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Zheng Y, Niino H, Chatani S, Goto A. Preparation of Block Copolymer Self-Assemblies via Pisa in a Non-Polar Medium Based on RCMP. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300635. [PMID: 38284465 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is conducted in a non-polar medium (n-dodecane) via reversible complexation-mediated polymerization (RCMP). Stearyl methacrylate (SMA) is used to synthesize a macroinitiator, and subsequent block polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) from the macroinitiator in n-dodecane afforded a PSMA-PBzMA block copolymer, where PSMA is poly(stearyl methacrylate) and PBzMA is poly(benzyl methacrylate). Because PSMA is soluble but PBzMA is insoluble in n-dodecane, the block copolymer formed a self-assembly during the block polymerization (PISA). Spherical micelles, worms, and vesicles are obtained, depending on the degrees of polymerization of PSMA and PBzMA. "One-pot" PISA is also attained; namely, BzMA is directly added to the reaction mixture of the macroinitiator synthesis, and PISA is conducted in the same pot without purification of the macroinitiator. The spherical micelle and vesicle structures are also fixed using a crosslinkable monomer during PISA. RCMP-PISA is highly attractive as it is odorless and metal-free. The "one-pot" synthesis does not require the purification of the macroinitiator. RCMP-PISA can provide a practical approach to synthesize self-assemblies in non-polar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Hiroshi Niino
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1 Miyuki-cho, Otake, Hiroshima, 739-0693, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1 Miyuki-cho, Otake, Hiroshima, 739-0693, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
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2
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György C, Armes SP. Recent Advances in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA) Syntheses in Non-Polar Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308372. [PMID: 37409380 PMCID: PMC10952376 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful and highly versatile technique for the rational synthesis of colloidal dispersions of diblock copolymer nanoparticles, including spheres, worms or vesicles. PISA can be conducted in water, polar solvents or non-polar media. In principle, the latter formulations offer a wide range of potential commercial applications. However, there has been just one review focused on PISA syntheses in non-polar media and this prior article was published in 2016. The purpose of the current review article is to summarize the various advances that have been reported since then. In particular, PISA syntheses conducted using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization in various n-alkanes, poly(α-olefins), mineral oil, low-viscosity silicone oils or supercritical CO2 are discussed in detail. Selected formulations exhibit thermally induced worm-to-sphere or vesicle-to-worm morphological transitions and the rheological properties of various examples of worm gels in non-polar media are summarized. Finally, visible absorption spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) enable in situ monitoring of nanoparticle formation, while small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) can be used to examine micelle fusion/fission and chain exchange mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
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3
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McBride RJ, Miller JF, Blanazs A, Hähnle HJ, Armes SP. Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Polymers as Low-Viscosity Latex Particles by RAFT Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization in Highly Salty Media. Macromolecules 2022; 55:7380-7391. [PMID: 36118598 PMCID: PMC9476848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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We report the synthesis of sterically-stabilized diblock
copolymer
particles at 20% w/w solids via reversible addition–fragmentation
chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of N,N′-dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) in
highly salty media (2.0 M (NH4)2SO4). This is achieved by selecting a well-known zwitterionic water-soluble
polymer, poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC),
to act as the salt-tolerant soluble precursor block. A relatively
high degree of polymerization (DP) can be targeted for the salt-insoluble
PDMAC block, which leads to the formation of a turbid free-flowing
dispersion of PDMAC-core particles by a steric stabilization mechanism. 1H NMR spectroscopy studies indicate that relatively high DMAC
conversions (>99%) can be achieved within a few hours at 30 °C.
