1
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Gabano E, Gariboldi MB, Marras E, Barbato F, Ravera M. Platinum(IV) combo prodrugs containing cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine, valproic acid, and perillic acid as a multiaction chemotherapeutic platform for colon cancer. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11349-11360. [PMID: 37530512 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The complex [PtCl2(cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine)] has been combined in a Pt(IV) molecule with two different bioactive molecules (i.e., the histone deacetylase inhibitor 2-propylpentanoic acid or valproic acid, VPA, and the potential antimetastatic molecule 4-isopropenylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid or perillic acid, PA) in order to obtain a set of multiaction or multitarget antiproliferative agents. In addition to traditional thermal synthetic procedures, microwave-assisted heating was used to speed up their preparation. All Pt(IV) complexes showed antiproliferative activity on four human colon cancer cell lines (namely HCT116, HCT8, RKO and HT29) in the nanomolar range, considerably better than those of [PtCl2(cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine)], VPA, PA, and the reference drug oxaliplatin. The synthesized complexes showed pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic effects and the ability to induce cell cycle alterations. Moreover, the downregulation of histone deacetylase activity, leading to an increase in histone H3 and H4 levels, and the antimigratory activity, indicated by the reduction of the levels of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, demonstrated the multiaction nature of the complexes, which showed biological properties similar to or better than those of VPA and PA, but at lower concentrations, probably due to the lipophilicity of the combo molecule that increases the intracellular concentration of the single components (i.e., [PtCl2(cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine)], VPA and PA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza Sant'Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Marzia Bruna Gariboldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), Università dell'Insubria, via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marras
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), Università dell'Insubria, via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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2
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Marotta C, Giorgi E, Binacchi F, Cirri D, Gabbiani C, Pratesi A. An overview of recent advancements in anticancer Pt(IV) prodrugs: New smart drug combinations, activation and delivery strategies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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The Strange Case: The Unsymmetric Cisplatin-Based Pt(IV) Prodrug [Pt(CH 3COO)Cl 2(NH 3) 2(OH)] Exhibits Higher Cytotoxic Activity with respect to Its Symmetric Congeners due to Carrier-Mediated Cellular Uptake. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:3698391. [PMID: 36620349 PMCID: PMC9822769 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological behavior of the axially unsymmetric antitumor prodrug (OC-6-44)-acetatodiamminedichloridohydroxidoplatinum(IV), 2, was deeply investigated and compared with that of analogous symmetric Pt(IV) complexes, namely, dihydroxido 1 and diacetato 3, which have a similar structure. The complexes were tested on a panel of human tumor cell lines. Complex 2 showed an anomalous higher cytotoxicity (similar to that of cisplatin) with respect to their analogues 1 and 3. Their reduction potentials, reduction kinetics, lipophilicity, and membrane affinity are compared. Cellular uptake and DNA platination of Pt(IV) complexes were deeply investigated in the sensitive A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line and in the corresponding resistant A2780cisR subline. The unexpected activity of 2 appears to be related to its peculiar cellular accumulation and not to a different rate of reduction or a different efficacy in DNA platination and/or efficiency in apoptosis induction. Although the exact mechanism of cell uptake is not fully deciphered, a series of naïve experiments indicates an energy-dependent, carrier-mediated transport: the organic cation transporters (OCTs) are the likely proteins involved.
