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Amin ML, Mawad D, Dokos S, Sorrell CC. Comparative Bioactivities of Chemically Modified Fucoidan and λ-Carrageenan toward Cells Encapsulated in Covalently Cross-Linked Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3131-3140. [PMID: 38554085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The sulfated marine polysaccharides, fucoidan and λ-carrageenan, are known to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cellular protective properties. Although they hold considerable promise for tissue engineering constructs, their covalent cross-linking in hydrogels and comparative bioactivities to cells are absent from the literature. Thus, fucoidan and λ-carrageenan were modified with methacrylate groups and were covalently cross-linked with the synthetic polymer poly(vinyl alcohol)-methacrylate (PVA-MA) to form 20 wt % biosynthetic hydrogels. Identical degrees of methacrylation were confirmed by 1H NMR, and covalent conjugation was determined by using a colorimetric 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue (DMMB) assay. Pancreatic beta cells were encapsulated in the hydrogels, followed by culturing in the 3D environment for a prolonged period of 32 days and evaluation of the cellular functionality by live/dead, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) level, and insulin secretion. The results confirmed that fucoidan and λ-carrageenan exhibited ∼12% methacrylate substitution, which generated hydrogels with stable conjugation of the polysaccharides with PVA-MA. The cells encapsulated in the PVA-fucoidan hydrogels demonstrated consistently high ATP levels over the culture period. Furthermore, only cells in the PVA-fucoidan hydrogels retained glucose responsiveness, demonstrating comparatively higher insulin secretion in response to glucose. In contrast, cells in the PVA-λ-carrageenan and the PVA control hydrogels lost all glucose responsiveness. The present work confirms the superior effects of chemically modified fucoidan over λ-carrageenan on pancreatic beta cell survival and function in covalently cross-linked hydrogels, thereby illustrating the importance of differential polysaccharide structural features on their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lutful Amin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Socrates Dokos
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Charles C Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Shakiba D, Genin GM, Zustiak SP. Mechanobiology of cancer cell responsiveness to chemotherapy and immunotherapy: Mechanistic insights and biomaterial platforms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114771. [PMID: 36889646 PMCID: PMC10133187 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are central to how cancer treatments such as chemotherapeutics and immunotherapies interact with cells and tissues. At the simplest level, electrostatic forces underlie the binding events that are critical to therapeutic function. However, a growing body of literature points to mechanical factors that also affect whether a drug or an immune cell can reach a target, and to interactions between a cell and its environment affecting therapeutic efficacy. These factors affect cell processes ranging from cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix remodeling to transduction of signals by the nucleus to metastasis of cells. This review presents and critiques the state of the art of our understanding of how mechanobiology impacts drug and immunotherapy resistance and responsiveness, and of the in vitro systems that have been of value in the discovery of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Shakiba
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guy M Genin
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Silviya P Zustiak
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Kamperman T, Willemen NGA, Kelder C, Koerselman M, Becker M, Lins L, Johnbosco C, Karperien M, Leijten J. Steering Stem Cell Fate within 3D Living Composite Tissues Using Stimuli-Responsive Cell-Adhesive Micromaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205487. [PMID: 36599686 PMCID: PMC10074101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered living microtissues such as cellular spheroids and organoids have enormous potential for the study and regeneration of tissues and organs. Microtissues are typically engineered via self-assembly of adherent cells into cellular spheroids, which are characterized by little to no cell-material interactions. Consequently, 3D microtissue models currently lack structural biomechanical and biochemical control over their internal microenvironment resulting in suboptimal functional performance such as limited stem cell differentiation potential. Here, this work report on stimuli-responsive cell-adhesive micromaterials (SCMs) that can self-assemble with cells into 3D living composite microtissues through integrin binding, even under serum-free conditions. It is demonstrated that SCMs homogeneously distribute within engineered microtissues and act as biomechanically and biochemically tunable designer materials that can alter the composite tissue microenvironment on demand. Specifically, cell behavior is controlled based on the size, stiffness, number ratio, and biofunctionalization of SCMs in a temporal manner via orthogonal secondary crosslinking strategies. Photo-based mechanical tuning of SCMs reveals early onset stiffness-controlled lineage commitment of differentiating stem cell spheroids. In contrast to conventional encapsulation of stem cell spheroids within bulk hydrogel, incorporating cell-sized SCMs within stem cell spheroids uniquely provides biomechanical cues throughout the composite microtissues' volume, which is demonstrated to be essential for osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Niels G. A. Willemen
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Cindy Kelder
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Michelle Koerselman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Malin Becker
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Luanda Lins
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Castro Johnbosco
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
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4
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Engineering Hydrogels for Modulation of Dendritic Cell Function. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020116. [PMID: 36826287 PMCID: PMC9957133 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for the effective activation of naïve T cells. DCs encounter numerous microenvironments with different biophysical properties, such as stiffness and viscoelasticity. Considering the emerging importance of mechanical cues for DC function, it is essential to understand the impacts of these cues on DC function in a physiological or pathological context. Engineered hydrogels have gained interest for the exploration of the impacts of biophysical matrix cues on DC functions, owing to their extracellular-matrix-mimetic properties, such as high water content, a sponge-like pore structure, and tunable mechanical properties. In this review, the introduction of gelation mechanisms of hydrogels is first summarized. Then, recent advances in the substantial effects of developing hydrogels on DC function are highlighted, and the potential molecular mechanisms are subsequently discussed. Finally, persisting questions and future perspectives are presented.