Aqueous GPC analysis indicates high blocking efficiencies and unimodal
molecular weight distributions, although dispersities increase monotonically
as higher degrees of polymerization (DPs) are targeted for the PDMAC
block. Particle characterization techniques include dynamic light
scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) using
a state-of-the-art instrument that enables accurate ζ potential
measurements in a concentrated salt solution. 1H NMR spectroscopy
studies confirm that dilution of the as-synthesized dispersions using
deionized water lowers the background salt concentration and hence
causes in situ molecular dissolution of the salt-intolerant PDMAC
chains, which leads to a substantial thickening effect and the formation
of transparent gels. Thus, this new polymerization-induced self-assembly
(PISA) formulation enables high molecular weight water-soluble polymers
to be prepared in a highly convenient, low-viscosity form. In principle,
such aqueous PISA formulations are highly attractive: there are various
commercial applications for high molecular weight water-soluble polymers,
while the well-known negative aspects of using a RAFT agent (i.e.,
its cost, color, and malodor) are minimized when targeting such high
DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J. McBride
- Chemistry Department, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - John F. Miller
- Enlighten Scientific LLC, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Adam Blanazs
- BASF SE, RAM/OB - B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Hähnle
- BASF SE, RAM/OB - B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Chemistry Department, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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4
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Sun C, Zhou S, Li J, Qi C, Gao Y. Formation of n-Hexane-in-DMF Nonaqueous Pickering Emulsions: ABC Triblock Worms versus AB Diblock Worms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10128-10138. [PMID: 35951599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous Pickering emulsions exhibit promising applications in many industrial areas but have been relatively less studied in the past. In this study, n-hexane-in-DMF nonaqueous Pickering emulsions stabilized by core cross-linked copolymer worms with mixed shells are demonstrated for the first time. Core cross-linked copolymer worms with mixed shells were prepared by seeded reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) quasi-solution polymerization. Specifically, polystyrene-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) diblock copolymer worms were first prepared via RAFT-mediated dispersion polymerization in toluene under the given conditions using PS as both the macro-CTA and the stabilizer block. After the chemical cross-linking of P4VP cores, PS-P4VP diblock copolymer worms were chain-extended with LMA in DMF/toluene (1:9, weight ratio) mixed solvents, producing core cross-linked PS-P4VP-PLMA worms with PS/PLMA mixed shells. The as-prepared core cross-linked PS-P4VP-PLMA worms with mixed PS/PLMA shells were further utilized as Pickering emulsifiers for the generation of nonaqueous n-hexane-in-DMF Pickering emulsions. The emulsifying performances of mixed-shell copolymer worms were compared with those of their spherical and linear analogues with entirely identical chemical compositions as well as PS-P4VP diblock copolymer worm precursors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Shujing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154007, China
| | - Jinjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154007, China
| | - Chenze Qi
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province 312000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154007, China
| | - Yong Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
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5
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György C, Neal TJ, Smith T, Growney DJ, Armes SP. Tuning the Glass Transition Temperature of a Core-Forming Block during Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: Statistical Copolymerization of Lauryl Methacrylate with Methyl Methacrylate Provides Access to Spheres, Worms, and Vesicles. Macromolecules 2022; 55:4091-4101. [PMID: 35634036 PMCID: PMC9134497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol Ltd., Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, U.K
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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6
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György C, Smith T, Growney DJ, Armes SP. Synthesis and derivatization of epoxy-functional sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer spheres in non-polar media: does the spatial location of the epoxy groups matter? Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-functional sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles are prepared via PISA in mineral oil and then derivatized using various reagents and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol Ltd, Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire, DE56 4AN, UK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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7
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Gao Y, Xiang Z, Zhao X, Wang G, Qi C. Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Diblock Copolymer Worms Prepared via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: How Does the Stimulus Sensitivity Affect the Rate of Demulsification? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11695-11706. [PMID: 34579524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive Pickering emulsions exhibit promising application in industry owing to the integration of the high storage stability with on-demand demulsification. In this study, stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]15-b-poly(diacetone acrylamide)120 (E15D120) worms were indicated, in which E15D120 worms were prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-based aqueous dispersion polymerization using thermo-sensitive POEGMA15 as both the stabilizer block and macro-chain transfer agent. The factors influencing the morphologies of copolymers during polymerization-induced self assembly have been investigated. A series of different morphological polymer nanoparticles including spheres, worms, and vesicles could be produced through rational synthesis. E15D120 worms demonstrated excellent emulsifying performances and could be used as emulsifiers to form n-dodecane-in-water Pickering emulsions at a low content. The formed n-dodecane-in-water Pickering emulsions revealed a slow demulsification at pH 10 or 70 °C or pH 10/70 °C combinations, and several hours were needed for the demulsification of Pickering emulsions. However, n-dodecane-in-water Pickering emulsions displayed a rapid demulsification (∼10 min) at an elevated temperature, such as 90 °C. The different demulsification rates were attributed to different sensitivities of E15D120 worms to external stimuli. Pickering emulsions integrating a rapid responsive demulsification with a slow one would be well satisfactory on different occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Zhe Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, China