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Spector DV, Erofeev AS, Gorelkin PV, Vaneev AN, Akasov RA, Ul'yanovskiy NV, Nikitina VN, Semkina AS, Vlasova KY, Soldatov MA, Trigub AL, Skvortsov DA, Finko AV, Zyk NV, Sakharov DA, Majouga AG, Beloglazkina EK, Krasnovskaya OO. Electrochemical Detection of a Novel Pt(IV) Prodrug with the Metronidazole Axial Ligand in the Hypoxic Area. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14705-14717. [PMID: 36047922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a Pt(IV) prodrug with metronidazole in axial positions Pt-Mnz. The nitroaromatic axial ligand was conjugated with a cisplatin scaffold to irreversibly reduce under hypoxic conditions, thereby retaining the Pt(IV) prodrug in the area of hypoxia. X-ray near-edge adsorption spectroscopy (XANES) on dried drug-preincubated tumor cell samples revealed a gradual release of cisplatin from the Pt-Mnz prodrug instead of rapid intracellular degradation. The ability of the prodrug to penetrate into three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cellular cultures was evaluated by a novel electrochemical assay via a platinum-coated carbon nanoelectrode, capable of single-cell measurements. Using a unique technique of electrochemical measurements in single tumor spheroids, we were able to both detect the real-time response of the axial ligand to hypoxia and establish the depth of penetration of the drug into the tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil V Spector
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Alexander S Erofeev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Petr V Gorelkin
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Alexander N Vaneev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Roman A Akasov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Ul'yanovskiy
- Core Facility Center "Arktika," Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Vita N Nikitina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alevtina S Semkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinskiy 23, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Kseniya Yu Vlasova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute Southern Federal University Sladkova, 178/24, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Alexander L Trigub
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurcha-tova pl.,1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Finko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Zyk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Sakharov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.,Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Elena K Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga O Krasnovskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
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5
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Ravera M, Gabano E, McGlinchey MJ, Osella D. Pt(IV) antitumor prodrugs: dogmas, paradigms, and realities. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2121-2134. [PMID: 35015025 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(II)-based drugs are widely used for the treatment of solid tumors, especially in combination protocols. Severe side effects and occurrence of resistance are the major limitations to their clinical use. To overcome these drawbacks, a plethora of Pt(IV) derivatives, acting as anticancer prodrugs, have been designed, synthesized and preclinically (often only in vitro) tested. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development and understanding of the chemical properties and biochemical features of these Pt(IV) prodrugs, especially those containing bioactive molecules as axial ligands, acting as multi-functional agents. Even though no such prodrugs have been yet approved for clinical use, many show encouraging pharmacological profiles. Thus, a better understanding of their features is a promising approach towards improving the available Pt-based anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
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6
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Gabano E, Ferraris C, Osella D, Battaglia LS, Ravera M. Formulations of highly antiproliferative hydrophobic Pt(IV) complexes into lipidic nanoemulsions as delivery vehicles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Peng K, Liang BB, Liu W, Mao ZW. What blocks more anticancer platinum complexes from experiment to clinic: Major problems and potential strategies from drug design perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Ravera M, Gabano E, Zanellato I, Rangone B, Perin E, Ferrari B, Bottone MG, Osella D. Cis,cis,trans-[Pt IVCl 2(NH 3) 2(perillato) 2], a dual-action prodrug with excellent cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3161-3177. [PMID: 33595015 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two Pt(iv) conjugates containing one or two molecules of perillic acid (4-isopropenylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid), an active metabolite of limonene, were synthesized both with traditional and microwave-assisted methods and characterized. Their antiproliferative activity was tested on a panel of human tumor cell lines. In particular, cis,cis,trans-[PtIVCl2(NH3)2(perillato)2] exhibited excellent antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity on A-549 lung tumor cells at nanomolar concentrations. A number of in vitro biological tests were performed to decipher some aspects of its mechanism of action, including transwell migration and invasion as well as wound healing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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9
