. Mixing the counterions ([PF6]- and [BF4]-) of the active complex and the IL led to a reduction in all the figures of merit of the LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lorenzo Mardegan
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Daniel Tordera
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Dipyridylmethane Ethers as Ligands for Luminescent Ir Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237161. [PMID: 34885742 PMCID: PMC8659258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports two new cationic heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium complexes, containing ether derivatives of di(pyridin-2-yl)methanol. The new ligands are based on dipyridin-2-ylmethane and are designed to obtain ether-based intermediates with extended electronic conjugation by insertion of π system such as phenyl, allyl and ethynyl. Different synthetic strategies were employed to introduce these units, as molecular wires, between the dipyridin-2-ylmethane chelating portion and the terminal N-containing functional group, such as amine and carbamide. The corresponding complexes show luminescence in the blue region of the spectrum, lifetimes between 0.6 and 2.1 μs, high quantum yield and good electrochemical behavior. The computational description (DFT) of the electronic structure highlights the key role of the conjugated π systems on optical and electrochemical properties of the final products.
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19
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Seidler B, Sittig M, Zens C, Tran JH, Müller C, Zhang Y, Schneider KRA, Görls H, Schubert A, Gräfe S, Schulz M, Dietzek B. Modulating the Excited-State Decay Pathways of Cu(I) 4 H-Imidazolate Complexes by Excitation Wavelength and Ligand Backbone. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11498-11511. [PMID: 34617757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I) 4H-imidazolato complexes are excellent photosensitizers with broad and intense light absorption properties, based on an earth-abundant metal, and hold great promise as photosensitizers in artificial photosynthesis and for accumulation of redox equivalents. In this study, the excited-state relaxation dynamics of three novel heteroleptic Cu(I) 4H-imidazolato complexes with phenyl, tolyl, and mesityl side groups are systematically investigated by femtosecond and nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical methods, complemented by steady-state absorption spectroscopy and (spectro)electrochemistry. After photoexcitation into the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and intraligand charge transfer absorption band, fast (0.6-1 ps) intersystem crossing occurs into the triplet MLCT manifold. The triplet-state population relaxes via the geometrical planarization of the N-aryl rings on the Cu(I) 4H-imidazolato complexes. Depending on the initial Franck-Condon state, the remaining small singlet state population relaxes into two geometrically distinct minima geometries with similar energy, S1/2,relax and S3/4,relax. Subsequent ground-state recovery from S1/2,relax and internal conversion from S3/4,relax to S1/2,relax take place on a 100 ps time scale. The internal conversion can be understood as hole transfer from a dyz-orbital to a dxz-orbital, which is accompanied with the structural reorganization of the coordination environment. Generally, the photophysical processes are determined by the steric hindrance of the side groups on the ligands. And the excited singlet-state pathways are dependent on the excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Sittig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Zens
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens H Tran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kilian R A Schneider
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schubert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (Fraunhofer IOF), Albert-Einstein-Str.7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Centre for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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20
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Synthesis, structures, DFT studies and luminescent properties of copper(I)-diimine complexes and application in yellow-green light-emitting diode. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Colombo G, Attilio Ardizzoia G, Furrer J, Therrien B, Brenna S. Driving the Emission Towards Blue by Controlling the HOMO-LUMO Energy Gap in BF 2 -Functionalized 2-(Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)phenols. Chemistry 2021; 27:12380-12387. [PMID: 34160858 PMCID: PMC8456857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several boron compounds with 2-(imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)phenols, differentiated by the nature of the substituent (R) in the para position of the hydroxy group, have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized both in solution (1 H, 13 C, 11 B, 19 F NMR) and in the solid state (X-ray). All derivatives displayed attractive photophysical properties like very high Stokes shift, high fluorescence quantum yields and a good photostability in solution. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations allowed to define the main electronic transitions as intra ligand transitions (1 ILT), which was corroborated by the Natural Transition Orbitals (NTOs) shapes. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap was correlated to the electronic properties of the substituent R on the phenolic ring, as quantified by its σp Hammett constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Colombo
- Department of Science and High TechnologyUniversity of InsubriaVia Valleggio, 922100ComoItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC)BariItaly