| | - Chenze Qi
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
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8
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György C, Verity C, Neal TJ, Rymaruk MJ, Cornel EJ, Smith T, Growney DJ, Armes SP. RAFT Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Mineral Oil: High Glass Transition Temperature of the Core-Forming Block Constrains the Evolution of Copolymer Morphology. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Chloe Verity
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Erik J. Cornel
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol Ltd., Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, U.K
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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9
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Ionic liquid-containing non-aqueous Pickering emulsions prepared with sterically-stabilized polymer nanoparticles: A highly efficient platform for Knoevenagel reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Gibson RR, Fernyhough A, Musa OM, Armes SP. RAFT dispersion polymerization of N, N-dimethylacrylamide in a series of n-alkanes using a thermoresponsive poly( tert-octyl acrylamide) steric stabilizer. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(tert-octyl acrylamide)-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) nanoparticles are prepared by RAFT dispersion polymerization at 70 °C in various n-alkanes. Thermoreversible flocculation occurs in higher n-alkanes on cooling to 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Gibson
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | | | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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11
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Guo Y, Yu Y, Shi K, Zhang W. Synthesis of ABA triblock copolymer nanoparticles by polymerization induced self-assembly and their application as an efficient emulsifier. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABA triblock copolymer nanoparticles of PHPMA-b-PS-b-PHPMA were synthesized by PISA and demonstrated to be an efficient emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yuewen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Keyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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12
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Wen SP, Yue Q, Fielding LA. RAFT miniemulsion polymerisation of benzyl methacrylate using non-ionic surfactant. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RAFT miniemulsion polymerisation of benzyl methacrylate using a non-ionic surfactant affords latexes with controllable molar mass, narrow molar mass distributions and tuneable particle diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Pin Wen
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Qi Yue
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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13
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Jung KH, Kim HJ, Kim MH, Seo H, Lee JC. Superamphiphilic zwitterionic block copolymer surfactant-assisted fabrication of polyamide thin-film composite membrane with highly enhanced desalination performance. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Gibson RR, Fernyhough A, Musa OM, Armes SP. Synthesis of well-defined diblock copolymer nano-objects by RAFT non-aqueous emulsion polymerization of N-(2-acryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone in non-polar media. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RAFT non-aqueous emulsion polymerization of N-(2-acryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone in n-dodecane using a poly(stearyl methacrylate) precursor is used to prepare sterically-stabilized nanoparticles, which are evaluated as a putative Pickering emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Gibson
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | | | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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15
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Hunter SJ, Armes SP. Pickering Emulsifiers Based on Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15463-15484. [PMID: 33325720 PMCID: PMC7884006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer nanoparticles prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) represent an emerging class of organic Pickering emulsifiers. Such nanoparticles are readily prepared by chain-extending a soluble homopolymer precursor using a carefully selected second monomer that forms an insoluble block in the chosen solvent. As the second block grows, it undergoes phase separation that drives in situ self-assembly to form sterically stabilized nanoparticles. Conducting such PISA syntheses in aqueous solution leads to hydrophilic nanoparticles that enable the formation of oil-in-water emulsions. Alternatively, hydrophobic nanoparticles can be prepared in non-polar media (e.g., n-alkanes), which enables water-in-oil emulsions to be produced. In this review, the specific advantages of using PISA to prepare such bespoke Pickering emulsifiers are highlighted, which include fine control over particle size, copolymer morphology, and surface wettability. This has enabled various fundamental scientific questions regarding Pickering emulsions to be addressed. Moreover, block copolymer nanoparticles can be used to prepare Pickering emulsions over various length scales, with mean droplet diameters ranging from millimeters to less than 200 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry,
Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry,
Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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16
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17
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Smith GN, Canning SL, Derry MJ, Jones ER, Neal TJ, Smith AJ. Ionic and Nonspherical Polymer Nanoparticles in Nonpolar Solvents. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Canning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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18
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Xue Y, Li X, Dong J. Interfacial characteristics of block copolymer micelles stabilized Pickering emulsion by confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 563:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Deane OJ, Musa OM, Fernyhough A, Armes SP. Synthesis and Characterization of Waterborne Pyrrolidone-Functional Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared via Surfactant-free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Deane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Alan Fernyhough
