1
|
Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thakur R, Paul K. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Sequential C-H/N-H Alkene Annulation Cascade of Phenanthroimidazoles: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6016-6026. [PMID: 38625682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report ruthenium(II)-catalyzed sequential C-H/N-H alkenylation cascade of phenanthroimidazole and alkenes to form novel phenanthroimidazoisoindol acrylates via dual C-H activation and aza-Michael reaction. The two nitrogen atoms of the imidazole ring act as directing groups for regioselective dual sequential ortho C-H activation. These polycyclic N-heterocycles were evaluated for their photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Owen Bonello R, Pitak MB, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Fallis IA, Pope SJ. Aryl, bi-functionalised imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline ligands and their luminescent rhenium(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Small Molecules Containing Amphoteric Imidazole Motifs as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: An Overview. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:49. [PMID: 36123408 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic dyes, porphyrins and inorganic complexes containing imidazole (IM) motifs have been demonstrated as a new class of sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Particularly, the amphoteric nature of IM-based motifs allows them to be used as donors (D), auxiliary donors (DA), linker/branch (π), or acceptors (A) in D-π-A-based organic dyes and porphyrins and also employed as cyclometalated heteroleptic and ancillary ligands in the Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes for DSSCs. It is noteworthy that the introduction of IM chromophores in the dyes of D-π-A configuration can improve the light-harvesting properties and prohibit the charge recombination reactions due to the extension of the π-conjugated structures and hydrophobic nature. Similarly, in the case of inorganic complexes, the presence of IM motifs as ligands can improve the light-harvesting ability, give facilely tuned HOMO and LUMO energy levels, increase the charge recombination resistance and photostability. This results in enhanced photocurrent (JSC) and photovoltage (VOC) and consequently solar-to-power conversion efficiency (η) of DSSC devices based on Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes. Considering the interesting DSSC applications of IM-derived molecules, in this review, we therefore comprehensively discuss their photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties reported so far and establish their structure-activity relationship to further advance the η of DSSCs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such a review interpreting the importance of molecules possessing IM-motifs for DSSC applications to date.
Collapse
|
5
|
Szłapa-Kula A, Palion-Gazda J, Ledwon P, Erfurt K, Machura B. A fundamental role of solvent polarity and remote substitution of 2-(4-R-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline framework in controlling of ground- and excited-state properties of Re(I) chromophores [ReCl(CO) 3(R-C 6H 4-imphen)]. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14466-14481. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Re(I) carbonyl chromophores with 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (imphen) ligand functionalized with electron-donating amine groups attached to the imidazole ring via phenylene linkage was designed to investigate the impact of...
Collapse
|
6
|
A 1,10-phenanthroline derivative selectively targeting telomeric G-quadruplex induces cytoprotective autophagy, causing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Life Sci 2021; 287:120095. [PMID: 34715135 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the ability of compound 13d to induce autophagy and to promote apoptosis of tumor cells and its interaction mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, fluorescence resonance energy transfer melting analysis (FRET), transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry assay, immunofluorescence assay, Western blot analysis, and wound healing assay. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated that compound 13d could induce autophagy and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, the findings of CCK-8 assay, colony formation, migration and invasion assay, and wound healing assay revealed that compound 13d would effectively inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Its IC50 value is about 2.4 μM against gastric cancer cells, which is similar to positive drug‑platinum. 13d specific induction of telomere G-quadruplex formation was proved in extracellular FRET melting assay, and indirectly affected telomerase activity. G-quadruplex formation promoted cell apoptosis and autophagy. Upon incorporating the autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and HCQ, the expression of the autophagy marker protein LC3 was then checked, suggesting that the compound 13d influences the autophagy flux. Furthermore, knocking down the autophagy-related gene Atg5 to reduce the level of autophagy enhances the anti-tumor activity and increases apoptotic cells' proportion. Mechanistic experiments have shown that blocking the Akt/m-TOR signal pathway plays a crucial role in autophagy and G-quadruplex induced telomere dysfunction. DNA damage is the leading cause of autophagy. Compound 13d combined with autophagy inhibitor can inhibit tumor cells more effectively. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that compound 13d as a telomeric G-quadruplex ligand induces Telomere dysfunction, DNA damage response, autophagy, and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by blocking the Akt/m-TOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Asressu KH, Chan CK, Wang CC. TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under neat and microwave irradiation conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28061-28071. [PMID: 35480777 PMCID: PMC9039414 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of drug discovery and development, an efficient and expedient synthetic method for imidazole-based small molecules from commercially available and cheap starting materials has great significance. Herein, we developed a TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles through the reaction of 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave heating and solvent-free conditions. The chemical structures of representative trisubstituted imidazoles were confirmed using X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. This synthetic method has several advantages including the involvement of mild Lewis acid, being metal- and additive-free, wide substrate scope with good to excellent yields and short reaction time. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the methodology in the synthesis of biologically active imidazole-based drugs. Trisubstituted imidazoles are synthesized efficiently from the readily available 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a new and stable nitrogen source under TMSOTf-catalysis system, microwave heating and solvent-free conditions.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng C, Li C, Yao J, Jin Q, Miao M, Zhou H. Rh(III)‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cyclization of 2‐Aryl‐1