| | - G. Attilio Ardizzoia
- Department of Science and High TechnologyUniversity of InsubriaVia Valleggio, 922100ComoItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC)BariItaly
| | - Julien Furrer
- Department für ChemieBiochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of ChemistryUniversité de NeuchâtelAvenue de Bellevaux 512000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Stefano Brenna
- Department of Science and High TechnologyUniversity of InsubriaVia Valleggio, 922100ComoItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC)BariItaly
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22
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Optical and Theoretical Characterization of Novel 2-(imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-1-yl)pyridinium Salts. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine scaffolds and derivatives have attracted growing attention due to their unique chemical structure and optical behaviors. In this work, a series of pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives and their corresponding pyridinium salts were synthesized and their optical properties investigated to evaluate the effect of the quaternization on the optical features both in solution and polymeric matrix. A critical analysis based on the spectroscopic data, chemical structures along with density functional theory calculation is reported to address the best strategies to prevent aggregation and optimize the photophysical properties. The obtained results describe the relationship between chemical structure and optical behaviors, highlighting the role of pendant pyridine. Finally, the presence of a positive charge is fundamental to avoid any possible aggregation process in polymeric films.
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23
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Schlingman K, Chen Y, Carmichael RS, Carmichael TB. 25 Years of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells: A Flexible and Stretchable Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006863. [PMID: 33852176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are simple electroluminescent devices comprising an emissive material containing mobile ions sandwiched between two electrodes. The operating mechanism of the LEC involves both ionic and electronic transport, distinguishing it from its more well-known cousin, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED). While OLEDs have become a leading player in commercial displays, LECs have flourished in academic research due to the simple device architecture and unique features of its operating mechanism, inviting exploration of new materials and fabrication strategies. These explorations have brought LECs to an exciting frontier in advanced optoelectronics: flexible and stretchable light-emitting devices. Flexible and stretchable LECs are discussed herein, presenting the LEC system as a robust and fault-tolerant development platform. The engineering of emissive composites is highlighted to control mechanical properties, and how the tolerance of LECs to electrode work function and roughness has enabled the incorporation of new electrode materials to achieve flexibility and stretchability. As part of this story, the solution processability of LECs has led to exciting demonstrations of flexible and printed LECs. An outlook is provided for LECs that builds on these strengths, potentially leading to flexible, stretchable, low-cost devices such as illuminated tags, smart packaging, flexible signage, and wearable illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory Schlingman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yiting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - R Stephen Carmichael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Tricia Breen Carmichael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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24
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Emami M, Shahroosvand H, Bikas R, Lis T, Daneluik C, Pilkington M. Synthesis, Study, and Application of Pd(II) Hydrazone Complexes as the Emissive Components of Single-Layer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:982-994. [PMID: 33404233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, square planar Pd(II) complexes of hydrazone ligands have been investigated as the emissive components of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The neutral transition metal complex, [Pd(L1)2]·2CH3OH (1), (HL1 = (E)-N'-(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)isonicotinhydrazide), was prepared and structurally characterized. Complex 1 displays quasireversible redox properties and is emissive at room temperature in solution with a λmax of 590 nm. As a result, it was subsequently employed as the emissive material of a single-layer LEC with configuration FTO/1/Ga/In, where studies reveal that it has a yellow color with CIE(x, y) = (0.33, 0.55), a luminance of 134 cd cm-2, and a turn-on voltage of 3.5 V. Protonation of the pendant pyridine nitrogen atoms of L1 afforded a second ionic complex [Pd(L1H)2](ClO4)2 (2) which is also emissive at room temperature with a λmax of 611 nm, resulting in an orange LEC with CIE(x, y) = (0.43, 0.53). The presence of mobile anions and cations in the second inorganic transition metal complex resulted in more efficient charge injection and transport which significantly improved the luminance and turn-on voltage of the device to 188.6 cd cm-2 and 3 V, respectively. This study establishes Pd(II) hydrazone complexes as a new class of materials whose emissive properties can be chemically tuned and provides proof-of-concept for their use in LECs, opening up exciting new avenues for potential applications in the field of solid state lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Emami