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Listers Mills, Heaton Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 4SH, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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20
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Zhou J, Wang L, Zha X, Wang H. Synthesis of pH-responsive block copolymer micelles via RAFT polymerization induced self-assembly and its application in emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2019.1655419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi’an , China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science and Technology) , Xi’an , China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi’an , China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science and Technology) , Xi’an , China
| | - Xianghua Zha
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi’an , China
| | - Hailong Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi’an , China
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21
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György C, Hunter SJ, Girou C, Derry MJ, Armes SP. Synthesis of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in mineral oil. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00562b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RAFT dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate produces diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles in mineral oil; the Pickering emulsifier performance of the spheres is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Saul J. Hunter
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Chloé Girou
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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22
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Gibson RR, Cornel EJ, Musa OM, Fernyhough A, Armes SP. RAFT dispersion polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate in ethanol–water binary mixtures: synthesis of diblock copolymer vesicles with deformable membranes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diblock copolymer vesicles with deformable membranes are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate in an 80 : 20 w/w ethanol–water mixture; visible light irradiation allows facile RAFT chain-end removal from these nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Gibson
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - E. J. Cornel
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | | | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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23
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Smith GN, Canning SL, Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Norman SE, Armes SP. Influence of an ionic comonomer on polymerization-induced self-assembly of diblock copolymers in non-polar media. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating an appropriate ionic comonomer into a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation can provide convenient access to block copolymer worms and vesicles in non-polar media, in addition to spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- UK
- Niels Bohr Institute
- University of Copenhagen
| | | | | | | | - Sarah E. Norman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The QUILL Centre
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
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24
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Wen SP, Saunders JG, Fielding LA. Investigating the influence of solvent quality on RAFT-mediated PISA of sulfonate-functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Solvent quality has a marked impact on the assembly of sulfonate-functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles prepared by PISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Pin Wen
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Jack G. Saunders
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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25
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He X, Wang B, Li X, Dong J. Converse transitions between the micelles and the vesicles of pyrrolidone-based AIE amphiphilic copolymers in polar and apolar solvents. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28102-28111. [PMID: 35530500 PMCID: PMC9070998 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a new family of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) amphiphilic copolymers, named poly(N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)pyrrolidone)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-1-ethenyl-4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl)benzene), PNMPx-b-P(LMAy-co-TPEz), was developed by the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. The polymerization degree x of the NMP segment was kept constant at 35, whereas that of the LMA segment ranged from 9 to 55 with the polymerization degree ratio y/z of the LMA and TPE segments being around 9. As a result, the PNMPx-b-P(LMAy-co-TPEz) copolymer gradually transformed from being water soluble to oil soluble with an increase in the length of the P(LMAy-co-TPEz) segment. Moreover, these copolymers could form self-organized normal and reverse assemblies in both water and n-dodecane. Various morphologies, including spherical micelles, worm-like micelles and vesicles, were confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Specifically, the micelle-to-vesicle transition via worm-like micelles occurred in the aqueous solution upon increasing the length of the P(LMAy-co-TPEz) segment, whereas the reverse transition occurred in n-dodecane. Because of the presence of the AIE-active TPE segment, both the aqueous and the n-dodecane solutions of PNMPx-b-P(LMAy-co-TPEz) were highly luminescent, and their fluorescence quantum yields significantly depended on the polarity of the solvent and the morphology of the assemblies. Due to the strong luminescence properties of PNMPx-b-P(LMAy-co-TPEz) assemblies, these AIE-active amphiphilic copolymers acted as excellent bioimaging probes with high efficiency. A series of AIE-active amphiphilic copolymers, PNMPx-b-P(LMAy-co-TPEz), were developed as bioimaging probes. Converse transitions from spherical micelles to vesicles via wormlike micelles of them in water and n-dodecane were happened, respectively.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong He
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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26