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5
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Rana D, Kandar A, Salehi-Nik N, Inci I, Koopman B, Rouwkema J. Spatiotemporally controlled, aptamers-mediated growth factor release locally manipulates microvasculature formation within engineered tissues. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:71-84. [PMID: 35087964 PMCID: PMC8777207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Rana
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ajoy Kandar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Nasim Salehi-Nik
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ilyas Inci
- Izmir Democracy University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Dentistry Services, Dental Prosthetics Technology, Izmir, 35140, Turkey
| | - Bart Koopman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Zhang X, Xiang J, Hong Y, Shen L. Recent Advances in Design Strategies of Tough Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200075. [PMID: 35436378 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a fascinating class of materials popular in numerous fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, soft robotics, and sensors, attributed to their 3D network porous structure containing a significant amount of water. However, traditional hydrogels exhibit poor mechanical strength, limiting their practical applications. Thus, many researchers have focused on the development of mechanically enhanced hydrogels. This review describes the design considerations for constructing tough hydrogels and some of the latest strategies in recent years. These tough hydrogels have an up-and-coming prospect and bring great hope to the fields of biomedicine and others. Nonetheless, it is still no small challenge to realize hydrogel materials that are tough, multifunctional, intelligent, and zero-defect. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200, Road Cailun, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinxi Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200, Road Cailun, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanlong Hong
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Health Services, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, 1200, Road Cailun, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
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7
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Jeon O, Kim TH, Alsberg E. Reversible dynamic mechanics of hydrogels for regulation of cellular behavior. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:88-98. [PMID: 34563721 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the native extracellular matrix play a key role in regulating cell behavior during developmental, healing and homeostatic processes. Since these properties change over time, it may be valuable to have the capacity to dynamically vary the mechanical properties of engineered hydrogels used in tissue engineering strategies to better mimic the dynamic mechanical behavior of native extracellular matrix. However, in situ repeatedly reversible dynamic tuning of hydrogel mechanics is still limited. In this study, we have engineered a hydrogel system with reversible dynamic mechanics using a dual-crosslinkable alginate hydrogel. The effect of reversible mechanical signals on encapsulated stem cells in dynamically tunable hydrogels has been demonstrated. In situ stiffening of hydrogels decreases cell spreading and proliferation, and subsequent softening of hydrogels gives way to an increase in cell spreading and proliferation. The hydrogel stiffening and softening, and resulting cellular responses are repeatedly reversible. This hydrogel system provides a promising platform for investigating the effect of repeatedly reversible changes in extracellular matrix mechanics on cell behaviors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Since the mechanical properties of native extracellular matrix (ECM) change over time during development, healing and homeostatic processes, it may be valuable to have the capacity to dynamically control the mechanics of biomaterials used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications to better mimic this behavior. Unlike previously reported biomaterials whose mechanical properties can be changed by the user only a limited number of times, this system provides the capacity to induce unlimited alterations to the mechanical properties of an engineered ECM for 3D cell culture. This study presents a strategy for on-demand dynamic and reversible control of materials' mechanics by single and dual-crosslinking mechanisms using oxidized and methacrylated alginates. By demonstrating direct changes in encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cell morphology, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in response to multiple different dynamic changes in hydrogel mechanics, we have established a repeatedly reversible 3D cellular mechanosensing system. This system provides a powerful platform tool with a wide range of stiffness tunability to investigate the role of dynamic mechanics on cellular mechanosensing and behavioral responses.
