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Touj N, Mazars F, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Aldiminium and 1,2,3-triazolium dithiocarboxylate zwitterions derived from cyclic (alkyl)(amino) and mesoionic carbenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1947-1956. [PMID: 38170157 PMCID: PMC10760461 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of zwitterionic dithiocarboxylate adducts was achieved by deprotonating various aldiminium or 1,2,3-triazolium salts with a strong base, followed by the nucleophilic addition of the in situ-generated cyclic (alkyl)(amino) or mesoionic carbenes (CAACs or MICs) onto carbon disulfide. Nine novel compounds were isolated and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS techniques. Moreover, the molecular structures of two CAAC·CS2 and two MIC·CS2 betaines were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The analytical data recorded for all these adducts were compared with those reported previously for related NHC·CS2 betaines derived from imidazolinium or (benz)imidazolium salts. Due to the absence of electronic communication between the CS2 unit and the orthogonal heterocycle, all the CAAC·CS2, MIC·CS2, and NHC·CS2 zwitterions displayed similar electronic properties and featured the same bite angle. Yet, their steric properties are liable to ample modifications by varying the exact nature of their cationic heterocycle and its substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidad de Difracción de Rayos X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostella, Edificio CACTUS, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Zain Aldin M, Zaragoza G, Deschamps W, Tomani JCD, Souopgui J, Delaude L. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Water-Soluble, Dual Anionic and Cationic Ruthenium-Arene Complexes Bearing Imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16769-16781. [PMID: 34669374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic protocol was devised for the preparation of five cationic ruthenium-arene complexes bearing imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands from the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer and 2 equiv of an NHC·CS2 zwitterion. The reactions proceeded cleanly and swiftly in dichloromethane at room temperature to afford the expected [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·NHC)]Cl products in quantitative yields. When the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer was reacted with only 1 equiv of a dithiolate betaine under the same experimental conditions, a set of five bimetallic compounds with the generic formula [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·NHC)][RuCl3(p-cymene)] was obtained in quantitative yields. These novel, dual anionic and cationic ruthenium-arene complexes were fully characterized by various analytical techniques. NMR titrations showed that the chelation of the dithiocarboxylate ligands to afford [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·NHC)]+ cations was quantitative and irreversible. Conversely, the formation of the [RuCl3(p-cymene)]- anion was limited by an equilibrium, and this species readily dissociated into Cl- anions and the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer. The position of the equilibrium was strongly influenced by the nature of the solvent and was rather insensitive to the temperature. Two monometallic and two bimetallic complexes cocrystallized with water, and their molecular structures were solved by X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystallography revealed the existence of strong interactions between the azolium ring protons of the cationic complexes and neighboring donor groups from the anions or the solvent. The various compounds under investigation were highly soluble in water. They were all strongly cytotoxic against K562 cancer cells. Furthermore, with a selectivity index of 32.1, the [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·SIDip)]Cl complex remarkably targeted the erythroleukemic cells vs mouse splenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zain Aldin
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Université de Liège, Allée du six Août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - William Deschamps
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Didelot Tomani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Université de Liège, Allée du six Août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Synthesis of ruthenium–dithiocarbamate chelates bearing diphosphine ligands and their use as latent initiators for atom transfer radical additions. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mazars F, Hrubaru M, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Delaude L. Synthesis of Azolium‐2‐dithiocarboxylate Zwitterions under Mild, Aerobic Conditions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Madalina Hrubaru
- Center for Organic Chemistry “Costin D. Nenitescu” Romanian Academy Spl Independentei Bucureşti, 202B 060023 Bucharest Romania
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
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Beltrán TF, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Synthesis and characterization of cationic manganese–carbonyl complexes bearing imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Structure of copper(I) and silver(I) complexes with zwitterionic ligands derived from N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Skarżyńska A, Siczek M, Gawryszewska P, Chaczko K. Coordination chemistry of H‐spirophosphorane ligands towards pentacarbonylchlororhenium(I) – synthesis, structure and catalytic activity of complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skarżyńska
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Wroclaw 14F. Joliot‐Curie Str. Wroclaw 50‐383 Poland
| | - Miłosz Siczek
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Wroclaw 14F. Joliot‐Curie Str. Wroclaw 50‐383 Poland
| | - Paula Gawryszewska
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Wroclaw 14F. Joliot‐Curie Str. Wroclaw 50‐383 Poland
| | - Karolina Chaczko
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Wroclaw 14F. Joliot‐Curie Str. Wroclaw 50‐383 Poland