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hashem Shahroosvand
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rahman Bikas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818 Qazvin, Iran
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Cody Daneluik
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
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25
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Pathaw L, Khamrang T, Selvakumaran B, Murali M, Arul Prakash P, Mohamed Jaabir MS, Velusamy M. Synthesis, structure, characterization and biological evaluation of 3‐substituted 1‐pyridin‐2‐ylimidazo[1,5‐
a
]pyridine‐based copper(I)–phosphine complexes for anticancer drug screening. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larica Pathaw
- Department of Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
| | | | - Balasubramaniam Selvakumaran
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Mariappan Murali
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Pitchan Arul Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | | | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
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26
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Volpi G, Rabezzana R. Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine derivatives: useful, luminescent and versatile scaffolds for different applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine nuclei and derivatives have attracted growing attention due to their unique chemical structure and versatility, optical behaviours, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Turin
- 7 - 10125 Turin
- Italy
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27
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Giordano M, Volpi G, Bonomo M, Mariani P, Garino C, Viscardi G. Methoxy-substituted copper complexes as possible redox mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methoxy-substituted aromatic diimines and corresponding homoleptic copper(i) and copper(ii) complexes as possible redox mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- CHOSE and Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Viscardi
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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28
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Volpi G, Priola E, Garino C, Daolio A, Rabezzana R, Benzi P, Giordana A, Diana E, Gobetto R. Blue fluorescent zinc(II) complexes based on tunable imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Fresta E, Dosso J, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Bonifazi D, Costa RD. Revealing the Impact of Heat Generation Using Nanographene-Based Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28426-28434. [PMID: 32476401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-heating in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) has been long overlooked, while it has a significant impact on (i) device chromaticity by changing the electroluminescent band shape, (ii) device efficiency because of thermal quenching and exciton dissociation reducing the external quantum efficiency (EQE), and (iii) device stability because of thermal degradation of excitons and eliminate doped species, phase separation, and collapse of the intrinsic emitting zone. Herein, we reveal, for the first time, a direct relationship between self-heating and the early changes in the device chromaticity as well as the magnitude of the error comparing theoretical/experimental EQEs-that is, an overestimation error of ca. 35% at usual pixel working temperatures of around 50 °C. This has been realized in LECs using a benchmark nanographene-that is, a substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-as an emerging class of emitters with outstanding device performance compared to the prior art of small-molecule LECs-for example, luminances of 345 cd/m2 and EQEs of 0.35%. As such, this work is a fundamental contribution highlighting how self-heating is a critical limitation toward the optimization and wide use of LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fresta
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, E-28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacopo Dosso
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT Cardiff, Great Britain
| | | | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT Cardiff, Great Britain
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rubén D Costa
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, E-28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Patil SG, Jadhav JS, Sankpal ST. Mg 3N 2-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11808-11815. [PMID: 35496590 PMCID: PMC9050600 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Mg3N2-assisted one-pot annulation strategy has been developed via cyclo-condensation reaction of 2-pyridyl ketones with alkyl glyoxylates or aldehydes, allowing the formation of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines exclusively with an exellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas G Patil
- Sant Rawool Maharaj Mahavidyalaya Kudal 416520 MS India.,Department of Chemistry, ASP College Devrukh Ratnagiri 415804 MS India +91 2354 260 058
| | | | - Sagar T Sankpal
- Department of Chemistry, ASP College Devrukh Ratnagiri 415804 MS India +91 2354 260 058
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31