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He X, Li X, Dong J. Self-assembly of well-defined amphiphilic poly(N-(2-methacryloylxyethyl)pyrrolidone)- poly(lauryl methacrylate) diblock copolymers in non-polar solvent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Smith GN, Derry MJ, Hallett JE, Lovett JR, Mykhaylyk OO, Neal TJ, Prévost S, Armes SP. Refractive index matched, nearly hard polymer colloids. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20180763. [PMID: 31293354 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive index matched particles serve as essential model systems for colloid scientists, providing nearly hard spheres to explore structure and dynamics. The poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes typically used are often refractive index matched by dispersing them in binary solvent mixtures, but this can lead to undesirable changes, such as particle charging or swelling. To avoid these shortcomings, we have synthesized refractive index matched colloids using polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) rather than as polymer latexes. The crucial difference is that these diblock copolymer nanoparticles consist of a single core-forming polymer in a single non-ionizable solvent. The diblock copolymer chosen was poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PTFEMA), which self-assembles to form PTFEMA core spheres in n-alkanes. By monitoring scattered light intensity, n-tetradecane was found to be the optimal solvent for matching the refractive index of such nanoparticles. As expected for PISA syntheses, the diameter of the colloids can be controlled by varying the PTFEMA degree of polymerization. Concentrated dispersions were prepared, and the diffusion of the PSMA-PTFEMA nanoparticles as a function of volume fraction was measured. These diblock copolymer nanoparticles are a promising new system of transparent spheres for future colloidal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - James E Hallett
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Joseph R Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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28
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Shieh YT, Tai PY, Cheng CC. Dual CO2/temperature-responsive diblock copolymers confer controlled reversible emulsion behavior. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00325h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dual-stimuli responsive diblock copolymers possessing unique temperature-sensitive and CO2/N2-switching ability were successfully developed to promote efficient manipulation of reversible emulsification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Tarng Shieh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National University of Kaohsiung
- Kaohsiung 81148
- Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Tai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National University of Kaohsiung
- Kaohsiung 81148
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center
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29
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Gibson RR, Armes SP, Musa OM, Fernyhough A. End-group ionisation enables the use of poly(N-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone) as an electrosteric stabiliser block for polymerisation-induced self-assembly in aqueous media. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
End-group ionisation enables use of PNMEP as a steric stabiliser in aqueous PISA: colloidal stability depends on solution pH, with flocculation occurring below pH 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Gibson
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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30
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Lomège J, Lapinte V, Negrell C, Robin JJ, Caillol S. Fatty Acid-Based Radically Polymerizable Monomers: From Novel Poly(meth)acrylates to Cutting-Edge Properties. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:4-26. [PMID: 30273485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing price of barrels of oil, global warming, and other environmental problems favor the use of renewable resources to replace the petroleum-based polymers used in various applications. Recently, fatty acids (FAs) and their derivatives have appeared among the most promising candidates to afford novel and innovative bio-based (co)polymers because of their ready availability, their low toxicity, and their high versatility. However, the current literature mostly focused on FA-based polymers prepared by condensation polymerization or oxypolymerization, while only a few works have been devoted to radical polymerization due to the low reactivity of FAs through radical process. Thus, the aim of this Review is to give an overview of (i) the most common synthetic pathways reported in the literature to provide suitable monomers from FAs and their derivatives for radical polymerization, (ii) the available radical processes to afford FA-based (co)polymers, and (iii) the different applications in which FA-based (co)polymers have been used since the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Lomège
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , CC1702, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Vincent Lapinte
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , CC1702, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Claire Negrell
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , CC1702, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Jean-Jacques Robin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , CC1702, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , CC1702, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
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31
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Deane OJ, Lovett JR, Musa OM, Fernyhough A, Armes SP. Synthesis of Well-Defined Pyrrolidone-Based Homopolymers and Stimulus-Responsive Diblock Copolymers via RAFT Aqueous Solution Polymerization of 2-( N-Acryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone. Macromolecules 2018; 51:7756-7766. [PMID: 30333669 PMCID: PMC6180295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP) is a well-known,
highly polar, nonionic water-soluble polymer. However, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) usually exhibits strongly non-ideal behavior
when copolymerized with methacrylic or styrenic monomers. Moreover,
NVP is not particularly well-controlled under living radical polymerization
conditions. For these reasons, alternative pyrrolidone-based monomers
have been investigated. For example, the reversible addition–fragmentation
chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2-(N-methacryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone
(NMEP) has been recently investigated using various polymerization
formulations. However, PNMEP homopolymers are significantly less hydrophilic
than PNVP and exhibit inverse temperature solubility in aqueous solution.
In the present work, we studied the RAFT aqueous solution polymerization
of 2-(N-acryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone (NAEP)
using either AIBN at 70 °C or a low-temperature redox initiator
at 30 °C. PNAEP homopolymers are obtained in high yield (>99%)
with good control (Mw/Mn < 1.20) for target degrees of polymerization (DP)
of up to 400 using the latter initiator, which produced relatively
fast rates of polymerization. However, targeting DPs above 400 led
to lower NAEP conversions and broader molecular weight distributions.