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8
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Macdougall LJ, Pérez‐Madrigal MM, Shaw JE, Worch JC, Sammon C, Richardson SM, Dove AP. Using Stereochemistry to Control Mechanical Properties in Thiol-Yne Click-Hydrogels. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:26060-26068. [PMID: 38505187 PMCID: PMC10947108 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of polymers has a profound impact on their mechanical properties. While this has been observed in thermoplastics, studies on how stereochemistry affects the bulk properties of swollen networks, such as hydrogels, are limited. Typically, changing the stiffness of a hydrogel is achieved at the cost of changing another parameter, that in turn affects the physical properties of the material and ultimately influences the cellular response. Herein, we report that by manipulating the stereochemistry of a double bond, formed in situ during gelation, materials with diverse mechanical properties but comparable physical properties can be obtained. Click-hydrogels that possess a high % trans content are stiffer than their high % cis analogues by almost a factor of 3. Human mesenchymal stem cells acted as a substrate stiffness cell reporter demonstrating the potential of these platforms to study mechanotransduction without the influence of other external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua E. Shaw
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Joshua C. Worch
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research InstituteSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS1 1WBUK
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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9
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Madl AC, Myung D. Supramolecular Host-Guest Hydrogels for Corneal Regeneration. Gels 2021; 7:163. [PMID: 34698163 PMCID: PMC8544529 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 6.2 million people worldwide suffer from moderate to severe vision loss due to corneal disease. While transplantation with allogenic donor tissue is sight-restoring for many patients with corneal blindness, this treatment modality is limited by long waiting lists and high rejection rates, particularly in patients with severe tissue damage and ocular surface pathologies. Hydrogel biomaterials represent a promising alternative to donor tissue for scalable, nonimmunogenic corneal reconstruction. However, implanted hydrogel materials require invasive surgeries and do not precisely conform to tissue defects, increasing the risk of patient discomfort, infection, and visual distortions. Moreover, most hydrogel crosslinking chemistries for the in situ formation of hydrogels exhibit off-target effects such as cross-reactivity with biological structures and/or result in extractable solutes that can have an impact on wound-healing and inflammation. To address the need for cytocompatible, minimally invasive, injectable tissue substitutes, host-guest interactions have emerged as an important crosslinking strategy. This review provides an overview of host-guest hydrogels as injectable therapeutics and highlights the potential application of host-guest interactions in the design of corneal stromal tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Madl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - David Myung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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10
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Macdougall LJ, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Shaw JE, Worch JC, Sammon C, Richardson SM, Dove AP. Using Stereochemistry to Control Mechanical Properties in Thiol-Yne Click-Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25856-25864. [PMID: 34551190 PMCID: PMC9298389 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of polymers has a profound impact on their mechanical properties. While this has been observed in thermoplastics, studies on how stereochemistry affects the bulk properties of swollen networks, such as hydrogels, are limited. Typically, changing the stiffness of a hydrogel is achieved at the cost of changing another parameter, that in turn affects the physical properties of the material and ultimately influences the cellular response. Herein, we report that by manipulating the stereochemistry of a double bond, formed in situ during gelation, materials with diverse mechanical properties but comparable physical properties can be obtained. Click-hydrogels that possess a high % trans content are stiffer than their high % cis analogues by almost a factor of 3. Human mesenchymal stem cells acted as a substrate stiffness cell reporter demonstrating the potential of these platforms to study mechanotransduction without the influence of other external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua E Shaw
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Joshua C Worch
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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11
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Holt SE, Arroyo J, Poux E, Fricks A, Agurcia I, Heintschel M, Rakoski A, Alge DL. Supramolecular Click Product Interactions Induce Dynamic Stiffening of Extracellular Matrix-Mimetic Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3040-3048. [PMID: 34129338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Progressive stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed in tissue development as well as in pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and fibrotic disease. However, methods to recapitulate this phenomenon in vitro face critical limitations. Here, we present a poly(ethylene glycol)-based peptide-functionalized ECM-mimetic hydrogel platform capable of facile, user-controlled dynamic stiffening. This platform leverages supramolecular interactions between inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder tetrazine-norbornene click products (TNCP) to create pendant moieties that undergo non-covalent crosslinking, stiffening a pre-existing network formed via thiol-ene click chemistry over the course of 6 h. Pendant TNCP moieties have a concentration-dependent effect on gel stiffness while still being cytocompatible and permissive of cell-mediated gel degradation. The robustness of this approach as well as its simplicity and ease of translation give it broad potential utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Holt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Julio Arroyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Emily Poux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Austen Fricks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Isabelle Agurcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Marissa Heintschel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Amanda Rakoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Daniel L Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843-3003, United States