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Miniati M, Conversano C, Palagini L, Buccianelli B, Fabrini M, Mancino M, Laliscia C, Marazziti D, Paiar F, Gemignani A. Bipolar Disorder Treatments and Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:300-313. [PMID: 34909008 PMCID: PMC8629050 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reviewed literature on drugs for bipolar disorders (BD), utilized in ovarian cancer (OC). METHOD We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in completion of this systematic review. RESULTS We identified 73 papers. Thirty-two studies were finally included. BD is rarely diagnosed in OC patients. Limited finding from case reports is available. Drugs used to treat BD (mainly lithium and valproic acid) have been extensively studied in add-on to chemotherapy for treatment-resistant OC cells or in animal models, with promising results in vitro but not in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The clinical underestimation of BD in OC has leaded to the almost complete absence of evidences for a soundly based clinical guidance in this field. There is a urgent need for a systematic multi-disciplinary approach to OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Miniati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 57 Via Roma, Italy,(E-MAIL:)
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 57 Via Roma, Pisa, Italy,(E-MAIL:)
| | - Laura Palagini
- Corresponding author Laura Palagini, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa 57 Via Roma, Pisa, Italy E-mail:
| | | | - Mariagrazia Fabrini
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Pisa, 57 Via Roma, Pisa, Italy,(E-MAIL:)
| | - Maricia Mancino
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Pisa, 57 Via Roma, Pisa, Italy,(E-MAIL:)
| | - Concetta Laliscia
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Pisa, 57 Via Roma, Pisa, Italy,(E-MAIL:)
| | | | - Fabiola Paiar
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Pisa, 57 Via Roma, Pisa, Italy,(E-MAIL:)
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 57 Via Roma, Pisa, Italy,(E-MAIL:)
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10
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Targeting drug delivery system for platinum(Ⅳ)-Based antitumor complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112229. [PMID: 32222677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical platinum(II) anticancer agents are widely-used chemotherapeutic drugs in the clinic against a range of cancers. However, severe systemic toxicity and drug resistance have become the main obstacles which limit their application and effectiveness. Because divalent cisplatin analogues are easily destroyed in vivo, their bioavailability is low and no selective to tumor tissues. The platinum(IV) prodrugs are attractive compounds for cancer treatment because they have great advantages, e.g., higher stability in biological media, aqueous solubility and no cross-resistance with cisplatin, which may become the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. In addition, platinum(IV) drugs could be taken orally, which could be more acceptable to cancer patients, breaking the current situation that platinum(II) drugs can only be given by injection. The coupling of platinum(IV) complexes with tumor targeting groups avoids the disadvantages such as instability in blood, irreversible binding to plasma proteins, rapid renal clearance, and non-specific distribution in normal tissues. Because of the above advantages, the combination of platinum complexes and tumor targeting groups has become the hottest field in the research and development of new platinum drugs. These approaches can be roughly categorized into two groups: active and passive targeted strategies. This review concentrates on various targeting and delivery strategies for platinum(IV) complexes to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of platinum-based anticancer drugs. We have made a summary of the related articles on platinum(IV) targeted delivery in recent years. We believe the results of the studies described in this review will provide new ideas and strategies for the development of platinum drugs.
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Giacomini I, Ragazzi E, Pasut G, Montopoli M. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Its Involvement in Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E937. [PMID: 32023830 PMCID: PMC7036764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the first-line treatment for different types of solid tumors, such as ovarian, testicular, bladder, cervical, head and neck, lung, and esophageal cancers. The main problem related to its clinical use is the onset of drug resistance. In the last decades, among the studied molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a possible one. This review focuses on the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) playing a pivotal role in maintaining the high cell proliferation rate and representing an advantage for cancer cells. In particular, the oxidative branch of PPP plays a role in oxidative stress and seems to be involved in cisplatin resistance. In light of these considerations, it has been demonstrated that overexpression and higher enzymatic activity of different enzymes of both oxidative and non-oxidative branches (such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and transketolase) increase cisplatin resistance, and their silencing or combined treatment with cisplatin could restore cisplatin sensitivity. Moreover, drug delivery systems loaded with both PPP inhibitors and cisplatin give the possibility of reaching cancer cells selectively. In conclusion, targeting PPP is becoming a strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance; however, further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Giacomini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.G.); (E.R.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Giuseppe Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
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12