H
‐benzo[
d
]imidazoles with Maleimides via C‐H Activation. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Deng
- College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018 P. R. China
| | - Changchang Li
- College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| | - Quanli Jin
- College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| | - Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pandya KM, Patel JJ, Patel AH, Patel NB, Desai PS. Substituted Imidazole-Pyrazole Clubbed Scaffolds: Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Examined Their In-vitro Antimicrobial and Antituberculosis Effects. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200819164729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted imidazole-pyrazole fused compounds were designed & fused
synthesized by employing Debus-Radziszewski one-pot synthesis reaction. Azoles are an extensive
and comparatively new class of synthetic compounds including imidazoles and pyrazoles. The
current clinical treatment uses compounds of azole framework. Azoles act by inhibiting ergosterol
synthesis pathway (a principal component of the fungal cell wall). In addition, a literature review
shows that the compounds that include imidazoles and pyrazoles have significant anti-bacterial and
anti-mycobacterial effects. In light of the above findings, a series of compounds with imidazole
and pyrazole scaffolds were sketched and developed to examine anti-bacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial
activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using
<sup>1</sup>HNMR, <sup>13</sup>CNMR, elemental analysis, and MS spectral data. The target compounds were screened
for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species
by disc diffusion method according to the NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory
Standards) and anti-mycobacterial activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
The results revealed that imidazole-pyrazole fused scaffold compounds have potential antibacterial,
antifungal and anti-mycobacterial activities which can be further optimized to get a lead
compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyur M. Pandya
- Department of Chemistry, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat - 394185, Gujarat,India
| | - Janki J. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat- 395007, Gujarat,India
| | - Arpan H. Patel
- Department of Clinical Development, Immunocore LLC, 181 Washington Street, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428,United States
| | - Navin B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat- 395007, Gujarat,India
| | - Piyush. S. Desai
- Department of Chemistry, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat - 394185, Gujarat,India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dias GG, Paz ERS, Nunes MP, Carvalho RL, Rodrigues MO, Rodembusch FS, da Silva Júnior EN. Imidazoles and Oxazoles from Lapachones and Phenanthrene-9,10-dione: A Journey through their Synthesis, Biological Studies, and Optical Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2702-2738. [PMID: 34170622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diverse structural frameworks are found in natural compounds and are well known for their chemical and biological properties; such compounds include the imidazoles and oxazoles. Researchers worldwide are continually working on the development of methods for synthesizing new molecules bearing these basic moiety and evaluating their properties and applications. To expand the knowledge related to azoles, this review summarizes important examples of imidazole and oxazole derivatives from 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, such as lapachones and phenanthrene-9,10-diones, not only regarding their synthesis and biological applications but also their photophysical properties and uses. The data concerning the latter are particularly scarce in the literature, which leads to underestimation of the potential applications that can be envisaged for these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gleiston G Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Esther R S Paz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato L Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marieli O Rodrigues
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang D, Shi Z, Zhang X, Cui Z, Wang Q. O 2-Mediated transformation of 9-phenanthrenol: an approach to the synthesis of phenanthrenyl ketal and 9-fluorenones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first example for O2-mediated oxidation of 9-phenanthrenol to phenanthrenyl ketal under basic conditions, followed by transformation to 9-fluorenones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Zuosen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xueyou Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Zhanchen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Regioselective synthesis of fused ring heterocyclic derivatives of ketene aminals and their biological activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
13
|
A novel synthesis of 3-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)(phenyl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one via consecutive C–C and C–N bond formation in water. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
14
|
