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Li M, Wang Z, Meng H, Wang D, Deng X, Zhou H. Formulation and Characterization of Matrine Oil Dispersion to Improve Droplet Wetting and Deposition. Molecules 2023; 28:6896. [PMID: 37836739 PMCID: PMC10574598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The unreasonable use of chemical pesticides has caused serious damage to crops and the ecological environment. The botanical pesticide matrine has attracted attention as an environmentally friendly pesticide. Compared with traditional spraying methods, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying has the advantages of safety, rapidity, uniform droplets, low dosages, and no terrain or crop restrictions. In this study, matrine OD was prepared according to the application requirements of flight prevention preparations using three different emulsifiers. The stability, wettability, particle size and distribution, and spraying performance of matrine OD were studied. The results indicated that when the amount of emulsifier was 8%, the three types of matrine OD had good stability. The stability, wettability, particle size and distribution, and spray performance of the suspension prepared using emulsifier VO/03 were better than the other two emulsifiers. Therefore, matrine OD prepared using 8% VO/03 could be used for ultra-low-volume sprays and aerial applications. In this study, we provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance to develop pesticide formulations for aerial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Pesticide Creation and Resource Utilization Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.L.); (Z.W.); (H.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Pesticide Creation and Resource Utilization Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.L.); (Z.W.); (H.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Huanwen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Pesticide Creation and Resource Utilization Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.L.); (Z.W.); (H.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Pesticide Creation and Resource Utilization Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.L.); (Z.W.); (H.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Xile Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hongyou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Pesticide Creation and Resource Utilization Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.L.); (Z.W.); (H.M.); (D.W.)
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Dunne JB, Grant SL, Golus JA, Perine JW, Wolf S, Winchell M, Ledson TM, Whenham I. Measuring and preliminary modeling of drift interception by plant species. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:641-651. [PMID: 36863723 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the concept of plant capture efficiency is not quantitatively considered in the evaluation of off-target drift for the purposes of pesticide risk assessment in the United States. For on-target pesticide applications, canopy capture efficiency is managed by optimizing formulations or tank-mixing with adjuvants to maximize retention of spray droplets. These efforts take into consideration the fact that plant species have diverse morphology and surface characteristics, and as such will retain varying levels of applied pesticides. This work aims to combine plant surface wettability potential, spray droplet characteristics, and plant morphology into describing the plant capture efficiency of drifted spray droplets. In this study, we used wind tunnel experiments and individual plants grown to 10-20 cm to show that at two downwind distances and with two distinct nozzles capture efficiency for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is consistently higher than rice (Oryza sativa L.), peas (Pisum sativum L). and onions (Allium cepa L.), with carrots (Daucus carota L.) showing high variability and falling between the two groups. We also present a novel method for three-dimensional modeling of plants from photogrammetric scanning and use the results in the first known computational fluid dynamics simulations of drift capture efficiency on plants. The mean simulated drift capture efficiency rates were within the same order of magnitude of the mean observed rates of sunflower and lettuce, and differed by one to two orders for rice and onion. We identify simulating the effects of surface roughness on droplet behavior, and the effects of wind flow on plant movement as potential model improvements requiring further species-specific data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey A Golus
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, North Platte, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Stefan Wolf
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Stein, Switzerland
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Wang S, Li X, Nuyttens D, Zhang L, Liu Y, Li X. Evaluationof compact air-induction flat fan nozzles for herbicide applications: Spray drift and biological efficacy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1018626. [PMID: 36818846 PMCID: PMC9936156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1018626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nozzles are the most critical component of a sprayer for pesticide applications. Recently, air-induction nozzles and twin flat-fan air-induction nozzles have started to be used for herbicide applications. In order to evaluate the potential of compact air-induction nozzles for herbicide spraying, this paper compares the effects of air-induction nozzles and standard flat-fan nozzles on spray atomization, deposition, drift, and weed control efficacy in maize and