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Beltrán TF, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Mono- and bimetallic manganese-carbonyl complexes and clusters bearing imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:1779-1788. [PMID: 28128834 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Five complexes with the generic formula fac-[MnBr(CO)3(S2C·NHC)] were obtained by reacting [MnBr(CO)5] with a set of representative imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate zwitterions. These ligands are the adducts of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and carbon disulfide. The mononuclear Mn(i) derivatives were coupled with Na[Mn(CO)5] to afford bimetallic [Mn2(CO)6(S2C·NHC)] clusters. Yet, the most convenient strategy to access these dinuclear Mn(0) products implied a direct carbonyl substitution from the [Mn2(CO)10] dimer. The molecular structures of three monometallic and four bimetallic compounds were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the monometallic complexes, the NHC·CS2 ligands exhibited a bidentate κ2-S,S' coordination mode with an S-C-S bite angle of about 116°. In the dinuclear clusters, the CS2- unit acted as a chelate toward one manganese center and as a pseudoallylic ligand toward the other one. The S-C-S bite angle was reduced to ca. 104°. Thus, the zwitterions displayed a remarkable flexibility, which also permitted a staggered arrangement of the carbonyl groups in the bimetallic systems. Examination of the [small nu, Greek, macron]CO absorption bands on IR spectroscopy helped identify the presence of fac-Mn(CO)3 or Mn2(CO)6 motifs, while the 13C NMR chemical shift of the CS2- moiety was a reliable indicator for monitoring its hapticity. Whereas the dinuclear clusters were air- and moisture-stable crystalline solids, mononuclear halido derivatives displayed only a limited stability under aerobic conditions. Both types of compounds underwent rather unselective, extensive fragmentations in the gas phase, in sharp contrast with the analogous rhenium derivatives that led to clean sequential decarbonylation processes upon collision-induced dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás F Beltrán
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Quartier Agora, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, Edificio CACTUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Quartier Agora, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Zain Aldin M, Maho A, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A, Delaude L. Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic evaluation of ruthenium–diphosphine complexes bearing xanthate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13926-13938. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nine ruthenium chelates with the generic formula [Ru(S2COEt)2(diphos)] were synthesized and fully characterized. Their catalytic activity was probed in three distinct reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Maho
- GreenMAT
- Institut de Chimie (B6a)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X
- RIAIDT
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Albert Demonceau
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Institut de Chimie (B6a)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Institut de Chimie (B6a)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
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Beltrán TF, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Small iron-carbonyl clusters bearing imidazolium-2-trithioperoxycarboxylate ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13002-13009. [PMID: 28936533 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Fe2(CO)9] with two representative imidazolium-2-dithiocarboxylate zwitterions derived from common N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) bearing mesityl (IMes) or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl substituents on their nitrogen atoms (IDip) unexpectedly afforded two small bimetallic iron-carbonyl clusters with the generic formula [Fe2(CO)6(μ-κ2-S,S'-κ2-S,S'-S3C·NHC)]. After a brief optimization of the reaction conditions, these two "sulfur-enriched" products were isolated in low yields. They were fully characterized by IR, NMR, UV/Visible, and ESI-MS techniques, and their molecular structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The two compounds adopted a butterfly-type disposition in the solid state, with an [Fe2(CO)6] core bridged by the trithioperoxycarboxylate moiety of the in situ generated NHC·CS3 ligands. Bond lengths recorded for the CS3- unit revealed that its negative charge was mostly located on the remote sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás F Beltrán
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Quartier Agora, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Beltrán TF, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Synthesis and complexation of superbulky imidazolium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9036-9048. [PMID: 28660927 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The superbulky N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (IDip*Me) and its 4-methoxy analogue (IDip*OMe) reacted instantaneously with carbon disulfide to afford the corresponding imidazolium-2-dithiocarboxylate zwitterions in high yields. These new dithiolate ligands were fully characterized and their coordination chemistry toward common Re(i) and Ru(ii) metal sources was thoroughly investigated. Neutral [ReBr(CO)3(S2C·NHC)] chelates featured three facially-arranged carbonyl groups on a distorted octahedron, whereas cationic [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·NHC)]PF6 complexes displayed a piano-stool geometry. The molecular structures of the six new compounds revealed that the NHC·CS2 inner salts were highly flexible. Indeed, the torsion angle between their anionic and cationic moieties varied between ca. 63° in the free ligands and 3° in the ruthenium complexes. Concomitantly, the S-C-S bite angle underwent a contraction from 131° to 110-113° upon chelation. Computation of the %VBur parameter showed that the dithiocarboxylate unit of the NHC·CS2 betaines chiefly determined the steric requirements of the imidazolium moieties, irrespective of the metal center involved in the complexation. The replacement of the p-methyl substituents of IDip*Me with p-methoxy groups in IDip*OMe did not significantly affect the ligand bulkiness. The more electron-donating methoxy group led, however, to small changes in various IR wavenumbers used to probe the electron donor properties of the carbene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás F Beltrán
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Quartier Agora, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Ortmeyer J, Flörke U, Henkel G, Wilhelm R, Neuba A. A Sophisticated Approach towards a New Class of Copper(I)-Sulfur Cluster Complexes with Imidazolinium-Dithiocarboxylate Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Ortmeyer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - René Wilhelm
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Department Chemie; Fachbereich Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
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Beltrán TF, Delaude L. Recent Advances in Small Clusters and Polymetallic Assemblies Based on Transition Metals and Dithiocarboxylate Zwitterions Derived from N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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