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Barhum H, McDonnell C, Peltek O, Jain R, Amer M, Kain D, Elad-Sfadia G, Athamna M, Blinder P, Ginzburg P. In-Brain Multiphoton Imaging of Vaterite Cargoes Loaded with Carbon Dots. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38781101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible fluorescent agents are key contributors to the theranostic paradigm by enabling real-time in vivo imaging. This study explores the optical properties of phenylenediamine carbon dots (CDs) and demonstrates their potential for fluorescence imaging in cells and brain blood vessels. The nonlinear absorption cross-section of the CDs was measured and achieved values near 50 Goeppert-Mayer (GM) units with efficient excitation in the 775-895 nm spectral range. Mesoporous vaterite nanoparticles were loaded with CDs to examine the possibility of a biocompatible imaging platform. Efficient one- and two-photon imaging of the CD-vaterite composites uptaken by diverse cells was demonstrated. For an in vivo scenario, CD-vaterite composites were injected into the bloodstream of a mouse, and their flow was monitored within the blood vessels of the brain through a cranial window. These results show the potential of the platform for high-brightness biocompatible imaging with the potential for both sensing and simultaneous drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Cormac McDonnell
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oleksii Peltek
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Rudhvi Jain
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mariam Amer
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
| | - David Kain
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Galit Elad-Sfadia
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Athamna
- Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara 3007500, Israel
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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Magagula LP, Masemola CM, Ballim MA, Tetana ZN, Moloto N, Linganiso EC. Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084310. [PMID: 35457128 PMCID: PMC9025071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid population and economic growth, excessive use of fossil fuels, and climate change have contributed to a serious turn towards environmental management and sustainability. The agricultural sector is a big contributor to (lignocellulosic) waste, which accumulates in landfills and ultimately gets burned, polluting the environment. In response to the current climate-change crisis, policymakers and researchers are, respectively, encouraging and seeking ways of creating value-added products from generated waste. Recently, agricultural waste has been regularly appearing in articles communicating the production of a range of carbon and polymeric materials worldwide. The extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from biomass waste partially occupies some of the waste-recycling and management space. Further, the new materials generated from this waste promise to be effective and competitive in emerging markets. This short review summarizes recent work in the area of CNCs and CQDs synthesised from biomass waste. Synthesis methods, properties, and prospective application of these materials are summarized. Current challenges and the benefits of using biomass waste are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Precious Magagula
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Clinton Michael Masemola
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
| | - Muhammed As’ad Ballim
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Zikhona Nobuntu Tetana
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Moloto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Ella Cebisa Linganiso
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; (L.P.M.); (C.M.M.); (M.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (N.M.)
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
- Correspondence: or
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3
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Development of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Probes for Intracellular pH and Hypochlorite Sensing. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Acid-base and redox reactions are important mechanisms that affect the optical properties of fluorescent probes. Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) that possess tailored surface functionality enable a prompt response to regional stimuli, offering a useful platform for detection, sensing, and imaging. In this study, mPA CNPs were developed through one-pot hydrothermal reaction as a novel fluorescent probe (quantum yield = 10%) for pH and hypochlorite sensing. m-Phenylenediamine was chosen as the major component of CNPs for pH and hypochlorite responsiveness. Meanwhile, ascorbic acid with many oxygen-containing groups was introduced to generate favorable functionalities for improved water solubility and enhanced sensing response. Thus, the mPA CNPs could serve as a pH probe and a turn-off sensor toward hypochlorite at neutral pH through fluorescence change. The as-prepared mPA CNPs exhibited a linear fluorescence response over the pH ranges from pH 5.5 to 8.5 (R2 = 0.989), and over the concentration range of 0.125–1.25 μM for hypochlorite (R2 = 0.985). The detection limit (LOD) of hypochlorite was calculated to be 0.029 μM at neutral pH. The mPA CNPs were further applied to the cell imaging. The positively charged surface and nanoscale dimension of the mPA CNPs lead to their efficient intracellular delivery. The mPA CNPs were also successfully used for cell imaging and sensitive detection of hypochlorite as well as pH changes in biological systems. Given these desirable performances, the as-synthesized fluorescent mPA CNPs shows great potential as an optical probe for real-time pH and hypochlorite monitoring in living cells.