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Brandl T, Kerzig C, Le Pleux L, Prescimone A, Wenger OS, Mayor M. Improved Photostability of a Cu I Complex by Macrocyclization of the Phenanthroline Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:3119-3128. [PMID: 31794079 PMCID: PMC7079024 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular materials for conversion of solar energy into electricity and fuels is one of the most active research areas, in which the light absorber plays a key role. While copper(I)‐bis(diimine) complexes [CuI(L)2]+ are considered as potent substitutes for [RuII(bpy)3]2+, they exhibit limited structural integrity as ligand loss by substitution can occur. In this article, we present a new concept to stabilize copper bis(phenanthroline) complexes by macrocyclization of the ligands which are preorganized around the CuI ion. Using oxidative Hay acetylene homocoupling conditions, several CuI complexes with varying bridge length were prepared and analyzed. Absorption and emission properties are assessed; rewardingly, the envisioned approach was successful since the flexible 1,4‐butadiyl‐bridged complex does show enhanced MLCT absorption and emission, as well as improved photostability upon irradiation with a blue LED compared to a reference complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brandl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Le Pleux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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32
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Keller S, Prescimone A, La Placa MG, Junquera-Hernández JM, Bolink HJ, Constable EC, Sessolo M, Ortí E, Housecroft CE. The shiny side of copper: bringing copper(i) light-emitting electrochemical cells closer to application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22631-22644. [PMID: 35514545 PMCID: PMC9054616 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03824e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroleptic [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6] complexes, where N^N is 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (5,5′-Me2bpy), 4,5,6-trimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (4,5,6-Me3bpy), 6-(tert-butyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (6-tBubpy) and 2-ethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2-Etphen) and P^P is either bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)ether (POP, PIN [oxydi(2,1-phenylene)]bis(diphenylphosphane)) or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xantphos, PIN (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane)) have been synthesized and their NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, structural, electrochemical and photophysical properties were investigated. The single-crystal structures of [Cu(POP)(5,5′-Me2bpy)][PF6], [Cu(xantphos)(5,5′-Me2bpy)][PF6], [Cu(POP)(6-tBubpy)][PF6], [Cu(POP)(4,5,6-Me3bpy)][PF6]·1.5Et2O, [Cu(xantphos)(4,5,6-Me3bpy)][PF6]·2.33CH2Cl2, [Cu(POP)(2-Etphen)][PF6] and [Cu(xantphos)(2-Etphen)][PF6] are described. While alkyl substituents in general exhibit electron-donating properties, variation in the nature and substitution-position of the alkyl group in the N^N chelate leads to different effects in the photophysical properties of the [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6] complexes. In the solid state, the complexes are yellow to green emitters with emission maxima between 518 and 602 nm, and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) ranging from 1.1 to 58.8%. All complexes show thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The complexes were employed in the active layer of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The device performance properties are among the best reported for copper-based LECs, with maximum luminance values of up to 462 cd m−2 and device half-lifetimes of up to 98 hours. Heteroleptic copper(i) complexes with bisphosphanes and astutely tuned N^N chelating ligands as emitters give bright LECs with record-breaking stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keller
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Henk J. Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | | | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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33
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Wang WM, Ju P, Jing MH, Yu P, Huang Q. Synthesis and Characterization of Three New Emissive Mononuclear CuI Heteroleptic Complexes with Functionalized 6-Cyano-2,2′-bipyridine Chelating Ligands. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new series of luminescent mononuclear CuI complexes with functionalized 6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine chelating ligands, [Cu(xantphos)(cbpy)]ClO4 (1), [Cu(xantphos)(4,4’-Me2cbpy)]ClO4·CH2Cl2·H2O (2), and [Cu(POP)(cbpy)]ClO4·CH2Cl2 (3) (xantphos=4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene; POP=bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether; 4,4’-Me2cbpy=4,4’-dimethyl-6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine; cbpy=6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine) have been successfully prepared, and their structures and photophysical properties are investigated. Single crystal structures of the three complexes reveal a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry around the CuI centres with the P atoms of diphosphane ligands and N donors of 2,2′-bipyridine ring. Luminescence measurements indicate that these CuI complexes display good emission properties both in the solution and solid states at room temperature, which can be well modulated through modifying the structure of 6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine. It is shown that the introduction of two electron-donating methyl groups at the 4,4’-positions of the 6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine is favourable to enhance the luminescence properties of the CuI complexes.
