1
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Cherkasov S, Parkhomenko D, Morozov D, Bagryanskaya E. A novel method of alkoxyamine homolysis activation via photochemical rearrangement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9754-9762. [PMID: 38470838 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05815h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We proposed the nitrone-oxaziridine rearrangement as a novel method for photochemical activation for the homolysis of alkoxyamine in nitroxide-mediated polymerization. The photoisomerization of the aldo-/ketonitrone-group into the oxaziridine one in 2,5-dihydroimidazole 3-oxide-based alkoxyamines was studied; the products of photolysis have been identified, and quantum yields were measured. Conversion of the nitrone group into the oxaziridine one was found to decrease the activation energy of alkoxyamine homolysis by ca. 10 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Cherkasov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 1, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy Parkhomenko
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentieva av. 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis Morozov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentieva av. 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentieva av. 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Abstract
Nitroxides, also known as nitroxyl radicals, are long-lived or stable radicals with the general structure R1R2N-O•. The spin distribution over the nitroxide N and O atoms contributes to the thermodynamic stability of these radicals. The presence of bulky N-substituents R1 and R2 prevents nitroxide radical dimerization, ensuring their kinetic stability. Despite their reactivity toward various transient C radicals, some nitroxides can be easily stored under air at room temperature. Furthermore, nitroxides can be oxidized to oxoammonium salts (R1R2N═O+) or reduced to anions (R1R2N-O-), enabling them to act as valuable oxidants or reductants depending on their oxidation state. Therefore, they exhibit interesting reactivity across all three oxidation states. Due to these fascinating properties, nitroxides find extensive applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis. This review focuses on the versatile applications of nitroxides in organic synthesis. For their use in other important fields, we will refer to several review articles. The introductory part provides a brief overview of the history of nitroxide chemistry. Subsequently, the key methods for preparing nitroxides are discussed, followed by an examination of their structural diversity and physical properties. The main portion of this review is dedicated to oxidation reactions, wherein parent nitroxides or their corresponding oxoammonium salts serve as active species. It will be demonstrated that various functional groups (such as alcohols, amines, enolates, and alkanes among others) can be efficiently oxidized. These oxidations can be carried out using nitroxides as catalysts in combination with various stoichiometric terminal oxidants. By reducing nitroxides to their corresponding anions, they become effective reducing reagents with intriguing applications in organic synthesis. Nitroxides possess the ability to selectively react with transient radicals, making them useful for terminating radical cascade reactions by forming alkoxyamines. Depending on their structure, alkoxyamines exhibit weak C-O bonds, allowing for the thermal generation of C radicals through reversible C-O bond cleavage. Such thermally generated C radicals can participate in various radical transformations, as discussed toward the end of this review. Furthermore, the application of this strategy in natural product synthesis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Lee K, Gilberti D, Yom C, Meza J, Stewart J, Lee M, Alvarez J, Hart A, Zheng J, Xing Y. Synthetic Electrochemistry Enabled Esterification via Oxidative Mesolytic Cleavage of Alkoxyamines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37367637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Stable benzylic carbocations were generated via mesolytic cleavage of TEMPO-derived alkoxyamines, which was realized by electrochemical oxidation. This strategy provided an efficient and unique approach to access stabilized carbocations under mild conditions. Esterification of benzylic carbocations using carboxylic acid produced a variety of benzylic esters with a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, United States
| | - Dante Gilberti
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, United States
| | - Clairissa Yom
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, United States
| | - Jacob Meza
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, United States
| | - Jamere Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, United States
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, United States
| | - Justin Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
| | - Abigail Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
| | - Justin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
| | - Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
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4
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Qian B, Zhang L, Zhang G, Fu Y, Zhu X, Shen G. Thermodynamic Evaluation on Alkoxyamines of TEMPO Derivatives, Stable Alkoxyamines or Potential Radical Donors? ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Chen Qian
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Gao‐Shuai Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hua Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
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5