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Phukan K, Sarma RR, Dash S, Devi R, Chowdhury D. Carbon dot based nucleus targeted fluorescence imaging and detection of nuclear hydrogen peroxide in living cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:138-149. [PMID: 36132963 PMCID: PMC9416979 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the intracellular generation of H2O2, one of the most important reactive oxygen species (ROS), is crucial for preventing various diseases since it is closely linked with different physiological and complex cell signaling pathways. Despite the development of various fluorescent probes, the majority of the fluorescent probes cannot move across the nuclear membrane. However, detection of the nuclear level of H2O2 is very important since it can directly cause oxidative DNA damage which ultimately leads to various diseases. Therefore, in this study, p-phenylenediamine based carbon quantum dots (B-PPD CDs) have been synthesized and integrated with 4-formylbenzeneboronic acid as a doping agent for the detection of H2O2. The detection mechanism showed that, upon exposure to H2O2, the fluorescence of the B-PPD CDs was immediately quenched. Further investigation has been done in the in vitro RAW 264.7 cell line by both exogenous and endogenous exposure of H2O2 to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. It is shown successfully that the exogenous presence and endogenous generation of H2O2 in RAW 264.7 cells can be detected using B-PPD CDs. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.242 μM. The development of such imaging probes using carbon quantum dots will lead to live-cell imaging as well as ROS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabyashree Phukan
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division India +91 3612270095
| | - Ritwick Ranjan Sarma
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division India +91 3612270095
| | - Somarani Dash
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati-781035 India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati-781035 India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division India +91 3612270095
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5
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Barhum H, Alon T, Attrash M, Machnev A, Shishkin I, Ginzburg P. Multicolor Phenylenediamine Carbon Dots for Metal-Ion Detection with Picomolar Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:9919-9931. [PMID: 34622144 PMCID: PMC8488935 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots keep attracting attention in multidisciplinary fields, motivating the development of new compounds. Phenylenediamine C6H4(NH2)2 dots are known to exhibit colorful emission, which depends on size, composition, and the functional surface groups, forming those structures. While quite a few fabrication protocols have been developed, the quantum yield of phenylenediamine dots still does not exceed 50% owing to undesired fragment formation during carbonization. Here, we demonstrate that an ethylene glycol-based environment allows obtaining multicolor high-quantum-yield phenylenediamine carbon dots. In particular, a kinetic realization of solvothermal synthesis in acidic environments enhances carbonization reaction yield for meta phenylenediamine compounds and leads to quantum yields, exciting 60%. Reaction yield after the product's purification approaches 90%. Furthermore, proximity of metal ions (Nd3+, Co3+, La3+) can either enhance or quench the emission, depending on the concentration. Optical monitoring of the solution allows performing an accurate detection of ions at picomolar concentrations. An atomistic model of carbon dots was developed to confirm that the functional surface group positioning within the molecular structure has a major impact on dots' physicochemical properties. The high performance of new carbon dots paves the way toward their integration in numerous applications, including imaging, sensing, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tmiron Alon
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mohammed Attrash
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Andrey Machnev
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ivan Shishkin
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Physical Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
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6
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Ge G, Li L, Wang D, Chen M, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Wu X, Guo C. Carbon dots: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6553-6575. [PMID: 34328147 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new type of carbon nanomaterial that have unique physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and easy surface functionalization, making them widely used in biological imaging, environmental monitoring, chemical analysis, targeted drug delivery, disease diagnosis, therapy, etc. In this review, our content is mainly divided into four parts. In the first part, we focused on the preparation methods of CDs, including arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical oxidation, chemical oxidation, combustion, hydrothermal/solvent thermal, microwave, template, method etc. Next, we summarized methods of CD modification, including heteroatom doping and surface functionalization. Then, we discussed the optical properties of CDs (ultraviolet absorption, photoluminescence, up-conversion fluorescence, etc.). Lastly, we reviewed the common applications of CDs in biomedicine from the aspects of in vivo and in vitro imaging, sensors, drug delivery, cancer theranostics, etc. Furthermore, we also discussed the existing problems and the future development direction of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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7
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Sato R, Iso Y, Isobe T. Fluorescence Solvatochromism of Carbon Dot Dispersions Prepared from Phenylenediamine and Optimization of Red Emission. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15257-15266. [PMID: 31702929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are of interest as a promising alternative to quantum dots, partly because they do not include heavy metals. However, most CDs exhibit blue or green emission, while red-emitting CDs are required for a variety of applications. In the present work, CDs were synthesized by refluxing three phenylenediamine (PD) isomers with amino groups at different positions (o-PD, m-PD, and p-PD) in diphenyl ether at 250 °C for 4 h. Upon dispersing the resulting CDs in eight solvents with different polarities, emission colors ranging from green to red were observed. Among these CDs, p-PD-derived CDs exhibited both the longest emission wavelength range, from 538 to 635 nm, and the highest absolute red photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 15%. Herein the results are discussed based on a comparison of the polymerization processes of o-PD, m-PD, and p-PD. This work demonstrated that the optimum reaction time was 2 h, which yields a p-PD-derived CD dispersion in methanol with red emission and an absolute PLQY as high as 18%. Additionally, the use of 1-decanol and deuterated methanol in place of methanol improved the maximum absolute PLQY to 25% and 36%, respectively. These improved values are attributed to reduced concentration quenching by suppression of π-π stacking interactions and inhibition of the nonradiative relaxation process through the vibration of OH groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku , Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Yoshiki Iso