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Shaili E, Salassa L, Woods JA, Clarkson G, Sadler PJ, Farrer NJ. Platinum(iv) dihydroxido diazido N-(heterocyclic)imine complexes are potently photocytotoxic when irradiated with visible light. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8610-8617. [PMID: 31803436 PMCID: PMC6844273 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of trans-di-(N-heterocyclic)imine dihydroxido diazido PtIV complexes of the form trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(L1)(L2)] where L = pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, thiazole and 1-methylimidazole have been synthesised and characterised, and their photochemical and photobiological activity evaluated. Notably, complexes 19 (L1 = py, L2 = 3-pic) and 26 (L1 = L2 = 4-pic) were potently phototoxic following irradiation with visible light (420 nm), with IC50 values of 4.0 μM and 2.1 μM respectively (A2780 cancer cell line), demonstrating greater potency than the previously reported complex 1 (L1 = L2 = py; 6.7 μM); whilst also being minimally toxic in the absence of irradiation. Complexes with mixed N-(heterocyclic)imine ligands 19 and 20 (L1 = py, L2 = 4-pic) were particularly photocytotoxic towards cisplatin resistant (A2780cis) cell lines. Complex 18 (L1 = py, L2 = 2-pic) was comparatively less photocytotoxic (IC50 value 14.5 μM) than the other complexes, despite demonstrating the greatest absorbance at the irradiation wavelength and the fastest half-life for loss of the N3 → Pt LMCT transition upon irradiation (λ irr = 463 nm) in aqueous solution. Complex 29 (X1 = X2 = thiazole) although potently phototoxic (2.4 μM), was also toxic towards cells in the absence of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Luca Salassa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit , Department of Dermatology and Photobiology , Ninewells Hospital , Dundee , DD1 9SY , UK
| | - Guy Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Nicola J Farrer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285131
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13
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Ravera M, Gabano E, McGlinchey MJ, Osella D. A view on multi-action Pt(IV) antitumor prodrugs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Sabbatini M, Zanellato I, Ravera M, Gabano E, Perin E, Rangone B, Osella D. Pt(IV) Bifunctional Prodrug Containing 2-(2-Propynyl)octanoato Axial Ligand: Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death on Colon Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3395-3406. [PMID: 30879295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and in vitro activity of a cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine-based Pt(IV) derivative containing the histone deacetylase inhibitor rac-2-(2-propynyl)octanoato, namely, ( OC-6-44)-acetatodichlorido(cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine)( rac-2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(IV), are reported together with those of its isomers containing enantiomerically enriched axial ligands. These Pt(IV) complexes showed comparable activity, of 2 orders of magnitude higher than reference drug oxaliplatin on three human (HCT 116, SW480, and HT-29) and one mouse (CT26) colon cancer cell lines. In vivo experiments were carried out on immunocompetent BALB/c mice bearing the same syngeneic tumor. The complex ( OC-6-44)-acetatodichlorido(cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine)( rac-2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(IV) showed higher tumor mass Pt accumulation than oxaliplatin, due to its higher lipophilicity, with negligible nephro- and hepatotoxicities when administered intravenously. A remarkable tumor mass invasion by cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, following the Pt(IV) treatment, indicated a strong induction of immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Elena Perin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Beatrice Rangone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
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15
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Wang Q, Li G, Liu Z, Tan X, Ding Z, Ma J, Li L, Li D, Han J, Wang B. Naphthalimide Platinum(IV) Compounds as Antitumor Agents with Dual DNA Damage Mechanism to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Guoshuai Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Biology; College of Pharmacy; Henan University; 475004 Kaifeng P.R. China
| | - Lanjie Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Dacheng Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
| | - Bingquan Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research; Liaocheng University; 252059 Liaocheng P.R. China
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16
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Hybrid inorganic (nonporous silica)/organic (alginate) core-shell platform for targeting a cisplatin-based Pt(IV) anticancer prodrug. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:185-191. [PMID: 30312905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonporous silica nanoparticles with an external shell containing the 3‑aminopropyl arm (SiNP) were further decorated with alginic acid (SiNP-ALG) as a potential biocompatible delivery system for Pt antitumor agents. Such particles were coupled with the prodrug (OC‑6‑44)‑acetato(β‑alaninato)diamminedichloridoplatinum(IV), 1, through the formation of amide bonds between the pendant carboxylate groups on SiNP-ALG and the free amino group of the complex. Cytosol extracted from tumor cells was able to quickly and efficiently reduce the Pt(IV) prodrug, and produces the active metabolite cisplatin. SiNP-ALG-Pt conjugate was more active than both cisplatin and 1, due to its more efficient cell uptake, whereas the SiNP-ALG unplatinated nanoparticles were deprived of any nonspecific toxicity.