Singh I, Luxami V, Paul K. Synthesis of naphthalimide-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives: In vitro evaluation, binding interaction with DNA and topoisomerase inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103631. [PMID: 32036164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of naphthalimide and phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole conjugate is described. These compounds are evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity towards 60 human cancer cell lines. Derivative 16 shows excellent cytotoxic activity against these cancer cell lines with the range of growth inhibition from -55.78 to 94.53. The most potent derivative (ethylpiperazine, 16) is further studied to evaluate the interaction with ct-DNA using absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as DNA viscosity measurement. The DNA binding studies indicate that compound 16 is significantly interacted with DNA through groove binding having binding constant value of 7.81 × 104 M-1 alongwith partial intercalation between the base pairs of DNA strands. Further, topoisomerase inhibition study suggests that compound 16 is induced apoptosis and inhibits human topoisomerase (Topo-IIα) as a possible intracellular target. Molecular docking study of compound 16 with ct-DNA shows good docking score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqubal Singh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sivanadanam J, Aidhen IS, Ramanujam K. New cyclic and acyclic imidazole-based sensitizers for achieving highly efficient photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells by a potential-assisted method. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of systematically tailored aryl acyclic (biphenyl, dye 1 and 2), cyclic (phenanthrene, dye 3 and 4) and methyl-substituted (dye 5) imidazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeeswari Sivanadanam
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Department of Chemistry
- Chennai-600 036
- India
- DST Solar Energy Harnessing Centre (DSEHC)
| | | | - Kothandaraman Ramanujam
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Department of Chemistry
- Chennai-600 036
- India
- DST Solar Energy Harnessing Centre (DSEHC)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh I, Rani R, Luxami V, Paul K. Synthesis of 5-(4-(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione as promising DNA and serum albumin-binding agents and evaluation of antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:267-280. [PMID: 30721822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole/oxazole and acenaphtho[1,2-d]imidazole with different aryl groups at C2-position has been synthesized. These compounds were in vitro evaluated for antitumor activity against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. Compound 8 exhibits higher cytotoxicity towards leukemia, colon, melanoma, renal, and breast cancer cell lines than the other evaluated cell panels and low toxicity against normal cell line Hek293. The binding properties of compound 8 with DNA have been investigated with absorption, emission and circular dichroism as well as thermal denaturation experiments which indicate intercalation with base pairs of human and calf thymus DNA. The molecular docking and site-selective binding studies also reveal the predominant intercalation of compound 8 in base pairs of DNA. The interaction between thiazolidine based phenanthrene 8 and serum albumins (HSA and BSA), transport proteins, has also been explored which shows quenching of fluorescence through static mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters, obtained from van't Hoff relationship indicate the prevalence of hydrogen-bonding/hydrophobic interactions for the binding phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqubal Singh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147 001, India
| | - Richa Rani
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147 001, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147 001, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147 001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sundar S, Rengan R. Direct synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles from primary alcohols by diruthenium(ii) catalysts under aerobic conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1402-1409. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02785d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthetic approach to 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles from readily available primary alcohols using arene diruthenium(ii) catalysts has been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Sundar
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Red-emitting cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with imidazolyl phenanthrolines: Synthesis and photophysical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
19
|
Saha A, Jana A, Choudhury LH. Lemon juice mediated multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of fused imidazoles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green approach for the synthesis of diverse medicinally important tricyclic fused imidazoles has been described using one-pot multicomponent reactions in lemon juice as a biocatalyst as well as the reaction medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argha Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| | - Asim Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| | - Lokman H. Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bonello RO, Pitak MB, Coles SJ, Hallett AJ, Fallis IA, Pope SJ. Synthesis and characterisation of phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes of hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted imidazo[4,5- f ]-1,10-phenanthroline ligands. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Hanoon HD, Kowsari E, Abdouss M, Ghasemi MH, Zandi H. Highly efficient and simple protocol for synthesis of 2,4,5-triarylimidazole derivatives from benzil using fluorinated graphene oxide as effective and reusable catalyst. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
22
|
Bao H, Xu Z, Wu D, Zhang H, Jin H, Liu Y. Copper(0)/Selectfluor System-Promoted Oxidative Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage/Annulation of o-Aryl Chalcones: An Unexpected Synthesis of 9,10-Phenanthraquinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2017; 82:109-118. [PMID: 27933862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 9,10-phenanthraquinone derivatives has been successfully developed involving a copper(0)/Selectfluor system-promoted oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage/annulation of o-aryl chalcones. A variety of substituted 9,10-phenanthraquinones were synthesized in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Degui Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dekamin MG, Arefi E, Yaghoubi A. Isocyanurate-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO-ICS): a highly efficient and recoverable nanocatalyst for the one-pot synthesis of substituted imidazoles and benzimidazoles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanurate bridging periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO-ICS) was shown to be a highly active and efficient recyclable nanocatalyst for three-component synthesis of trisubstituted imidazole as well as benzimidazole derivatives in EtOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad G. Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Elham Arefi
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Amene Yaghoubi
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|