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34
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Herr JM, Rössiger C, Albrecht G, Yanagi H, Göttlich R. Solvent-free microwave-assisted synthesis of imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine and –quinoline derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1650188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Martha Herr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carina Rössiger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georg Albrecht
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hisao Yanagi
- Department of Materials Science, NAIST, Nara, Japan
| | - Richard Göttlich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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35
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Ardizzoia GA, Colombo G, Therrien B, Brenna S. Tuning the Fluorescence Emission and HOMO-LUMO Band Gap in Homoleptic Zinc(II) Complexes with N
,O
-Bidentate (Imidazo[1,5-a
]pyrid-3-yl)phenols. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Attilio Ardizzoia
- Department of Science and High Technology; University of Insubria and CIRCC; Via Valleggio 9 - 22100 Como Italy
| | - Gioele Colombo
- Department of Science and High Technology; University of Insubria and CIRCC; Via Valleggio 9 - 22100 Como Italy
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Neuchâtel; Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH -2000, Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Stefano Brenna
- Department of Science and High Technology; University of Insubria and CIRCC; Via Valleggio 9 - 22100 Como Italy
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36
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Chen JL, Zeng XH, Ganesan P, He LH, Liao JS, Liu SJ, Wen HR, Zhao F, Chi Y. Heterobimetallic copper(i) complexes bearing both 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and functionalized 3-(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper(i) 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene complexes are well regulated by functional 3-(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole exhibiting mono-anionic η2(N1,N2) and neutral η2(N1,N2) and η2(N1,N4) chelating modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
| | - Xue-Hua Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Paramaguru Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry and Low Carbon Energy Research Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua He
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Sheng Liao
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Sui-Jun Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - He-Rui Wen
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Low Carbon Energy Research Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
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37
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Zhang P, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yu H, Ding C. ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for cysteine sensing with large Stokes shift over homocysteine and glutathione and its application in living cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An HBT-based fluorescent probe for Cys with a large Stokes shift and high selectivity was developed that operates by the ESIPT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Yuzhe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention
- Qingdao 266033
- P. R. China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
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38
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Pashaei B, Karimi S, Shahroosvand H, Abbasi P, Pilkington M, Bartolotta A, Fresta E, Fernandez-Cestau J, Costa RD, Bonaccorso F. Polypyridyl ligands as a versatile platform for solid-state light-emitting devices. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5033-5139. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of tuneable polypyridine complexes as the emissive components of OLED and LEC devices is presented, with a view to bridging the gap between molecular design and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pashaei
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Soheila Karimi
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Hashem Shahroosvand
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Parisa Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | | | | | - Elisa Fresta
- IMDEA Materials Institute
- Madrid
- Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
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39
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Ilmi R, Juma Al-busaidi I, Haque A, Khan MS. Recent progress in coordination chemistry, photo-physical properties, and applications of pyridine-based Cu(I) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1509070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ilmi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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40