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12
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Baruffaldi D, Palmara G, Pirri C, Frascella F. 3D Cell Culture: Recent Development in Materials with Tunable Stiffness. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2233-2250. [PMID: 35014348 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that three-dimensional cell culture systems simulate physiological conditions better than traditional 2D systems. Although extracellular matrix components strongly modulate cell behavior, several studies underlined the importance of mechanosensing in the control of different cell functions such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Human tissues are characterized by different degrees of stiffness, and various pathologies (e.g., tumor or fibrosis) cause changes in the mechanical properties through the alteration of the extracellular matrix structure. Additionally, these modifications have an impact on disease progression and on therapy response. Hence, the development of platforms whose stiffness could be modulated may improve our knowledge of cell behavior under different mechanical stress stimuli. In this review, we have analyzed the mechanical diversity of healthy and diseased tissues, and we have summarized recently developed materials with a wide range of stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Baruffaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Palmara
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Candido Pirri
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,Center for Sustainable Futures@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Francesca Frascella
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
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13
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Chang CY, Lin CC. Hydrogel Models with Stiffness Gradients for Interrogating Pancreatic Cancer Cell Fate. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:37. [PMID: 33805737 PMCID: PMC8002168 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has seen only modest improvements in patient survival rate over the past few decades. PDAC is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, owing to the presence of a dense and hypovascularized fibrotic tissue, which is composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrices. Increase deposition and crosslinking of matrices by stromal cells lead to a heterogeneous microenvironment that aids in PDAC development. In the past decade, various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Advances in hydrogel chemistry and engineering should provide a venue for discovering new insights regarding how matrix properties govern PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. These engineered hydrogels are ideal for understanding how variation in matrix properties contributes to the progressiveness of cancer cells, including durotaxis, the directional migration of cells in response to a stiffness gradient. This review surveys the various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models and the methods to generate gradient stiffness for studying migration and other cancer cell fate processes in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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Özkale B, Sakar MS, Mooney DJ. Active biomaterials for mechanobiology. Biomaterials 2021; 267:120497. [PMID: 33129187 PMCID: PMC7719094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Active biomaterials offer novel approaches to study mechanotransduction in mammalian cells. These material systems probe cellular responses by dynamically modulating their resistance to endogenous forces or applying exogenous forces on cells in a temporally controlled manner. Stimuli-responsive molecules, polymers, and nanoparticles embedded inside cytocompatible biopolymer networks transduce external signals such as light, heat, chemicals, and magnetic fields into changes in matrix elasticity (few kPa to tens of kPa) or forces (few pN to several μN) at the cell-material interface. The implementation of active biomaterials in mechanobiology has generated scientific knowledge and therapeutic potential relevant to a variety of conditions including but not limited to cancer metastasis, fibrosis, and tissue regeneration. We discuss the repertoire of cellular responses that can be studied using these platforms including receptor signaling as well as downstream events namely, cytoskeletal organization, nuclear shuttling of mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators, cell migration, and differentiation. We highlight recent advances in active biomaterials and comment on their future impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Özkale
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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15
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Arkenberg MR, Nguyen HD, Lin CC. Recent advances in bio-orthogonal and dynamic crosslinking of biomimetic hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7835-7855. [PMID: 32692329 PMCID: PMC7574327 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, dynamic, 'click' hydrogels have been applied in numerous biomedical applications. Owing to the mild, cytocompatible, and highly specific reaction kinetics, a multitude of orthogonal handles have been developed for fabricating dynamic hydrogels to facilitate '4D' cell culture. The high degree of tunability in crosslinking reactions of orthogonal 'click' chemistry has enabled a bottom-up approach to install specific biomimicry in an artificial extracellular matrix. In addition to click chemistry, highly specific enzymatic reactions are also increasingly used for network crosslinking and for spatiotemporal control of hydrogel properties. On the other hand, covalent adaptable chemistry has been used to recapitulate the viscoelastic component of biological tissues and for formulating self-healing and shear-thinning hydrogels. The common feature of these three classes of chemistry (i.e., orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry) is that they can be carried out under ambient and aqueous conditions, a prerequisite for maintaining cell viability for in situ cell encapsulation and post-gelation modification of network properties. Due to their orthogonality, different chemistries can also be applied sequentially to provide additional biochemical and mechanical control to guide cell behavior. Herein, we review recent advances in the use of orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry for the development of dynamically tunable and biomimetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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16