wheat. Droplet spectra were measured by a laser particle size analyzer, and drift potential values were determined using a drift test bench (ISO 22401). A field study was conducted to compare the spray drift and biological efficacy between Lechler standard flat-fan nozzles and compact air-induction nozzles including different nozzle sizes. In the range from 0.2 to 0.4 MPa, the droplet size classes of the LU and ST nozzles were very similar and ranged from fine to very fine, while the droplets of the air-induction nozzles IDK and IDKT were medium or coarse depending on the spray pressure and nozzle size. The drift potential trials showed that the droplet size characteristics, mainly V 100, are strongly linked with the drift reduction potential. Both drift potential and field results showed that the compact air-induction nozzles had a good performance in drift reduction. In terms of weed control biological efficacy, there were no significant differences between standard flat-fan nozzles and air-induction nozzles. In all cases, the efficacy values were above 80% both in maize and in wheat. In conclusion, air-induction nozzles are recommended for herbicide applications as they provide good biological efficacy while significantly reducing the amount of spray drift, which is of great significance for the protection of the environment and the surrounding sensitive crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjie Li
- Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co Ltd, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - David Nuyttens
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lanting Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajia Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Qiu W, Guo H, Cao Y, Li X, Wu J, Chen Y, Yu H, Zhang Z. An electrical vortex air-assisted spraying system for improving droplet deposition on rice. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4037-4047. [PMID: 35638857 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve droplet deposition rates at the base of rice, an electrical vortex air-assisted spraying system for small- and medium-sized high-clearance boom sprayers was developed. This system uses vortex airflows to guide droplets to the base of rice and the back of leaves, as well as to increase leaf perturbation and droplet penetration and deposition. RESULTS The spatial distribution of the airflow field generated by this system and the effects of the canopy on the airflow field were described. An orthogonal experiment was performed in a rice field based on fan speed, auxiliary airflow angle, and spray height as the experimental factors. It was discovered that a fan speed of 4000 rpm, auxiliary airflow angle of 0°, and spray height of 30 cm were optimal for droplet deposition at the base of the canopy. These settings resulted in droplet coverage of 54.5% and 35.9% on the front and back of the leaves, respectively, which are 48% and 104% higher than that on the front and back sides of leaves without an auxiliary airflow, respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with the traditional application method, vortex air-assisted application significantly improved the rate of droplet coverage in rice canopy of different area. Hence, vortex air-assisted application enables new approaches and methods for rice crop protection. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Technology-extending department, Zhangjiagang Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yunfu Chen
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfeng Yu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Cao Y, Xi T, Xu L, Qiu W, Guo H, Lv X, Li C. Computational fluid dynamics simulation experimental verification and analysis of droplets deposition behaviour on vibrating pear leaves. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:80. [PMID: 35690789 PMCID: PMC9188186 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between canopy and droplets is very important in the process of crop spraying. During the actual air-assisted application process, air-mist flow inevitably disturbs the leaves before droplets reaching them, which will also affect the final deposition state of the droplets on the leaf. Currently, researches on the interaction between droplets and the target leaf surface mainly focuses on the deposition behaviour on the surface of stationary target leaves rather than the dynamic leaves. Therefore, the deposition characteristics after the collision between the droplets and dynamic leaves are important for practical application and worth further study. RESULTS Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to characterise the surface roughness, contact angle, and mechanical vibration. The interaction platform between the droplet and the vibrating pear leaf was built for experimental verification under laboratory conditions. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which revealed the main reason for the droplet spreading and sliding was the inertial force generated by the relative velocity. It also indicated that the pear leaf vibration can improve the deposition of low-velocity and small droplets, which is different from that of static pear leaves. CONCLUSION The deposition effect of droplets in vibrating pear leaves was investigated. This study also provides a simulation method for the collision between a vibrating leaf and moving droplets, and provides reference for the study of droplet deposition characteristics under the vibration of fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Cao
- College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Te Xi
- College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Lujiang Xu
- College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China.