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Keller S, Prescimone A, Bolink H, Sessolo M, Longo G, Martínez-Sarti L, Junquera-Hernández JM, Constable EC, Ortí E, Housecroft CE. Luminescent copper(i) complexes with bisphosphane and halogen-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2018. [PMID: 29790540 DOI: 10.1039/c8tc02882f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Heteroleptic [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6] complexes, where N^N is a halo-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and P^P is either bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)ether (POP) or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xantphos) have been synthesized and investigated. To stabilize the tetrahedral geometry of the copper(i) complexes, the steric demands of the bpy ligands have been increased by introducing 6- or 6,6'-halo-substituents in 6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine (6,6'-Cl2bpy), 6-bromo-2,2'-bipyridine (6-Brbpy) and 6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine (6,6'-Br2bpy). The solid-state structures of [Cu(POP)(6,6'-Cl2bpy)][PF6], [Cu(xantphos)(6,6'-Cl2bpy)][PF6]·CH2Cl2, [Cu(POP)(6-Brbpy)][PF6] and [Cu(xantphos)(6-Brbpy)][PF6]·0.7Et2O obtained from single crystal X-ray diffraction are described including the pressure dependence of the structure of [Cu(POP)(6-Brbpy)][PF6]. The copper(i) complexes with either POP or xantphos and 6,6'-Cl2bpy, 6-Brbpy and 6,6'-Br2bpy are orange-to-red emitters in solution and yellow-to-orange emitters in the solid state, and their electrochemical and photophysical properties have been evaluated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The emission properties are strongly influenced by the substitution pattern that largely affects the geometry of the emitting triplet state. [Cu(POP)(6,6'-Cl2bpy)][PF6] and [Cu(xantphos)(6,6'-Cl2bpy)][PF6] show photoluminescence quantum yields of 15 and 17%, respectively, in the solid state, and these compounds were tested as luminophores in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The devices exhibit orange electroluminescence and very short turn-on times (<5 to 12 s). Maximum luminance values of 121 and 259 cd m-2 for [Cu(POP)(6,6'-Cl2bpy)][PF6] and [Cu(xantphos)(6,6'-Cl2bpy)][PF6], respectively, were achieved at an average current density of 100 A m-2. External quantum efficiencies of 1.2% were recorded for both complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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41
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Fresta E, Volpi G, Milanesio M, Garino C, Barolo C, Costa RD. Novel Ligand and Device Designs for Stable Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10469-10479. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fresta
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgio Volpi
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
- CrisDi, Interdepartmental Center for Crystallography, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Torino, Italy
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Schinabeck A, Leitl MJ, Yersin H. Dinuclear Cu(I) Complex with Combined Bright TADF and Phosphorescence. Zero-Field Splitting and Spin-Lattice Relaxation Effects of the Triplet State. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2848-2856. [PMID: 29750529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The three-fold bridged dinuclear Cu(I) complex Cu2(μ-I)2(1 N- n-butyl-5-diphenyl-phosphino-1,2,4-triazole)3, Cu2I2(P^N)3, shows bright thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) as well as phosphorescence at ambient temperature with a total quantum yield of 85% at an emission decay time of 7 μs. The singlet (S1)-triplet (T1) energy gap is as small as only 430 cm-1 (53 meV). Spin-orbit coupling induces a short-lived phosphorescence with a decay time of 52 μs ( T = 77 K) and a distinct zero-field splitting (ZFS) of T1 into substates by ∼2.5 cm-1 (0.3 meV). Below T ≈ 10 K, effects of spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) are observed and agree with the size of ZFS. According to the combined phosphorescence and TADF, the overall emission decay time is reduced by ∼13% as compared to the TADF-only process. The compound may potentially be applied in solution-processed OLEDs, exploiting both the singlet and triplet harvesting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schinabeck
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Markus J Leitl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Hartmut Yersin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
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43
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Nishikitani Y, Cho T, Uchida S, Nishimura S, Oyaizu K, Nishide H. Polymer-Based White-Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Very High Color-Rendering Index Based on Blue-Green Fluorescent Polyfluorenes and Red-Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes. Chempluschem 2018; 83:463-469. [PMID: 31957353 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Application of the concept of three-color (red (R), green (G), and blue (B)) light-mixing to obtain white light is the most suitable way to realize white-light-emitting devices with very high color-rendering indices (CRI). White-light-emitting devices based on the three-color-mixing method could be used to create lighting and display technologies. Here, white-light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with very high CRIs are reported, which were fabricated by using blend films composed of a fluorescent π-conjugated polymer (FCP), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT), and a phosphorescent iridium complex, [Ir(ppy)2 (biq)]+ (PF6 )- (where (ppy)- =2-phenylpyridinate and biq=2,2'-biquinoline). The LECs fabricated with PFBT, the benzothiadiazole content of which is 0.01 mol %, showed blue electroluminescence (EL) emission originating from the fluorene segments and green EL emission from the benzothiadiazole units simultaneously. White LECs were then realized by adding red-emitting Ir complexes as guest molecules to the blue-green-emitting PFBT. By optimizing the proportions of the PFBT and Ir complexes in the active layers (PFBT/[Ir(ppy)2 (biq)]+ (PF6 )- =1:0.2 (mass ratio)), white-light emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.29, 0.34) and a very high CRI value of 91.5 was achieved through RGB color-mixing. It was noted that the emission mechanism was based on Förster resonance energy transfer and Dexter energy transfer from excited PFBT to [Ir(ppy)2 (biq)]+ (PF6 )- . The utilization of LECs based on blue-green FCPs and red Ir complexes looks very promising for the prospect of realizing white-light-emitting devices with very high CRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nishikitani
