1
|
Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Organolanthanide Complexes Containing Ln-CH 3 σ-bonds: Unexpectedly Similar Hydrolysis Rates for Trivalent and Tetravalent Organocerium. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18399-18413. [PMID: 37910232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of organolanthanides featuring the Ln-CH3 bond. The complexes are formed by decarboxylating anionic lanthanide acetates to form trivalent [LnIII(CH3)(CH3CO2)3]- (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Tm, Yb, Lu), divalent [EuII(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]-, and the first examples of tetravalent organocerium complexes featuring CeIV-Calkyl σ-bonds: [CeIV(O)(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]- and [CeIV(O)(CH3)(NO3)2]-. Attempts to isolate PrIV-CH3 and TbIV-CH3 were unsuccessful; however, fragmentation patterns reveal that the oxidation of LnIII to a LnIV-oxo-acetate complex is more favorable for Ln = Pr than for Ln = Tb. The rate of Ln-CH3 hydrolysis is a measure of bond stability, and it decreases from LaIII-CH3 to LuIII-CH3, with increasing steric crowding for smaller Ln stabilizing the harder Ln-CH3 bond against hydrolysis. [EuII(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]- engages in a much faster hydrolysis versus LnIII-CH3. The surprising observation of similar hydrolysis rates for CeIV-CH3 and CeIII-CH3 is discussed with respect to sterics, the oxo ligand, and bond covalency in σ-bonded organolanthanides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poe TN, Ramanantoanina H, Sperling JM, Wineinger HB, Rotermund BM, Brannon J, Bai Z, Scheibe B, Beck N, Long BN, Justiniano S, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Celis-Barros C. Isolation of a californium(II) crown-ether complex. Nat Chem 2023; 15:722-728. [PMID: 36973433 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The actinides, from californium to nobelium (Z = 98-102), are known to have an accessible +2 oxidation state. Understanding the origin of this chemical behaviour requires characterizing CfII materials, but investigations are hampered by the fact that they have remained difficult to isolate. This partly arises from the intrinsic challenges of manipulating this unstable element, as well as a lack of suitable reductants that do not reduce CfIII to Cf°. Here we show that a CfII crown-ether complex, Cf(18-crown-6)I2, can be prepared using an Al/Hg amalgam as a reductant. Spectroscopic evidence shows that CfIII can be quantitatively reduced to CfII, and rapid radiolytic re-oxidation in solution yields co-crystallized mixtures of CfII and CfIII complexes without the Al/Hg amalgam. Quantum-chemical calculations show that the Cf‒ligand interactions are highly ionic and that 5f/6d mixing is absent, resulting in weak 5f→5f transitions and an absorption spectrum dominated by 5f→6d transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Harry Ramanantoanina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA
| | - Hannah B Wineinger
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA
| | - Brian M Rotermund
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Brannon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA
| | - Nicholas Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brian N Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samantha Justiniano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cooper S, Kaltsoyannis N. Covalency in AnCl 2 (An = Th-No). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5929-5937. [PMID: 35348160 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A potential connection has previously been proposed between the emergence of unexpected covalent behaviour in various transcurium complexes and the increasing stability of the +2 oxidation state in the later members of the actinide series. We recently used computational methods to study AnCl3, finding evidence for energy degeneracy driven covalency in the later actinides, and here present a comparative study of AnCl2. The An-Cl bond lengths of the latter divide into two data sets; Th-Np, Cm, Bk and Pu, Am, Cf-No. On average the An-Cl bond length decreases for both sets but, with significant increases between Np and Pu, and between Bk and Cf, unlike the former group (Pu, Am, Cf-No)Cl2 have significantly larger lengths than the corresponding trichlorides. Using a range of Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Natural Resonance Theory (NRT) and Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM) metrics, the covalency of the dichloride bonds is analysed. We find that the first group of dichlorides are similar to their trichloride counterparts and possess significantly more covalent bonds than (Pu, Am, Cf-No)Cl2. We believe this change in covalent behaviour across the series for the dichlorides is due to a decreased involvement of the 6d orbital in the later elements (as a result of the f-d excitation energy exceeding the d-stabilisation energy of the actinide ions in question). Moreover, we find that unlike the trichlorides, where the QTAIM delocalisation index indicates that covalency plateaus/moderately increases, An-Cl covalency decreases across the second half of the series for AnCl2. We attribute this difference in behaviour to a lack of significant energy degeneracy driven covalency for the dichlorides, with the energy difference between the dichlorides' β 5f and 3p Natural Atomic Orbitals being larger than for the trichlorides. Hence we find it is not the presence of a stable +2 oxidation state, but instead the extent of energy matching between the actinide 5f orbitals and the ligand 3p, that drives covalency in the transcurium chlorides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pallares RM, An DD, Hébert S, Faulkner D, Loguinov A, Proctor M, Villalobos JA, Bjornstad KA, Rosen CJ, Vulpe C, Abergel RJ. Multidimensional genome-wide screening in yeast provides mechanistic insights into europium toxicity. Metallomics 2021; 13:6409834. [PMID: 34694395 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Europium is a lanthanide metal that is highly valued in optoelectronics. Even though europium is used in many commercial products, its toxicological profile has only been partially characterized, with most studies focusing on identifying lethal doses in different systems or bioaccumulation in vivo. This paper describes a genome-wide toxicogenomic study of europium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which shares many biological functions with humans. By using a multidimensional approach and functional and network analyses, we have identified a group of genes and proteins associated with the yeast responses to ameliorate metal toxicity, which include metal discharge paths through vesicle-mediated transport, paths to regulate biologically relevant cations, and processes to reduce metal-induced stress. Furthermore, the analyses indicated that europium promotes yeast toxicity by disrupting the function of chaperones and cochaperones, which have metal-binding sites. Several of the genes and proteins highlighted in our study have human orthologues, suggesting they may participate in europium-induced toxicity in humans. By identifying the endogenous targets of europium as well as the already existing paths that can decrease its toxicity, we can determine specific genes and proteins that may help to develop future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Pallares
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dahlia D An
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Solène Hébert
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Faulkner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alex Loguinov
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael Proctor
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan A Villalobos