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Yang WJ, Xu W, Tao X, Wang W, Hu Y, Li X, Kang ET, Wang L. Two-stage thiol-based click reactions for the preparation and adhesion of hydrogels. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-stage thiol-based click reactions have been employed as a facile strategy for hydrogel preparation and self-adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Wenya Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Xi Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Kent Ridge
- Singapore
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
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17
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Zhang YM, Liu YH, Liu Y. Cyclodextrin-Based Multistimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Assemblies and Their Biological Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1806158. [PMID: 30773709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs), which are a class of cyclic oligosaccharides extracted from the enzymatic degradation of starch, are often utilized in molecular recognition and assembly constructs, primarily via host-guest interactions in water. In this review, recent progress in CD-based supramolecular nanoassemblies that are sensitive to chemical, biological, and physical stimuli is updated and reviewed, and intriguing examples of the biological functions of these nanoassemblies are presented, including pH- and redox-responsive drug and gene delivery, enzyme-activated specific cargo release, photoswitchable morphological interconversion, microtubular aggregation, and cell-cell communication, as well as a geomagnetism-controlled nanosystem for the suppression of tumor invasion and metastasis. Moreover, future perspectives and challenges in the fabrication of intelligent CD-based biofunctional materials are also discussed at the end of this review, which is expected to promote the translational development of these nanomaterials in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yao-Hua Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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18
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Trachsel L, Johnbosco C, Lang T, Benetti EM, Zenobi-Wong M. Double-Network Hydrogels Including Enzymatically Crosslinked Poly-(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s for 3D Bioprinting of Cartilage-Engineering Constructs. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4502-4511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Castro Johnbosco
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thamar Lang
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Kamperman T, Koerselman M, Kelder C, Hendriks J, Crispim JF, de Peuter X, Dijkstra PJ, Karperien M, Leijten J. Spatiotemporal material functionalization via competitive supramolecular complexation of avidin and biotin analogs. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4347. [PMID: 31554812 PMCID: PMC6761202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control over engineered tissues is highly desirable for various biomedical applications as it emulates the dynamic behavior of natural tissues. Current spatiotemporal biomaterial functionalization approaches are based on cytotoxic, technically challenging, or non-scalable chemistries, which has hampered their widespread usage. Here we report a strategy to spatiotemporally functionalize (bio)materials based on competitive supramolecular complexation of avidin and biotin analogs. Specifically, an injectable hydrogel is orthogonally post-functionalized with desthiobiotinylated moieties using multivalent neutravidin. In situ exchange of desthiobiotin by biotin enables spatiotemporal material functionalization as demonstrated by the formation of long-range, conformal, and contra-directional biochemical gradients within complex-shaped 3D hydrogels. Temporal control over engineered tissue biochemistry is further demonstrated by timed presentation and sequestration of growth factors using desthiobiotinylated antibodies. The method's universality is confirmed by modifying hydrogels with biotinylated fluorophores, peptides, nanoparticles, enzymes, and antibodies. Overall, this work provides a facile, cytocompatible, and universal strategy to spatiotemporally functionalize materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kamperman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle Koerselman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Kelder
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hendriks
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Xandra de Peuter
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Dijkstra
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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20
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Bao Z, Xian C, Yuan Q, Liu G, Wu J. Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanical Performances: Preparation, Structure, and Property. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900670. [PMID: 31364824 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural polymers have bright application prospects in biomedical fields due to their outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the poor mechanical performances of pure natural polymer-based hydrogels greatly limit their application prospects. Recently, a variety of strategies has been applied to prepare natural polymer-based hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties, which generally exhibit stiffening, strengthening, and stretchable behaviors. This article summarizes the recent progress of natural polymer-based hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties. From a structure point of view, four kinds of hydrogel are reviewed; double network hydrogels, nanocomposite hydrogels, click chemistry-based hydrogels, and supramolecular hydrogels. For each typical hydrogel, its preparation, structure, and mechanical performance are introduced in detail. At the end of this article, the current challenges and future prospects of hydrogels based on natural polymers are discussed and it is pointed out that 3D printing may offer a new platform for the development of natural polymer-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Bao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Caihong Xian