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Cherkasov SA, Semikina AD, Kaletina PM, Polienko YF, Morozov DA, Maksimov AM, Kirilyuk IA, Bagryanskaya EG, Parkhomenko DA. The Kinetics of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Vinyl Monomers to 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-3-oxides. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1080-1086. [PMID: 34402220 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work [Edeleva et al. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 190-193], we proposed a versatile approach to the activation of the homolysis of an aldonitrone group-containing alkoxyamine by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to a vinyl monomer. Both nitroxide- and alkoxyamine-containing aldonitrones were found to be capable of reacting with the activated alkenes. In the present study, the kinetics of these reactions with 11 different vinyl monomers were investigated using EPR and NMR spectroscopy, and apparent activation energies as well as pre-exponential factors were determined. The influence of monomer structure on the rate of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is discussed. For the vinyl monomers typically used in nitroxide mediated polymerization (styrene, methyl methacrylate) the rate coefficient of cycloaddition to the nitroxide is around k(353 K) ∼4 ⋅ 10-4 L mol-1 s-1 , whereas for n-butyl acrylate and methyl vinyl ketone we observed the fastest cycloaddition reaction with k(353 K)=8 ⋅ 10-3 and 4 ⋅ 10-2 L mol-1 s-1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Cherkasov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anastasiya D Semikina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Polina M Kaletina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yulia F Polienko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Denis A Morozov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander M Maksimov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena G Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Parkhomenko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Guselnikova O, Audran G, Joly JP, Trelin A, Tretyakov EV, Svorcik V, Lyutakov O, Marque SRA, Postnikov P. Establishing plasmon contribution to chemical reactions: alkoxyamines as a thermal probe. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4154-4161. [PMID: 34163688 PMCID: PMC8179441 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of plasmon interaction with organic molecules is a subject of fierce discussion about thermal and non-thermal effects. Despite the abundance of physical methods for evaluating the plasmonic effects, chemical insight has not been reported yet. In this contribution, we propose a chemical insight into the plasmon effect on reaction kinetics using alkoxyamines as an organic probe through their homolysis, leading to the generation of nitroxide radicals. Alkoxyamines (TEMPO- and SG1-substituted) with well-studied homolysis behavior are covalently attached to spherical Au nanoparticles. We evaluate the kinetic parameters of homolysis of alkoxyamines attached on a plasmon-active surface under heating and irradiation at a wavelength of plasmon resonance. The estimation of kinetic parameters from experiments with different probes (Au-TEMPO, Au-SG1, Au-SG1-TEMPO) allows revealing the apparent differences associated with the non-thermal contribution of plasmon activation. Moreover, our findings underline the dependency of kinetic parameters on the structure of organic molecules, which highlights the necessity to consider the nature of organic transformations and molecular structure in plasmon catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Guselnikova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Russian Federation
| | - Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR case 551 Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean-Patrick Joly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR case 551 Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Andrii Trelin
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Evgeny V Tretyakov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky Prospect, 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Sylvain R A Marque
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR case 551 Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Pavel Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University Russian Federation
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
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7
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Audran G, Blyth MT, Coote ML, Gescheidt G, Hardy M, Havot J, Holzritter M, Jacoutot S, Joly JP, Marque SRA, Koumba TMM, Neshchadin D, Vaiedelich E. Homolysis/mesolysis of alkoxyamines activated by chemical oxidation and photochemical-triggered radical reactions at room temperature. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Instantaneous and spontaneous room temperature C–ON bond mesolysis of alkoxyamines triggered by chemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Mitchell T. Blyth
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/Z2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jeffrey Havot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Maxence Holzritter
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Samuel Jacoutot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Patrick Joly
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | | | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/Z2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Enzo Vaiedelich
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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8
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Abstract
In 1986, Rizzardo et al. discovered the nitroxide-mediated polymerization which relies on the reversibility of homolysis of the C-ON bond of alkoxyamine R1R2NOR3, a unique property of these molecules. This discovery has generated a tremendous endeavor in the field of polymer chemistry. Alkoxyamines have been used as initiators/controllers for nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Moreover, photoexcitable alkoxyamines that dissociate under light at different wavelengths have also been developed for polymer chemistry. Over the past few years, alkoxyamines have started to be used in materials sciences. In many cases (e.g., self-healing polymers), the development of smart materials requires the use of smart building blocks, that is, molecules or systems whose properties and/or structures change upon external stimuli. Alkoxyamines exhibit a unique property: reversible homolysis (i.e., homolysis of the C-ON bond into alkyl R3• and nitroxyl R1R2NO• radicals and reformation via the coupling of these two species). Until now, this property has been controlled only by changes in temperatures or by light irradiation. Chemical and/or biochemical control of the homolysis event would open new gates for the application of these molecules in different fields such as biology and medicine. Thus, the concept of smart alkoxyamines is discussed and exemplified via the activation of alkoxyamines using chemical or/and biochemical changes amplifying the polar, steric, and stabilization effects. In situ activation is also discussed. It is shown that (i) increasing the electron-withdrawing properties of the alkyl fragment weakens the C-ON bond and thus favors homolysis but is opposite for the nitroxyl fragment; (ii) increasing the steric hindrance on the nonactive site affords dramatic conformation changes which weaken the C-ON bond; and (iii) increasing the stabilization of the released alkyl radical weakens the C-ON bond. Solvent effects and intramolecular hydrogen bonding are also discussed. Reactions used to highlight our purpose are either reversible or nonreversible and used under conditions that are as mild as possible (temperatures below 40 °C and atmospheric pressure). For example, a several (thousands of millions of) millions of orders of magnitude enhancement of the homolysis rate constant is observed upon enzymatic hydrolysis at 37 °C, meaning that a shift from a stable alkoxyamine (t1/2 = 42 000 milleniums) to a highly labile alkoxyamine (tmax = 1500 s for 35% conversion) is achieved. Applications of this concept are discussed for safe NMP initiators and for theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex