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kathleen A Bjornstad
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chris J Rosen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Vulpe
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rebecca J Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genome-wide toxicogenomic study of the lanthanides sheds light on the selective toxicity mechanisms associated with critical materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025952118. [PMID: 33903247 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025952118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanides are a series of critical elements widely used in multiple industries, such as optoelectronics and healthcare. Although initially considered to be of low toxicity, concerns have emerged during the last few decades over their impact on human health. The toxicological profile of these metals, however, has been incompletely characterized, with most studies to date solely focusing on one or two elements within the group. In the current study, we assessed potential toxicity mechanisms in the lanthanide series using a functional toxicogenomics approach in baker's yeast, which shares many cellular pathways and functions with humans. We screened the homozygous deletion pool of 4,291 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with the lanthanides and identified both common and unique functional effects of these metals. Three very different trends were observed within the lanthanide series, where deletions of certain proteins on membranes and organelles had no effect on the cellular response to early lanthanides while inducing yeast sensitivity and resistance to middle and late lanthanides, respectively. Vesicle-mediated transport (primarily endocytosis) was highlighted by both gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses as one of the main functions disturbed by the majority of the metals. Protein-protein network analysis indicated that yeast response to lanthanides relied on proteins that participate in regulatory paths used for calcium (and other biologically relevant cations), and lanthanide toxicity included disruption of biosynthetic pathways by enzyme inhibition. Last, multiple genes and proteins identified in the network analysis have human orthologs, suggesting that those may also be targeted by lanthanides in humans.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The geometric and electronic structures of AnCl3 are studied computationally using scalar relativistic, hybrid density functional theory (PBE0). The An-Cl bond lengths generally decrease across the 5f series, although there is a slight lengthening from Fm-Cl to No-Cl as the metal ions display increasing M(ii) character. Covalency in the An-Cl bond is studied using a wide range of metrics drawn from the Natural Bond Orbital, Natural Resonance Theory and Quantum Theory of Atoms-in-Molecules (QTAIM) methods, including bond order, orbital composition, orbital overlap and electron density topology data. Most metrics agree that the later An-Cl bonds are less ionic than might be anticipated on the basis of trends in the first half of the series, due to energy degeneracy-driven covalency in the β spin manifold; for example, the An-Cl QTAIM delocalisation index (bond order) for MdCl3 (0.88) is almost exactly the same as for NpCl3 (0.89). By contrast, the ratio of the kinetic to potential energy densities at the An-Cl bond critical points indicates that ionicity increases across the series, suggesting that the delocalisation index measures both orbital overlap and energy degeneracy-based covalency, while the bond critical point metric gauges only the former. Recalculation of all the data using the generalised gradient approximation PBE functional finds larger energy degeneracy-driven covalency in the later actinides than using hybrid DFT. Hence, we find that conclusions concerning the covalency of the An-Cl bond are dependent not only on the metric used to evaluate it, but also on the underlying electronic structure method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marsh ML, White FD, Meeker DS, McKinley CD, Dan D, Van Alstine C, Poe TN, Gray DL, Hobart DE, Albrecht-Schmitt TE. Electrochemical Studies of Selected Lanthanide and Californium Cryptates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9602-9612. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Frankie D. White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - David S. Meeker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Carla D. McKinley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - David Dan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cayla Van Alstine
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Todd N. Poe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Danielle L. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - David E. Hobart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
White FD, Dan D, Albrecht‐Schmitt TE. Contemporary Chemistry of Berkelium and Californium. Chemistry 2019; 25:10251-10261. [PMID: 30908747 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frankie D. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University 102 Varsity Drive Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - David Dan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University 102 Varsity Drive Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht‐Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University 102 Varsity Drive Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
White FD, Gaiser AN, Warzecha EJ, Sperling JM, Celis-Barros C, Salpage SR, Zhou Y, Dilbeck T, Bretton AJ, Meeker DS, Hanson KG, Albrecht-Schmitt TE. Examination of Structure and Bonding in 10-Coordinate Europium and Americium Terpyridyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12969-12975. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frankie D. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Alyssa N. Gaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Evan J. Warzecha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph M. Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Sahan R. Salpage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tristan Dilbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Andrew J. Bretton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - David S. Meeker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth G. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Galley SS, Arico AA, Lee TH, Deng X, Yao YX, Sperling JM, Proust V, Storbeck JS, Dobrosavljevic V, Neu JN, Siegrist T, Baumbach RE, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Kaltsoyannis N, Lanatà N. Uncovering the Origin of Divergence in the CsM(CrO4)2 (M = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu; Am) Family through Examination of the Chemical Bonding in a Molecular Cluster and by Band Structure Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1674-1685. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane S. Galley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Alexandra A. Arico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08856-8019, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08856-8019, United States
| | - Yong-Xin Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Joseph M. Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Vanessa Proust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Julia S. Storbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Vladimir Dobrosavljevic
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Neu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Theo Siegrist
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Ryan E. Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Lanatà
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| |
Collapse
|