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Rathee P, Sehrawat R, Rathee P, Khatkar A, Akkol EK, Khatkar S, Redhu N, Türkcanoğlu G, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Polyphenols: Natural Preservatives with Promising Applications in Food, Cosmetics and Pharma Industries; Problems and Toxicity Associated with Synthetic Preservatives; Impact of Misleading Advertisements; Recent Trends in Preservation and Legislation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4793. [PMID: 37445107 PMCID: PMC10343617 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The global market of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products requires continuous tracking of harmful ingredients and microbial contamination for the sake of the safety of both products and consumers as these products greatly dominate the consumer's health, directly or indirectly. The existence, survival, and growth of microorganisms in the product may lead to physicochemical degradation or spoilage and may infect the consumer at another end. It has become a challenge for industries to produce a product that is safe, self-stable, and has high nutritional value, as many factors such as physical, chemical, enzymatic, or microbial activities are responsible for causing spoilage to the product within the due course of time. Thus, preservatives are added to retain the virtue of the product to ensure its safety for the consumer. Nowadays, the use of synthetic/artificial preservatives has become common and has not been widely accepted by consumers as they are aware of the fact that exposure to preservatives can lead to adverse effects on health, which is a major area of concern for researchers. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds appear to be extensively used as bio-preservatives to prolong the shelf life of the finished product. Based on the convincing shreds of evidence reported in the literature, it is suggested that phenolic compounds and their derivatives have massive potential to be investigated for the development of new moieties and are proven to be promising drug molecules. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the significant role of phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the preservation of perishable products from microbial attack due to their exclusive antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties and the problems associated with the use of synthetic preservatives in pharmaceutical products. This article also analyzes the recent trends in preservation along with technical norms that regulate the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products in the developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rathee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak 124021, India;
| | - Renu Sehrawat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India;
| | - Pooja Rathee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Sarita Khatkar
- Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Neelam Redhu
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Gizem Türkcanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Halloysite Nanotubes and Sepiolite for Health Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054801. [PMID: 36902232 PMCID: PMC10003602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for safe, therapeutically effective, and patient-compliant drug delivery systems continuously leads researchers to design novel tools and strategies. Clay minerals are widely used in drug products both as excipients and active agents but, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in research aimed at the development of new organic or inorganic nanocomposites. The attention of the scientific community has been drawn by nanoclays, thanks to their natural origin, worldwide abundance, availability, sustainability, and biocompatibility. In this review, we focused our attention on the studies inherent to the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of halloysite and sepiolite, and their semi-synthetic or synthetic derivatives, as drug delivery systems. After having described the structure of both materials and their biocompatibility, we delineate the use of the nanoclays to enhance the stability, the controlled release, the bioavailability, and the adsorption properties of drugs. Several types of surface functionalization have been discussed, showing that these materials could be used for the development of an innovative therapeutic approach.
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Maurya VK, Shakya A, Bashir K, Kushwaha SC, McClements DJ. Vitamin A fortification: Recent advances in encapsulation technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2772-2819. [PMID: 35384290 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient whose deficiency is still a major health concern in many regions of the world. It plays an essential role in human growth and development, immunity, and vision, but may also help prevent several other chronic diseases. The total amount of vitamin A in the human diet often falls below the recommended dietary allowance of approximately 900-1000 μ $ \umu $ g/day for a healthy adult. Moreover, a significant proportion of vitamin A may be degraded during food processing, storage, and distribution, thereby reducing its bioactivity. Finally, the vitamin A in some foods has a relatively low bioavailability, which further reduces its efficacy. The World Health Organization has recommended fortification of foods and beverages as a safe and cost-effective means of addressing vitamin A deficiency. However, there are several factors that must be overcome before effective fortified foods can be developed, including the low solubility, chemical stability, and bioavailability of this oil-soluble vitamin. Consequently, strategies are required to evenly disperse the vitamin throughout food matrices, to inhibit its chemical degradation, to avoid any adverse interactions with any other food components, to ensure the food is palatable, and to increase its bioavailability. In this review article, we discuss the chemical, physical, and nutritional attributes of vitamin A, its main dietary sources, the factors contributing to its current deficiency, and various strategies to address these deficiencies, including diet diversification, biofortification, and food fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India
| | - Amita Shakya
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India.,Division of Biotechnology, Cytogene Research & Development, Lucknow, India
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Chand Kushwaha
- Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gutschmidt D, Hazra RS, Zhou X, Xu X, Sabzi M, Jiang L. Electrospun, sepiolite-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)/soy protein isolate nanofibers: Preparation, characterization, and their drug release behavior. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120172. [PMID: 33321171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound management and drug release are important applications for electrospun nanofibers. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)/soy protein isolate (PVA/SPI) nanofiber mats were produced by electrospinning and used as drug carriers. The mats were loaded with ketoprofen by dissolving the drug in the solutions for nanofiber electrospinning. To improve drug release control of the nanofiber mats, a natural tubular nanoparticle, sepiolite, was used as a secondary release control tool. Three types of nanofiber mats were fabricated by electrospinning the solutions prepared by 1) direct mixing of PVA, SPI, and ketoprofen, 2) direct mixing of PVA, SPI, sepiolite, and ketoprofen, and 3) mixing PVA, SPI, and ketoprofen-preloaded sepiolite. The drug release behavior of the mats was studied using UV-vis spectroscopy and the mechanical properties of the mats were investigated by tensile testing. The results showed that sepiolite had a high impact on the release of ketoprofen, with the drug-loaded sepiolite leading to the slowest release. The incorporation of SPI and sepiolite into the PVA nanofibers also increased the mechanical strength of the mats, making them easier to handle and potentially longer-lasting. This study demonstrated the potential of using natural biomaterials and nanomaterials as the components of controlled-release drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gutschmidt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
| | - Raj Shankar Hazra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States; Program of Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States; Program of Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
| | - Mohammad Sabzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States; Program of Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
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Massaro M, Colletti CG, Lazzara G, Riela S. The Use of Some Clay Minerals as Natural Resources for Drug Carrier Applications. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:E58. [PMID: 30347697 PMCID: PMC6306778 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of modern research is to use environmentally preferable materials. In this context, clay minerals are emerging candidates for their bio- and ecocompatibility, low cost and natural availability. Clay minerals present different morphologies according to their layer arrangements. The use of clay minerals, especially in biomedical applications is known from ancient times and they are regaining attention in recent years. The most representative clay minerals are kaolinit, montmorillonite, sepiolites and halloysite. This review summarizes some clay minerals and their derivatives for application as nanocontainer for biologically active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Massaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Carmelo Giuseppe Colletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Serena Riela
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Abstract
Clays for drug delivery have been used from ancient time due to the large availability of clay minerals and their unprecedented properties. The empirical use of nanoclays from the past is converted in a stimulating scientific task aimed at building up nanoarchitectonic vehicles for drug delivery in a targeted and stimuli-responsive fashion. Here the historical aspects are discussed; next the modern examples of applications of different clay-based materials are discussed. A special focus is given to halloysite clay nanotubes, which are an emerging and very promising nanomaterial for drug-delivery purposes due to its special morphology and unique chemical properties. Advantages and limitations of these natural nanomaterials are critically discussed pointing out the future perspectives and directions for further research.
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