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku , Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Isobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku , Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
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8
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Rabchinskii M, Mironov L, Sgibnev Y, Kolesnikov I, Kurdyukov D, Eurov D, Kirilenko D, Shvidchenko A, Stolyarova D, Smirnov D, Golubev V. Fluorescence enhancement of monodisperse carbon nanodots treated with aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:475601. [PMID: 31430740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3cdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of monodisperse carbon nanodots (MCNDs) with a combination of aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide is found to result in a prominent enhancement of their fluorescence efficiency. Depending on the hydrogen peroxide concentration, an increase of the MCNDs quantum yield of up to seven-fold has been achieved. Considering the absence of prominent changes in fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence spectra upon the treatment it is suggested that the observed rise of fluorescence efficiency originates from additional formation of new isolated sp2 domains surrounded by defect sites. The structural modification of MCNDs induced by their treatment with combination of aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide is indicated by both transmission electron microscopy images and infrared spectra. The applied method has insignificant effect on the aggregation properties and size distribution of the studied MCNDs. Taking into account the proposed mechanism, the applied treatment procedure can serve as a basis for a facile approach for modification of emissive properties of various nanocarbon structures.
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9
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Kalaiyarasan G, Hemlata C, Joseph J. Fluorescence Turn-On, Specific Detection of Cystine in Human Blood Plasma and Urine Samples by Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1007-1014. [PMID: 31459376 PMCID: PMC6648919 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Determination of cystine in blood and urine is very important to monitor and maintain the bio metabolism, immune systems, and prevent the tissue/DNA damage from free radicals, diagnosis of cystinuria disease, cancer, and related autoimmune diseases. Among the various detection methods, fluorometric detection is simple, rapid, and sensitive to cystine using nontoxic, inexpensive, highly fluorescent, stable carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The CQDs are prepared from p-phenylenediamine by the hydrothermal method to get the inherent optical features of pH-dependent and excitation wavelength-independent fluorescence emission along with high aqueous stability due to pre-eminent nitrogen content. The red emission of CQDs originates from the intrinsic core that is associated with photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The turn-on fluorescence observed in presence of cystine is due to decrease in the PET by oxidation of CQDs. On the basis of this observation, we have developed an assay for the determination of cystine with a concentration range of 10 nM to 10 μM and the limit of detection is 0.4 nM. Additionally, our assay shows good recoveries (93-105%) for the spiked blood plasma and urine samples using the standard addition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Kalaiyarasan
- Electrodics
and Electrocatalysis Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical
Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, India
| | | | - James Joseph
- Electrodics
and Electrocatalysis Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical
Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, India
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10
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Tan C, Zhou C, Peng X, Zhi H, Wang D, Zhan Q, He S. Sulfuric Acid Assisted Preparation of Red-Emitting Carbonized Polymer Dots and the Application of Bio-Imaging. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:272. [PMID: 30203265 PMCID: PMC6134856 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Red-emitting carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) was prepared from p-phenylenediamine (p-PD) aqueous solution with the assistance of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and the optical properties and bio-imaging application were studied in this paper. Compared with other strong acids-assisted systems, SA-CPDs (prepared from H2SO4-assisted system, average diameter is ~ 5 nm) is the brightest. The photoluminescence Quantum Yields (QYs) is 21.4% (in water), and the product yield is 16.5%. SA-CPDs aqueous solution emits at 600 nm when excited by the light from 300 to 580 nm. The emission wavelength is independent on the excitation wavelength. Formation energies of CPDs in two ways were calculated to show that longitudinal growth (forming polymers) is difficult, and the transverse growth (forming CPDs) is easy. In addition, the two-photon photoluminescence properties (emitting at 602 nm when excited by 850 nm femtosecond pulse laser) of SA-CPDs were also utilized in the experiments for HeLa cells staining and shown to have potential applications in bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Tan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xingyun Peng
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Huozhen Zhi
- Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- JORCEP, Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Srivastava I, Misra SK, Tripathi I, Schwartz‐Duval A, Pan D. In Situ Time‐Dependent and Progressive Oxidation of Reduced State Functionalities at the Nanoscale of Carbon Nanoparticles for Polarity‐Driven Multiscale Near‐Infrared Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Srivastava