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17
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Rangone B, Ferrari B, Astesana V, Masiello I, Veneroni P, Zanellato I, Osella D, Bottone MG. A new platinum-based prodrug candidate: Its anticancer effects in B50 neuroblastoma rat cells. Life Sci 2018; 210:166-176. [PMID: 30144454 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neuroblastoma is a rare cancer that affects children, mostly under the age of 5. This type of cancer starts in very early forms of immature nerve cells or developing cells found in embryo or fetus. To date cisplatin represents one of the most potent antitumor agent known, however, the onset of systemic side effects and the induction of drug resistance limit its use in the clinic for long-term treatment. In the present study we have analysed the effects of a new compound of platinum(IV) conjugates, named Pt(IV)Ac-POA, which is able to generate a synergistic antineoplastic action when released along with cisplatin upon intracellular Pt(IV) → Pt(II) reduction. MAIN METHODS To assess the growth inhibition of the compounds under investigation, a cell viability test, i.e. the resazurin reduction assay was used on the B50 neuroblastoma rat cells. Further analysis on the cell cycle and metabolic alterations were carried out through flow cytometry. Morphological changes and activation of different cell death pathways after treatment, were observed at transmission electron microscope and by immunocytochemistry at fluorescence microscopy. Protein expression was examined by western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS This compound bearing bioactive axial ligand, such as the active histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) (2-propynyl)octanoic acid (POA), induced cell death through different pathways at a concentration ten times lower than cisplatin. SIGNIFICANCE The results showed that Pt(IV)Ac-POA could represent a promising improvement of Pt-based chemotherapy against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rangone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Astesana
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Masiello
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Veneroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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18
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Ionescu A, Godbert N, Aiello I, Ricciardi L, La Deda M, Crispini A, Sicilia E, Ghedini M. Anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes respectively bearing one or two 1,2-benzenedithiolate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11645-11657. [PMID: 30095835 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) square-planar complexes NBu4[(C^N)PtII(S^S)], containing 2-phenylpyridine H(PhPy), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine H(F2PhPy) and benzo[h]quinoline H(Bzq), respectively, as a cyclometalated ligand and the dianionic 1,2-benzenedithiolate (Thio)2- fragment as an (S^S) ligand, were synthesised. By the simple addition of an equivalent of (Thio)2- to the NBu4[(C^N)PtII(Thio)] complexes, octahedral anionic NBu4[(C^N)PtIV(Thio)2] analogues were obtained, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the first examples of Pt(iv) anionic cyclometalated complexes. The molecular structures of the obtained complexes in the case of the NBu4[(Bzq)PtII(Thio)] and the NBu4[(Bzq)PtIV(Thio)2] complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the two series of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) newly synthesised complexes were studied and DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed in order to comprehensively investigate the displayed behaviour. All Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes show intense luminescence in the solid state, with remarkable enhancement of the emission quantum yields, proving to be excellent examples of aggregation-induced emission systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ionescu
- MAT_INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici), Centro di Eccellenza CEMIF.CAL, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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19
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Gabano E, Ravera M, Zanellato I, Tinello S, Gallina A, Rangone B, Gandin V, Marzano C, Bottone MG, Osella D. An unsymmetric cisplatin-based Pt(iv) derivative containing 2-(2-propynyl)octanoate: a very efficient multi-action antitumor prodrug candidate. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:14174-14185. [PMID: 28984330 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02928d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, characterization and biological properties of a Pt(iv) complex containing the very active inhibitor of histone deacetylase (2-propynyl)octanoic acid, POA, as an axial ligand are reported here. The title complex, namely (OC-6-44)-acetatodiamminedichlorido(2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(iv), 1, containing POA in racemic or in enantiomeric forms, was one/two orders of magnitude more active than cisplatin, depending on the chemo-sensitivity of the cancer cell lines. Moreover, 1 exhibited similar or even better antiproliferative activity than (OC-6-33)-diamminedichloridobis(2-propylpentanoato)platinum(iv), 2, containing two molecules of the well-known histone deacetylase inhibitor 2-propylpentanoic (valproic) acid. The high potency of 1 is likely due to its high cellular accumulation and to the synergism between the DNA-damaging cisplatin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor POA, both released upon the intracellular reduction of 1. Prodrug 1, after oral administration, caused an impressive reduction of the tumor mass (94%) in a model of solid tumor (murine Lewis lung carcinoma), compared to that of the control, whereas (intraperitoneal) cisplatin induced a tumor regression of 75% only. A good accumulation of 1 was observed in the tumor mass. The time course of the body weight attested that cisplatin induced elevated anorexia, whereas treatment with 1 did not induce significant body weight loss throughout the therapeutic experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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20