20, France
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex
20, France
| | - Philippe Mellet
- INSERM, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS, Case 93, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
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Cherkasov S, Parkhomenko D, Genaev A, Salnikov G, Edeleva M, Morozov D, Rybalova T, Kirilyuk I, Marque SRA, Bagryanskaya E. NMR and EPR Study of Homolysis of Diastereomeric Alkoxyamines. Molecules 2020; 25:E5080. [PMID: 33139669 PMCID: PMC7663419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Three alkoxyamines based on imidazoline radicals with a pyridine functional group-potential initiators of nitroxide-mediated, controlled radical polymerization-were synthesized. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements reveal biexponential kinetics for the thermolysis for diastereomeric alkoxyamines and monoexponential kinetics for an achiral alkoxyamine. For comparison, the thermolysis of all three alkoxyamines was studied by NMR in the presence of three different scavengers, namely tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO), thiophenol (PhSH), and β-mercaptoethanol (BME), and detailed analysis of products was performed. NMR differentiates between N-inversion, epimerization, and homolysis reactions. The choice of scavenger is crucial for making a reliable and accurate estimate of the true homolysis rate constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Cherkasov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
- National Research University—Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Parkhomenko
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Alexander Genaev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Georgii Salnikov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Denis Morozov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Tatyana Rybalova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Igor Kirilyuk
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20, France;
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.C.); (D.P.); (A.G.); (G.S.); (M.E.); (D.M.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
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10
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Audran G, Bagryanskaya EG, Marque SRA, Postnikov P. New Variants of Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071481. [PMID: 32630664 PMCID: PMC7408045 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization is now a mature technique, at 35 years of age. During this time, several variants have been developed: enhanced spin capture polymerization (ESCP), photoNMP (NMP2), chemically initiated NMP (CI-NMP), spin label NMP (SL-NMP), and plasmon-initiated NMP (PI-NMP). This mini-review is devoted to the features and applications of these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (E.G.B); (S.R.A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Elena G. Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (E.G.B); (S.R.A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (E.G.B); (S.R.A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Pavel Postnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, Tomsk Oblast 634050, Russia
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (E.G.B); (S.R.A.M.); (P.P.)
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11
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Albalat M, Audran G, Holzritter M, Marque SRA, Mellet P, Vanthuyne N, Voisin P. An enzymatic acetal/hemiacetal conversion for the physiological temperature activation of the alkoxyamine C–ON bond homolysis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic trigger. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis by Subtilisin A, highly stable alkoxyamines are transformed into highly labile alkoxyamines able to homolyze spontaneously in less than 500 seconds, at 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | | | | | - Philippe Mellet
- INSERM
- 33076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques
- 33076 Bordeaux Cedex
| | | | - Pierre Voisin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques
- 33076 Bordeaux Cedex
- France
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12
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Edeleva M, Audran G, Marque S, Bagryanskaya E. Smart Control of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Initiators' Reactivity by pH, Complexation with Metals, and Chemical Transformations. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050688. [PMID: 30813542 PMCID: PMC6427375 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Because alkoxyamines are employed in a number of important applications, such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization, radical chemistry, redox chemistry, and catalysis, research into their reactivity is especially important. Typically, the rate of alkoxyamine homolysis is strongly dependent on temperature. Nonetheless, thermal regulation of such reactions is not always optimal. This review describes various ways to reversibly change the rate of C–ON bond homolysis of alkoxyamines at constant temperature. The major methods influencing C–ON bond homolysis without alteration of temperature are protonation of functional groups in an alkoxyamine, formation of metal–alkoxyamine complexes, and chemical transformation of alkoxyamines. Depending on the structure of an alkoxyamine, these approaches can have a significant effect on the homolysis rate constant, by a factor of up to 30, and can shorten the half-lifetime from days to seconds. These methods open new prospects for the application of alkoxyamines in biology and increase the safety of (and control over) the nitroxide-mediated polymerization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- National Research University-Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Gerard Audran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20, France.