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Cho
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Soichi Uchida
- High Performance Materials Company, JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, 8, Chidori-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0815, Japan
| | - Suzushi Nishimura
- High Performance Materials Company, JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, 8, Chidori-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231-0815, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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44
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Tseng TW, Mendiratta S, Luo TT, Chen TW, Lee YP. A new route to constructing rhenium(I)-based 8-hydroxyquinolate complexes: Synthesis, structures and luminescent properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Chen D, Chai WX, Song L. Syntheses, steric hindrance effects, luminescent properties and TD-DFT calculations for a series of copper(I) iodide coordination complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Fresta E, Volpi G, Garino C, Barolo C, Costa RD. Contextualizing yellow light-emitting electrochemical cells based on a blue-emitting imidazo-pyridine emitter. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Ardizzoia GA, Ghiotti D, Therrien B, Brenna S. Homoleptic complexes of divalent metals bearing N,O-bidentate imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ligands: Synthesis, X-ray characterization and catalytic activity in the Heck reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Keller S, Camenzind TN, Abraham J, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Constable EC, Housecroft CE. Self-assembly of heteroleptic dinuclear silver(i) complexes bridged by bis(diphenylphosphino)ethyne. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:946-957. [PMID: 29260149 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of the self-assembling behaviour in solution of Ag[PF6] with one equivalent of an N^N ligand (N^N = 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (6,6'-Me2bpy) or 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (tpy)), together with either 0.5 or one equivalent of the bridging ligand bis(diphenylphosphino)ethyne (dppa). Each product contains a dinuclear cation, with one or two dppa ligands bridging the two Ag+ centres; 6,6'-Me2bpy and tpy, respectively, act as chelating ligands. The compounds have been analysed in solution using NMR spectroscopic methods (1H, 1H{31P}, COSY, NOESY, 13C, HMQC and HMBC), including room and low temperature measurements. 31P{1H} NMR spectra recorded at different temperatures allow a deeper insight into the dynamic equilibrium processes. In addition, solution 31P-109Ag HSQC spectroscopic measurements were performed and show, inter alia, the ratio of the splitting in the F1 dimension and the 1J31P-109Ag coupling constant in the fully coupled HSQC. Single crystal X-ray diffraction yielded two pseudo-polymorphic structures for the doubly-bridged [Ag2(dppa)2(tpy)2][PF6]2 and one for the singly-bridged [Ag2(dppa)(6,6'-Me2bpy)2][PF6]2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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49
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Gupta AK, De D, Tomar K, Bharadwaj PK. A Cu(ii) metal–organic framework with significant H2 and CO2 storage capacity and heterogeneous catalysis for the aerobic oxidative amination of C(sp3)–H bonds and Biginelli reactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1624-1634. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
1 exhibits significant H2, CO2 storage capacity and heterogeneous catalytic activity for oxidative amination of C(sp3)–H bonds and Biginelli reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
| | - Dinesh De
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
| | - Kapil Tomar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
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50
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Keller S, Prescimone A, Bolink H, Sessolo M, Longo G, Martínez-Sarti L, Junquera-Hernández JM, Constable EC, Ortí E, Housecroft CE. Luminescent copper(i) complexes with bisphosphane and halogen-substituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14263-14276. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting electrochemical cells with Cu(i) emitters with halo-substituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands display orange electroluminescence and short turn-on times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keller
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | | | - Henk Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Giulia Longo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | | | | | | | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecula
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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