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Biancalana L, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S, Marchetti F. Synthesis, characterization and behavior in water/DMSO solution of Ru(II) arene complexes with bioactive carboxylates. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Hua W, Zhao J, Hu W, Gou S. Combination of 7-hydroxycoumarin in a platinum(IV) complex derived from cisplatin enhanced cytotoxicity with multiple mechanisms of action. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:17-23. [PMID: 29807243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel compound, Cou-platin, composed of 7-hydroxycoumarin and a platinum(IV) moiety derived from cisplatin was designed and synthesized. Significantly, Cou-platin exhibited more potent in vitro antitumor activity against all tested cancer cell lines than that of cisplatin, which was mainly attributed to the liberation of cisplatin and 7-hydroxycoumarin upon reduction with a biomolecular agent. Besides, cellular accumulation of Cou-platin was dramatically increased among several cancer cells in contrast to cisplatin. Flow cytometry study revealed that Cou-platin arrested cell cycle at G2 phase and induced cell apoptosis. Western blots results indicated that it not only activated cell apoptosis pathway, but also inhibited extracellular regulated protein kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In vivo tests showed that Cou-platin, at equimolar dose to cisplatin, could inhibit tumor growth in nude mouse HCT116 tumor xenograft models almost as cisplatin and oxaliplatin, but with less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Hua
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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22
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Biancalana L, Batchelor LK, Funaioli T, Zacchini S, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. α-Diimines as Versatile, Derivatizable Ligands in Ruthenium(II) p-Cymene Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6669-6685. [PMID: 29790340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Diimines are among the most robust and versatile ligands available in synthetic coordination chemistry, possessing finely tunable steric and electronic properties. A series of novel cationic ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes bearing simple α-diimine ligands, [(η6- p-cymene)RuCl{κ2 N-(HCNR)2}]NO3 (R = Cy, [1]NO3; R = 4-C6H10OH, [2]NO3; R = 4-C6H4OH, [3]NO3), were prepared in near-quantitative yields as their nitrate salts. [2]NO3 displays high water solubility. The potential of the α-diimine ligand in [3]NO3 as a carrier of bioactive molecules was investigated via esterification reactions with the hydroxyl groups. Thus, the double-functionalized derivatives [(η6- p-cymene)RuCl{κ2 N-(HCN(4-C6H4OCO-R))2}]NO3 (R = aspirinate, [5]NO3; valproate, [6]NO3) and also [4]Cl (R = Me) were obtained in good-to-high yields. UV-vis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric studies in aqueous solution revealed only minor ruthenium chloride hydrolytic cleavage, biologically accessible reduction potentials, and pH-dependent behavior of [3]NO3. Density functional theory analysis was performed in order to compare the Ru-Cl bond strength in [1]+ with the analogous ethylenediamine complex, showing that the higher stability observed in the former is related to the electron-withdrawing properties of the α-diimine ligand. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed against tumorigenic (A2780 and A2780cisR) and nontumorigenic (HEK-293) cell lines, with the complexes bearing simple α-diimine ligands ranging from inactive to IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The complexes functionalized with bioactive components, i.e., [5]NO3 and [6]NO3, exhibited a marked increase in the cytotoxicity with respect to the precursor [3]NO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Lucinda K Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , Università di Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi , Università Ca' Foscari Venezia , Via Torino 155 , I-30170 Mestre, Venice , Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via G. Moruzzi 13 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
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23
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Gabano E, Ravera M, Trivero F, Tinello S, Gallina A, Zanellato I, Gariboldi MB, Monti E, Osella D. The cisplatin-based Pt(iv)-diclorofibrato multi-action anticancer prodrug exhibits excellent performances also under hypoxic conditions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8268-8282. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cisplatin/clofibrato combos are multi-action Pt(iv) complexes active on a panel of human tumor cell lines, also under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Francesca Trivero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Stefano Tinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Andrea Gallina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Marzia B. Gariboldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università dell'Insubria
- 21052 Busto Arsizio
- Italy
| | - Elena Monti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita
- Università dell'Insubria
- 21052 Busto Arsizio
- Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
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24
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Biancalana L, Batchelor LK, De Palo A, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. A general strategy to add diversity to ruthenium arene complexes with bioactive organic compounds via a coordinated (4-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine ligand. Dalton Trans 2017. [PMID: 28627572 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Esterification of (4-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine, coordinated to the [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2] fragment, allows a series of bioactive carboxylic acids to be introduced directly into the organometallic molecule. Evaluation of the compounds on human ovarian cancer cells reveals synergistic enhancements in their antiproliferative activity relative to their bioactive organic and organometallic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucinda K Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alice De Palo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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