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether
acrylate (OEGA) were chain-extended using a PNAEPx macro-CTA via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization, yielding
double-hydrophilic acrylic diblock copolymers with high conversions
(>99%) and good control (Mw/Mn < 1.31). In addition, a PNAEP95 macro-CTA
was chain-extended via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) at 22 °C. Dynamic
light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated that heating above the lower
critical solution temperature of PNIPAM led to so-called “anomalous
micellization” at 35 °C and the formation of near-monodisperse
spherical micelles at 40 °C. Finally, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl
methacrylate (DEA) was polymerized using an N-morpholine-functionalized
trithiocarbonate-based RAFT chain transfer agent and subsequently
chain-extended using NAEP to form a novel pH-responsive diblock copolymer.
Above the pKa of PDEA (∼7.3), DLS
and 1H NMR studies indicated the formation of well-defined
PDEA-core spherical micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Deane
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - J R Lovett
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - O M Musa
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - A Fernyhough
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Listers Mills, Heaton Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 4SH, U.K
| | - S P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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32
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Luo Q, Wang Y, Yoo E, Wei P, Pentzer E. Ionic Liquid-Containing Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Graphene Oxide-Based Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10114-10122. [PMID: 30060669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions stabilized by particles (i.e., Pickering emulsions) are complementary to those stabilized by small molecules or polymers and most commonly consist of oil droplets dispersed in a continuous water phase, with particles assembled at the fluid-fluid interface. New particle surfactants and different fluid-fluid interfaces are critical for developing next-generation systems for a number of advanced applications. Herein we report the preparation of IL-containing emulsions stabilized by graphene oxide (GO)-based nanoparticles using the IL [Bmim][PF6]: GO nanosheets stabilize IL-in-water emulsions, and alkylated GO nanosheets (C18-GO) stabilize IL-in-oil emulsions. The impact of particle concentration, fluid-fluid ratio, and addition of acid or base on emulsion formation and stability is studied, with distinct effects for the water and oil systems observed. We then illustrate the broad applicability of GO-based particle surfactants by preparing emulsions with different ILs and preparing inverted emulsions (water-in-IL and oil-in-IL emulsions). The latter systems were accessed by tuning the polarity of GO nanosheets by functionalization with a perfluorinated alkyl chain such that they were dispersible in IL. This work provides insight into the preparation of different IL-containing emulsions and lays a foundation for the architecture of dissimilar materials into composite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmo Luo
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Esther Yoo
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Peiran Wei
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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33
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Liu W, Zhang S, Qiao Z, Li Q, Li X, Wang H. Facile synthesis and surface activity of poly(ethylene glycol) star polymers with a phosphazene core. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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34
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Smith GN, Mears LLE, Rogers SE, Armes SP. Synthesis and electrokinetics of cationic spherical nanoparticles in salt-free non-polar media. Chem Sci 2017; 9:922-934. [PMID: 29629159 PMCID: PMC5874696 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03334f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic diblock copolymer nanoparticles have been prepared in n-dodecane via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). A previously reported poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PBzMA) PISA formulation (Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 5078-5090) was modified by statistically copolymerizing an oil-soluble cationic methacrylic monomer, (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, with either SMA or BzMA, to produce either charged shell or charged core nanoparticles. The electrokinetics were studied as a function of many variables (function of volume function, particle size, solvent viscosity, and number of ions per chain). These data are consistent with electrophoresis controlled by counterion condensation, which is typically observed in salt-free media. However, there are several interesting and unexpected features of interest. In particular, charged shell nanoparticles have a lower electrophoretic mobility than the equivalent charged core nanoparticles, and the magnitude of the electrophoretic mobility increases as the fraction of cationic stabilizer chains in the shell layer is reduced. These results show that cationic PSMA-PBzMA spheres provide an interesting new example of electrophoretic nanoparticles in non-polar solvents. Moreover, they should provide an ideal model system to evaluate new electrokinetic theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - Laura L E Mears
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS-STFC , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton , Oxon OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
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35
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Xie G, Krys P, Tilton RD, Matyjaszewski K. Heterografted Molecular Brushes as Stabilizers for Water-in-Oil Emulsions. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of
Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Pawel Krys
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of
Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Robert D. Tilton
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of
Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of
Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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36
