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Ipe RS, Kumar S, Benny F, Jayan J, Manoharan A, Sudevan ST, George G, Gahtori P, Kim H, Mathew B. A Concise Review of the Recent Structural Explorations of Chromones as MAO-B Inhibitors: Update from 2017 to 2023. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1310. [PMID: 37765118 PMCID: PMC10534638 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are a family of flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous amines. Multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are closely correlated with altered biogenic amine concentrations in the brain caused by MAO. Toxic byproducts of this oxidative breakdown, including hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, and ammonia, can cause oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain cells. Certain MAO-B blockers have been recognized as effective treatment options for managing neurological conditions, including AD and PD. There is still a pressing need to find potent therapeutic molecules to fight these disorders. However, the focus of neurodegeneration studies has recently increased, and certain compounds are now in clinical trials. Chromones are promising structures for developing therapeutic compounds, especially in neuronal degeneration. This review focuses on the MAO-B inhibitory potential of several synthesized chromones and their structural activity relationships. Concerning the discovery of a novel class of effective chromone-based selective MAO-B-inhibiting agents, this review offers readers a better understanding of the most recent additions to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Susan Ipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Feba Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Jayalakshmi Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Amritha Manoharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Sachitra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Ginson George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Prashant Gahtori
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
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Investigation of Direct and Retro Chromone-2-Carboxamides Based Analogs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Signal as New Anti-Biofilm Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040417. [PMID: 35455414 PMCID: PMC9026348 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is considered a major cause of therapeutic failure because bacteria in biofilms have higher protection against antimicrobials. Thus, biofilm-related infections are extremely challenging to treat and pose major concerns for public health, along with huge economic impacts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular, is a “critical priority” pathogen, responsible for severe infections, especially in cystic fibrosis patients because of its capacity to form resistant biofilms. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to complete the pipeline of molecules offering new targets and modes of action. Biofilm formation is mainly controlled by Quorum Sensing (QS), a communication system based on signaling molecules. In the present study, we employed a molecular docking approach (Autodock Vina) to assess two series of chromones-based compounds as possible ligands for PqsR, a LuxR-type receptor. Most compounds showed good predicted affinities for PqsR, higher than the PQS native ligand. Encouraged by these docking results, we synthesized a library of 34 direct and 25 retro chromone carboxamides using two optimized routes from 2-chromone carboxylic acid as starting material for both series. We evaluated the synthesized carboxamides for their ability to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in vitro. Overall, results showed several chromone 2-carboxamides of the retro series are potent inhibitors of the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilms (16/25 compound with % inhibition ≥ 50% at 50 μM), without cytotoxicity on Vero cells (IC50 > 1.0 mM). The 2,4-dinitro-N-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl) benzamide (6n) was the most promising antibiofilm compound, with potential for hit to lead optimization.
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Matthee C, Terre'Blanche G, Legoabe LJ, Janse van Rensburg HD. Exploration of chalcones and related heterocycle compounds as ligands of adenosine receptors: therapeutics development. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1779-1821. [PMID: 34176057 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian body where they are involved in an extensive list of physiological and pathological processes that scientists have only begun to decipher. Resultantly, AR agonists and antagonists have been the focus of multiple drug design and development programmes within the past few decades. Considered to be a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the chalcone framework has attracted a substantial amount of interest in this regard. Due to the potential liabilities associated with its structure, however, it has become necessary to explore other potentially promising compounds, such as heterocycles, which have successfully been obtained from chalcone precursors in the past. This review aims to summarise the emerging therapeutic importance of adenosine receptors and their ligands, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), while highlighting chalcone and heterocyclic derivatives as promising AR ligand lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.,Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Helena D Janse van Rensburg
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.
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Mohsin NUA, Irfan M, Hassan SU, Saleem U. Current Strategies in Development of New Chromone Derivatives with Diversified Pharmacological Activities: A Review. Pharm Chem J 2020; 54:241-257. [PMID: 32836513 PMCID: PMC7294000 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromone derivatives possess a spectrum of biological activities. Chromone has been recognized as a privileged structure for new drug invention and development. Substitution pattern of chromone scaffold determines different type of biological activities. The type, number and position of substituents connected to the chromone core play a vital role in determining pharmacological activities. In the present review, we have discussed new chromone derivatives as anticancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and as anti-Alzheimer agents. This review deals with the chromone derivatives prepared by combining chromone molecule with various natural and synthetic pharmacophores and pharmacological activities presented by them. The main aim is to highlight the diversified pharmacological activities exhibited by chromone hybrid molecules during the last eight to ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Amin Mohsin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shams Ul Hassan
- 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Usman Saleem
- 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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