| | - Hongbin Guo
- College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Xiaolan Lv
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
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Liu ZH, Xu HZ, Chen WC, Li YB, Zhang LL, Chu GW. Dispersion characteristics of liquid jet impacting on the rotating single-layer wire mesh with different surface wettabilities. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Roth-Nebelsick A, Konrad W, Ebner M, Miranda T, Thielen S, Nebelsick JH. When rain collides with plants-patterns and forces of drop impact and how leaves respond to them. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1155-1175. [PMID: 35038724 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Raindrop impact on leaves is a common event which is of relevance for numerous processes, including the dispersal of pathogens and propagules, leaf wax erosion, gas exchange, leaf water absorption, and interception and storage of rainwater by canopies. The process of drop impact is complex, and its outcome depends on many influential factors. The wettability of plants has been recognized as an important parameter which is itself complex and difficult to determine for leaf surfaces. Other important parameters include leaf inclination angle and the ability of leaves to respond elastically to drop impact. Different elastic motions are initiated by drop impact, including local deformation, flapping, torsion, and bending, as well as 'swinging' of the petiole. These elastic responses, which occur on different time scales, can affect drop impact directly or indirectly, by changing the leaf inclination. An important feature of drop impact is splashing, meaning the fragmentation of the drop with ejection of satellite droplets. This process is promoted by the kinetic energy of the drop and leaf traits. For instance, a dense trichome cover can suppress splashing. Basic drop impact patterns are presented and discussed for a number of different leaf types, as well as some exemplary mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Roth-Nebelsick
- State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wilfried Konrad
- University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Technical University of Dresden, Institute of Botany, Zellescher Weg 20b, D-01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ebner
- University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatiana Miranda
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Thielen
- University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - James H Nebelsick
- University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Tredenick EC, Farrell TW, Forster WA. Mathematical Modeling of Diffusion of a Hydrophilic Ionic Fertilizer in Plant Cuticles: Surfactant and Hygroscopic Effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1888. [PMID: 30619434 PMCID: PMC6306450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural industry requires improved efficacy of sprays being applied to crops and weeds to reduce their environmental impact and increase financial returns. One way to improve efficacy is by enhancing foliar penetration. The plant leaf cuticle is the most significant barrier to agrochemical diffusion within the leaf. The importance of a mechanistic mathematical model has been noted previously in the literature, as each penetration experiment is dictated by its specific parameters, namely plant species, environmental conditions such as relative humidity and spray formulation including adjuvant addition. A mechanistic mathematical model has been previously developed by the authors, focusing on plant cuticle diffusion of calcium chloride through tomato fruit cuticles including pore swelling, ion binding and evaporation, along with the ability to vary the active ingredient concentration and type, relative humidity and plant species. Here we further develop this model to include adjuvant effects as well as the hygroscopic nature of deliquescent ionic solutions with evaporation on the cuticle surface. These modifications to a penetration and evaporation model provide a novel addition to the literature and allow the model to be applied to many types of evaporating ionic hygroscopic solutions on many types of substrates, not just plant cuticles. We validate our theoretical model results against appropriate experimental data, discuss key sensitivities and relate theoretical predictions to physical mechanisms. The important governing mechanisms influencing surfactant enhanced penetration of ionic active through plant cuticles were found to be aqueous pore radius, pore density, cuticle thickness and initial contact angle of the applied droplet; ion binding, relative humidity and evaporation including hygroscopic water absorption parameters for point of deliquescence. The sensitivity analysis indicated surfactants increase penetration by changing the point of deliquescence of a solution, which alters the water absorption and the initial contact angle, which alters the number of pores under the droplet. The results of the validation and sensitivity analysis imply that this model accounts for many of the mechanisms governing penetration in plant cuticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. C. Tredenick
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - T. W. Farrell
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - W. A. Forster
- Plant Protection Chemistry NZ Ltd., Rotorua, New Zealand
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Cao C, Zhou ZL, Cao LD, Zheng L, Xu J, Li FM, Huang QL. Influence of the surface limiting elasticity modulus on the impact behavior of droplets of difenoconazole-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles with associated SDS. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6070-6075. [PMID: 29987304 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The relation between the surface limiting elasticity modulus, ε0, of difenoconazole-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (DF-MSN) formulations with associated SDS and the height of the first returning droplet impacting on cabbage and rice leaf surfaces was investigated. The surface dilational rheology properties were determined by means of surface tension relaxation. The impact of a droplet on the leaf surface was recorded with a high-speed camera. The surface limiting elasticity modulus, ε0, shows differences with different SDS concentrations. A positive correlation between droplet first rebound height and the surface limiting elasticity modulus, ε0, is observed. The pesticide droplet impact on the target leaf surface is a rather complex phenomenon, so the focus of this article is to establish a relationship between the surface limiting elasticity modulus, ε0, and droplet first rebound height. These findings introduce a chemical way to affect the impact behavior of pesticide droplets on target crop leaf surfaces, which may be of particular importance for pesticide spraying and crop protection, especially for hydrophobic and superhydrophobic target crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ambaw A, Dekeyser D, Vanwalleghem T, Van Hemelrijck W, Nuyttens D, Delele M, Ramon H, Nicolai B, Bylemans D, Opara U, Verboven P. Experimental and numerical analysis of the spray application on apple fruit in a bin for postharvest treatments. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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