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Qijuan Yuan
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Guiting Liu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat‐Sen University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 Guangdong P. R. China
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21
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Silva TP, Cotovio JP, Bekman E, Carmo-Fonseca M, Cabral JMS, Fernandes TG. Design Principles for Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoid Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4508470. [PMID: 31149014 PMCID: PMC6501244 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4508470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human morphogenesis is a complex process involving distinct microenvironmental and physical signals that are manipulated in space and time to give rise to complex tissues and organs. Advances in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology have promoted the in vitro recreation of processes involved in human morphogenesis. The development of organoids from human PSCs represents one reliable source for modeling a large spectrum of human disorders, as well as a promising approach for drug screening and toxicological tests. Based on the "self-organization" capacity of stem cells, different PSC-derived organoids have been created; however, considerable differences between in vitro-generated PSC-derived organoids and their in vivo counterparts have been reported. Advances in the bioengineering field have allowed the manipulation of different components, including cellular and noncellular factors, to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment. In this review, we focus on different examples of bioengineering approaches used to promote the self-organization of stem cells, including assembly, patterning, and morphogenesis in vitro, contributing to tissue-like structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, Edificio Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João P. Cotovio
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, Edificio Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, Edificio Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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22
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LeValley PJ, Kloxin AM. Chemical Approaches to Dynamically Modulate the Properties of Synthetic Matrices. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:7-16. [PMID: 32405440 PMCID: PMC7220201 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As knowledge about the dynamic nature of tissues within the human body has increased, the need for cell culture models that mimic the properties of these dynamic microenvironments has grown. Hydrogels are useful platforms for investigating cellular responses to microenvironment cues in disease and regeneration processes and recently have been designed to contain dynamic bonds to regulate the mechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix in three-dimensional cell culture applications. In this Viewpoint, we highlight recent advances in developing hydrogels with dynamic properties for modeling aspects of human tissues, providing control over the properties of the synthetic matrix on multiple length and time scales, and their application for understanding or directing cell response. We conclude by discussing how orthogonal chemistries can be utilized to design dynamic hydrogel platforms for controlling both the mechanical and biochemical environment, affording opportunities to investigate more complex questions associated with disease progression and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J. LeValley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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23
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Loebel C, Ayoub A, Galarraga JH, Kossover O, Simaan-Yameen H, Seliktar D, Burdick JA. Tailoring supramolecular guest-host hydrogel viscoelasticity with covalent fibrinogen double networks. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1753-1760. [PMID: 32254917 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02593b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry has enabled the design of tunable biomaterials that mimic the dynamic and viscoelastic characteristics of the extracellular matrix. However, the noncovalent nature of supramolecular bonds renders them inherently weak, limiting their applicability to many biomedical applications. To address this, we formulated double network (DN) hydrogels through a combination of supramolecular and covalent networks to tailor hydrogel viscoelastic properties. Specifically, DN hydrogels were formed through the combination of supramolecular guest-host (GH) hyaluronic acid (HA) networks with covalent networks from the photocrosslinking of acrylated poly(ethylene glycol) modified fibrinogen (PEG-fibrinogen) and PEG diacrylate. DN hydrogels exhibited higher compressive moduli, increased failure stresses, and increased toughness when compared to purely covalent networks. While GH concentration had little influence on the compressive moduli across DN hydrogels, an increase in the GH concentration resulted in more viscous behavior of DN hydrogels. High viability of encapsulated bovine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was observed across groups with enhanced spreading and proliferation in DN hydrogels with increased GH concentration. This combination of supramolecular and covalent chemistries enables the formation of dynamic hydrogels with tunable properties that can be customized towards repair of viscoelastic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Loebel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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Arkenberg MR, Moore DM, Lin CC. Dynamic control of hydrogel crosslinking via sortase-mediated reversible transpeptidation. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:83-95. [PMID: 30415064 PMCID: PMC6697659 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-laden hydrogels whose crosslinking density can be dynamically and reversibly tuned are highly sought-after for studying pathophysiological cellular fate processes, including embryogenesis, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. Special efforts have focused on controlling network crosslinking in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels to evaluate the impact of matrix mechanics on cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and differentiation. In this study, we sought to design dynamic PEG-peptide hydrogels that permit cyclic/reversible stiffening and softening. This was achieved by utilizing reversible enzymatic reactions that afford specificity, biorthogonality, and predictable reaction kinetics. To that end, we prepared PEG-peptide conjugates to enable sortase A (SrtA) induced tunable hydrogel crosslinking independent of macromer contents. Uniquely, these hydrogels can be completely degraded by the same enzymatic reactions and the degradation rate can be tuned from hours to days. We further synthesized SrtA-sensitive peptide linker (i.e., KCLPRTGCK) for crosslinking with 8-arm PEG-norbornene (PEG8NB) via thiol-norbornene photocrosslinking. These hydrogels afford diverse softening paradigms through control of network structures during crosslinking or by adjusting enzymatic parameters during on-demand softening. Importantly, user-controlled hydrogel softening promoted spreading of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in 3D. Finally, we designed a bis-cysteine-bearing linear peptide flanked with SrtA substrates at the peptide's N- and C-termini (i.e., NH2-GGGCKGGGKCLPRTG-CONH2) to enable cyclic/reversible hydrogel stiffening/softening. We show that matrix stiffening and softening play a crucial role in growth and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. These results represent the first dynamic hydrogel platform that affords cyclic gel stiffening/softening based on reversible enzymatic reactions. More importantly, the chemical motifs that affords such reversible crosslinking were built-in on the linear peptide crosslinker without any post-synthesis modification. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell-laden 'dynamic' hydrogels are typically designed to enable externally stimulated stiffening or softening of the hydrogel network. However, no enzymatic reaction has been used to reversibly control matrix crosslinking. The application of SrtA-mediated transpeptidation in crosslinking and post-gelation modification of biomimetic hydrogels is innovative because of the specificity of the reaction and reversible tunability of crosslinking kinetics. While SrtA has been previously used to crosslink and fully degrade hydrogels, matrix softening and reversible stiffening of cell-laden hydrogels has not been reported. By designing simple peptide substrates, this unique enzymatic reaction can be employed to form a primary network, to gradually soften hydrogels, or to reversibly stiffen hydrogels. As a result, this dynamic hydrogel platform can be used to answer important matrix-related biological questions that are otherwise difficult to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Arkenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dustin M Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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25
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Ma Y, Lin M, Huang G, Li Y, Wang S, Bai G, Lu TJ, Xu F. 3D Spatiotemporal Mechanical Microenvironment: A Hydrogel-Based Platform for Guiding Stem Cell Fate. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705911. [PMID: 30063260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells hold great promise for widespread biomedical applications, for which stem cell fate needs to be well tailored. Besides biochemical cues, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that spatiotemporal biophysical cues (especially mechanical cues) imposed by cell microenvironments also critically impact on the stem cell fate. As such, various biomaterials, especially hydrogels due to their tunable physicochemical properties and advanced fabrication approaches, are developed to spatiotemporally manipulate biophysical cues in vitro so as to recapitulate the 3D mechanical microenvironment where stem cells reside in vivo. Here, the main mechanical cues that stem cells experience in their native microenvironment are summarized. Then, recent advances in the design of hydrogel materials with spatiotemporally tunable mechanical properties for engineering 3D the spatiotemporal mechanical microenvironment of stem cells are highlighted. These in vitro engineered spatiotemporal mechanical microenvironments are crucial for guiding stem cell fate and their potential biomedical applications are subsequently discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P. R. China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310029, P. R. China
| | - Guiqin Bai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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26
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Accardo JV, Kalow JA. Reversibly tuning hydrogel stiffness through photocontrolled dynamic covalent crosslinks. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5987-5993. [PMID: 30079213 PMCID: PMC6050525 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the physical properties of soft materials with external stimuli enables researchers to mimic and study dynamic systems. Of particular interest are hydrogels, polymer networks swollen by water with broad applicability to biomedicine. To control hydrogel mechanics with light, researchers have relied on a limited number of photochemical reactions. Here we introduce an approach to reversibly tune hydrogel mechanics with light by manipulating the stability of dynamic covalent crosslinks at the molecular level. The equilibrium between a boronic acid and diol to form a boronic ester can be altered by the configuration of an adjacent azobenzene photoswitch. By irradiating branched polymers bearing azobenzene-boronic acid and diol end groups with two different wavelengths of light, we can stiffen or soften the resulting hydrogel. Alternating irradiation induces reversible mechanical changes. Rheological characterization reveals that the hydrogels are viscoelastic, exhibiting stress relaxation on the order of seconds, and the stiffness is tuned independently of the crossover frequency. We have also demonstrated that this approach can be extended to use visible light for both softening and stiffening. These photocontrolled dynamic covalent crosslinks provide a versatile platform for tunable dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V Accardo