- Departments of Bioengineering Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Departments of Bioengineering Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Departments of Bioengineering Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Aaron Schwartz‐Duval
- Departments of Bioengineering Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL 61801 USA
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12
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Gu J, Li X, Hu D, Liu Y, Zhang G, Jia X, Huang W, Xi K. Green synthesis of amphiphilic carbon dots from organic solvents: application in fluorescent polymer composites and bio-imaging. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12556-12561. [PMID: 35541280 PMCID: PMC9079614 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have sparked tremendous attention due to their unique properties and vast potential in diverse fields. Herein, we report a green and cost-effective hydrothermal route for the synthesis of a series of CDs from readily available organics solvents. Since the organics were completely recyclable after the separation of CDs, this method holds immense potential for the large-scale synthesis of CDs. We found the DMF-CDs and DMAc-CDs possessed amphiphilicity and the diameter of amphiphilic DMF-CDs was ca. 3.5 nm with a narrow distribution. Moreover, these amphiphilic CDs emitted blue light under UV irradiation (365 nm) and the quantum yield could reach more than 30%. Due to their good solubility in organic solvent, DMF-CDs were successfully imbedded into polymers (i.e., PS and PMMA), which revealed their potential in painting, coating, and optical devices. In addition, benefiting from high quantum yield and low cytotoxicity, the DMF-CDs in aqueous media were used as fluorescent probes in living cells, which demonstrated their great potential in bio-imaging. We prepared several CDs via a recycle hydrothermal route, which could be applied for fluorescent polymer composites and bio-imaging.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiang Gu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- PR China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Donghua Hu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- PR China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- PR China
| | - Guiyang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- PR China
| | - Xudong Jia
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- PR China
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Kai Xi
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- PR China
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Zhang T, Zhu J, Zhai Y, Wang H, Bai X, Dong B, Wang H, Song H. A novel mechanism for red emission carbon dots: hydrogen bond dominated molecular states emission. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13042-13051. [PMID: 28836649 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03570e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as novel fluorescent probes due to their remarkable optical properties; however, red emission is still rare, has a relatively low efficiency, and its mechanism remains ambiguous. Herein, relatively efficient red-emission CDs based on p-phenylenediamine were prepared through various solvothermal means, where the highest quantum yield approached 41.1% in n-amyl alcohol, which was the most efficient quantum yield reported to date. Various structural characterizations were performed and confirmed that the red emission originated from the molecular states consisting of a nitrogen-containing organic fluorophore. The CDs were dispersed in different organic solvents and showed tunable emission, evolving from green to orange-red in aprotic solvents and a red emission in protic solvents. Further solvent correlation studies indicated that the hydrogen bond effect between the CDs and solvents was the main mechanism leading to the spectral shift. Accordingly, solid-state luminescent CDs-polymers were fabricated, which also demonstrated continuously tunable emission properties. This work opens a new window for recognizing the generation of tunable and red-emission CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
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14
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Tan C, Su X, Zhou C, Wang B, Zhan Q, He S. Acid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of red fluorescent carbon dots for sensitive detection of Fe(iii). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Red-emitting carbon dots (C-dots) were synthesized from p-phenylenediamine (p-PD) aqueous solution with nitric acid (HNO3) assistance by hydrothermal reaction at 200 °C for 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Tan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- 510006 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiuya Su
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- 510006 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- 510006 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- 510006 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- 510006 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- 510006 Guangzhou
- China
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15
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Sun XY, Wu LL, Shen JS, Cao XG, Wen C, Liu B, Wang HQ. Highly selective and sensitive sensing for Al3+ and F− based on green photoluminescent carbon dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel sensor for metal ions by mean of CDs with a PL enhancement response, which shows high sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the CDs-Al3+ ions system could be employed to probe F− anions based on a PL “on–off” model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Lu-Lu Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Jiang-Shan Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Xue-Gong Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Cunjin Wen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
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16
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Kong D, Yan F, Han Z, Xu J, Guo X, Chen L. Cobalt(ii) ions detection using carbon dots as an sensitive and selective fluorescent probe. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12986b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots were explored for fluorescent detection of Co2+ through metal–ligand interaction. Moreover, the quenched fluorescence can be turned on with the addition of biothiols, which demonstrates the possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Fanyong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Ziyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Jinxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Xingfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- PR China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
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