| | - Sylvain Marque
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20, France.
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- National Research University-Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Audran G, Bagryanskaya E, Bagryanskaya I, Edeleva M, Joly JP, Marque SRA, Iurchenkova A, Kaletina P, Cherkasov S, Hai TT, Tretyakov E, Zhivetyeva S. How intramolecular coordination bonding (ICB) controls the homolysis of the C–ON bond in alkoxyamines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25776-25789. [PMID: 35530086 PMCID: PMC9070044 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the C–ON bond homolysis rate constant kd is an essential parameter of alkoxyamine reactivity, it is especially important to tune kd without a major alteration of the structure of the molecule. Recently, several approaches have become known, e.g., protonation of functional groups and formation of metal complexes. In this paper, coordination reactions of [Zn(hfac)2(H2O)2] with a series of new SG1-based alkoxyamines affording complexes with different structures are presented. The kd values of the complexed forms of the alkoxyamines were compared to those of free and protonated ones to reveal the contribution of the electron-withdrawing property and structure stabilization. Together with previously published data, this work provides clues to the design of alkoxyamines that can be effectively activated upon coordination with metal ions. Furthermore, our results provide insight into the mechanism underlying the influence of complexation on the reactivity of alkoxyamines. This led us to describe different types of coordination: intramolecular in nitroxyl fragment, intramolecular in alkyl fragment, intramolecular between alkyl and nitroxyl fragment, and intermolecular one. All of them exhibit different trends which are dramatically altered by changes in conformation. Because the C–ON bond homolysis rate constant kd is an essential parameter of alkoxyamine reactivity, it is especially important to tune kd without a major alteration of the structure of the molecule.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR
- UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Irina Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | | | | | | | - Polina Kaletina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Sergey Cherkasov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Tung To Hai
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR
- UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Evgeny Tretyakov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Svetlana Zhivetyeva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
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Edeleva M, Morozov D, Parkhomenko D, Polienko Y, Iurchenkova A, Kirilyuk I, Bagryanskaya E. Versatile approach to activation of alkoxyamine homolysis by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition for efficient and safe nitroxide mediated polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 55:190-193. [PMID: 30519689 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An alkoxyamine was prepared from a cyclic aldonitrone nitroxide. The resulting alkoxyamine containing an aldonitrone functional substituent is relatively stable but can react readily with vinyl monomers to form a cycloadduct that has a much higher C-ON homolysis rate. This type of in situ activation converts the aldonitrone alkoxyamine into an efficient controlling agent for nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Here we present a study on this reaction of C-ON bond homolysis and application of such an alkoxyamine as an in situ-activated initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Pr. Lavrentjeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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15
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Bentley KW, Dummit KA, Van Humbeck JF. A highly site-selective radical sp 3 C-H amination of azaheterocycles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6440-6445. [PMID: 30310574 PMCID: PMC6115697 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the development of a novel C-H amination strategy using both a Cu(ii) Lewis acid and an organic hydrogen atom transfer catalyst to activate benzylic C-H bonds adjacent to aromatic N-heterocycles. This simple methodology demonstrates very high selectivity towards azaheterocycles without using exogenous directing groups and affords excellent site selectivity in substrates with more than one reactive position. A wide range of heterocyclic structures not compatible with previously reported catalytic systems have proven to be amenable to this approach. Mechanistic investigations strongly support a radical-mediated H-atom abstraction, which explains the observed contrast to known closed-shell Lewis acid catalyzed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA
| | - Krysta A Dummit
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA
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Edeleva MV, Marque SR, Bagryanskaya EG. Imidazoline and imidazolidine nitroxides as controlling agents in nitroxide-mediated pseudoliving radical polymerization. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Audran G, Bikanga R, Brémond P, Edeleva M, Joly JP, Marque SRA, Nkolo P, Roubaud V. How intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB) controls the C-ON bond homolysis in alkoxyamines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8425-8439. [PMID: 28952643 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent amazing results (Nkolo et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017, 6167) on the effect of solvents and polarity on the C-ON bond homolysis rate constants kd of alkoxyamine R1R2NOR3 led us to re-investigate the antagonistic effect of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding (IHB) on kd. Here, IHB is investigated both in the nitroxyl fragment R1R2NO and in the alkyl fragment R3, as well as between fragments, that is, the donating group on the alkyl fragment and the accepting group on the nitroxyl fragment, and conversely. It appears that IHB between fragments (inter IHB) strikingly decreases the homolysis rate constant kd, whereas IHB within the fragment (intra IHB) moderately increases kd. For one alkoxyamine, the simultaneous occurrence of IHB within the nitroxyl fragment and between fragments is reported. The protonation effect is weaker in the presence than in the absence of IHB. A moderate solvent effect is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Raphael Bikanga
- Laboratoire de Substances Naturelles et de Synthèse Organométalliques Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, B.P. 943 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Paul Brémond
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Patrick Joly
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Sylvain R A Marque
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France. and N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Paulin Nkolo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Valérie Roubaud
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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Cooper JC, Luo C, Kameyama R, Van Humbeck JF. Combined Iron/Hydroxytriazole Dual Catalytic System for Site Selective Oxidation Adjacent to Azaheterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1243-1246. [PMID: 29345461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This report details a new method for site-selective methylene oxidation adjacent to azaheterocycles. A dual catalysis approach, utilizing both an iron Lewis acid and an organic hydroxylamine catalyst, proved highly effective. We demonstrate that this method provides complementary selectivity to other known catalytic approaches and represents an improvement over current heterocycle-selective reactions that rely on stoichiometric activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chaosheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryohei Kameyama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jeffrey F Van Humbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Audran G, Bagryanskaya E, Edeleva M, Marque SRA, Parkhomenko D, Tretyakov E, Zhivetyeva S. Coordination-Initiated Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (CI-NMP). Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of materials by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is well known nowadays. To increase the possible usefulness of NMP for the production of hybrid materials or polymer-decorated complexes, coordination-initiated NMP (CI-NMP) was developed and investigated here. CI-NMP was exemplified using the instantaneous and spontaneous reaction of alkoxyamines carrying a pyridyl moiety on the alkyl group and the Zn(hfac)2 (hfac: hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complex as a metal centre. NMP of styrene and n-butyl acrylate was carried out with either previously or in situ-prepared complexes. Both approaches afforded NMP of the same quality. The positive influence of metal centre coordination is highlighted by efficient NMP at 90°C.
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Audran G, Bikanga R, Brémond P, Joly JP, Marque SRA, Nkolo P. Normal, Leveled, and Enhanced Steric Effects in Alkoxyamines Carrying a β-Phosphorylated Nitroxyl Fragment. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5702-5709. [PMID: 28508644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The design of new R1R2NOR3 alkoxyamines for various applications relies on the accurate prediction of two kinetic parameters, the C-ON bond homolysis rate constant (kd) and its re-formation rate constant (kc). Relationships to describe the steric and polar effects of the R1R2NO fragment ruling kd have been developed. For all cyclic nitroxyl fragments, the steric effect is described as the sum of the bulkiness of the R1 and R2 groups (i.e., normal steric effect), while for the noncyclic nitroxyl fragment (except for one case), a leveled steric effect is assumed. In this work, we show that the normal steric effect also applies to noncyclic nitroxyl fragments and that for one case an enhanced steric effect is also observed, i.e., experimental kd >5-fold larger than the predicted value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Raphael Bikanga
- Laboratoire de Substances Naturelles et des Syntheses Organometalliques, Universite des Sciences et Technique de Masuku , B.P. 493, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Paul Brémond
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Patrick Joly
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Sylvain R A Marque
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.,N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS , Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Paulin Nkolo
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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