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Cheng S, Xue Y, Lu Y, Li X, Dong J. Thermoresponsive Pyrrolidone Block Copolymer Organogels from 3D Micellar Networks. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:105-112. [PMID: 31457214 PMCID: PMC6640968 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new series of amphiphilic pyrrolidone diblock copolymers poly[N-(2-methacrylaoyxyethyl)pyrrolidone]-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PNMP m -b-PMMA n ; where m is fixed at 37 and n is varied from 45 to 378) is developed. Spontaneously situ-gelling behaviors are observed in isopropanol when n varies from 117 to 230, whereas only dissolution or precipitation appears when n is beyond this region. Further analysis reveals that uniform thermoinduced reversible gel-sol transitions are observed in those organogels, which is attributed to the disassembly from micellar networks to micelles as confirmed by electron microscopy and other techniques. The gel-sol transition temperature is highly dependent on n and increases as n increases. Conformational interactions analyzed using 1H NMR and 2D Noesy NMR suggest that the thermoinduced stretch of solvophilic PNMP segments within micelles and the sequencing variation in the isopropanol molecules are the major cause of the gel-sol transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuozhen Cheng
- College
of Chemistry and Molecules Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xue
- College
of Chemistry and Molecules Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yechang Lu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecules Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Lonkey
Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510660, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College
of Chemistry and Molecules Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Molecules Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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37
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Cunningham VJ, Ning Y, Armes SP, Musa OM. Poly( N -2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nano-objects via RAFT alcoholic dispersion polymerisation in ethanol. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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38
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Wang Z, Wang Y. Tuning Amphiphilicity of Particles for Controllable Pickering Emulsion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E903. [PMID: 28774029 PMCID: PMC5457260 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions with the use of particles as emulsifiers have been extensively used in scientific research and industrial production due to their edge in biocompatibility and stability compared with traditional emulsions. The control over Pickering emulsion stability and type plays a significant role in these applications. Among the present methods to build controllable Pickering emulsions, tuning the amphiphilicity of particles is comparatively effective and has attracted enormous attention. In this review, we highlight some recent advances in tuning the amphiphilicity of particles for controlling the stability and type of Pickering emulsions. The amphiphilicity of three types of particles including rigid particles, soft particles, and Janus particles are tailored by means of different mechanisms and discussed here in detail. The stabilization-destabilization interconversion and phase inversion of Pickering emulsions have been successfully achieved by changing the surface properties of these particles. This article provides a comprehensive review of controllable Pickering emulsions, which is expected to stimulate inspiration for designing and preparing novel Pickering emulsions, and ultimately directing the preparation of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
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Derry MJ, Fielding LA, Warren NJ, Mable CJ, Smith AJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering studies of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles formed during polymerization-induced self-assembly in non-polar media. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5078-5090. [PMID: 30155157 PMCID: PMC6018718 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) is utilized to prepare a series of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nano-objects at 90 °C directly in mineral oil. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) occurs under these conditions, with the resulting nanoparticles exhibiting spherical, worm-like or vesicular morphologies when using a relatively short PSMA13 macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA), as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. Only kinetically-trapped spherical nanoparticles are obtained when using longer macro-CTAs (e.g. PSMA18 or PSMA31), with higher mean degrees of polymerization (DPs) for the PBzMA core-forming block simply producing progressively larger spheres. SAXS is used for the first time to monitor the various morphological transitions that occur in situ during the RAFT dispersion polymerization of BzMA when targeting either spheres or vesicles as the final copolymer morphology. This powerful characterization technique enables the evolution of particle diameter, mean aggregation number, number of copolymer chains per unit surface area (Sagg) and the distance between adjacent copolymer chains at the core-shell interface (dint) to be monitored as a function of monomer conversion for kinetically-trapped spheres. Moreover, the gradual evolution of copolymer morphology during PISA is confirmed unequivocally, with approximate 'lifetimes' assigned to the intermediate pure sphere and worm morphologies when targeting PSMA13-PBzMA150 vesicles. Within vesicle phase space, the membrane thickness (Tm) increases monotonically with PBzMA DP. Furthermore, a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), TEM and post mortem SAXS studies indicate that the lumen volume is reduced while the overall vesicle dimensions remain essentially constant. Thus the constrained vesicles grow inwards, as recently reported for an aqueous PISA formulation. This suggests a universal vesicle growth mechanism for all PISA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Lee A Fielding
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Charlotte J Mable
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd , Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , UK
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
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