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd. , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd. , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
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27
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Wang J, Li T, Chen F, Zhou D, Li B, Zhou X, Gan T, Handschuh-Wang S, Zhou X. Softening and Shape Morphing of Stiff Tough Hydrogels by Localized Unlocking of the Trivalent Ionically Cross-Linked Centers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800143. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Tianzhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Baijia Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Tiansheng Gan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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28
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Tong Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cai H, Zhang W, Tan WS. POSS-enhanced thermosensitive hybrid hydrogels for cell adhesion and detachment. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13813-13819. [PMID: 35539329 PMCID: PMC9079822 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based substrates have presented great promise in cell sheet engineering. However, non-functionalized PNIPAM cannot be well applied for cell cultivation, due to the low cell adhesion. Herein, to enhance PNIPAM-based substrates and to promote cell proliferation and detachment, a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoscale inorganic enhanced agent has been introduced into PNIPAM matrices to construct POSS-containing hybrid hydrogels. The hydrogels were facilely prepared using POSS as a cross-linker via one-pot crosslinking reaction under UV irradiation. The swelling behavior, thermal stability and the mechanical properties of POSS–PNIPAM hybrid hydrogels have been evaluated and they are all dependent on the content of POSS. The in vitro experiment confirms that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) exhibit clearly enhanced adhesion and proliferation on the substrates of POSS–PNIPAM hybrid hydrogels in comparison to the pure PNIPAM hydrogel without POSS. Based on the thermal-responsiveness of PNIPAM, the proliferated cells are easily released without damage from the surface of hybrid hydrogels. Therefore, POSS-enhanced PNIPAM hybrid hydrogels provide a unique approach for harvesting anchorage dependent stem cells. Thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based substrates have presented great promise in cell sheet engineering.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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29
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Tran YH, Rasmuson MJ, Emrick T, Klier J, Peyton SR. Strain-stiffening gels based on latent crosslinking. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:9007-9014. [PMID: 29164222 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gels represent an increasingly important class of soft materials with applications ranging from regenerative medicine to commodity materials. However, gels typically exhibit relative mechanical weakness, which worsens under repeated strain. Here we report a new class of responsive gels with latent crosslinking moieties that exhibit strain-stiffening behavior. This property results from the lability of disulfides, initially isolated in a protected state, then activated to crosslink on-demand. The thiol groups are induced to form inter-chain crosslinks when subjected to mechanical compression, resulting in a gel that strengthens under strain. Molecular shielding design elements regulate the strain-sensitivity and spontaneous crosslinking tendencies of the polymer network. These strain-responsive gels represent a rational design of new advanced materials with on-demand stiffening properties and potential applications in elastomers, adhesives, foams, films, and fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen H Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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30
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Kang P, Kumar S, Schaffer D. Novel biomaterials to study neural stem cell mechanobiology and improve cell-replacement therapies. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:13-20. [PMID: 29399646 PMCID: PMC5791915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a valuable cell source for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening applications. Analogous to other stem cells, NSCs are tightly regulated by their microenvironmental niche, and prior work utilizing NSCs as a model system with engineered biomaterials has offered valuable insights into how biophysical inputs can regulate stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. In this review, we highlight recent exciting studies with innovative material platforms that enable narrow stiffness gradients, mechanical stretching, temporal stiffness switching, and three-dimensional culture to study NSCs. These studies have significantly advanced our knowledge of how stem cells respond to an array of different biophysical inputs and the underlying mechanosensitive mechanisms. In addition, we discuss efforts to utilize engineered material scaffolds to improve NSC-based translational efforts and the importance of mechanobiology in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Physical Biosciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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31
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Huang G, Li F, Zhao X, Ma Y, Li Y, Lin M, Jin G, Lu TJ, Genin GM, Xu F. Functional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12764-12850. [PMID: 28991456 PMCID: PMC6494624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the cell microenvironment serves not only as a structural foundation for cells but also as a source of three-dimensional (3D) biochemical and biophysical cues that trigger and regulate cell behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the 3D character of the microenvironment is required for development of many critical cell responses observed in vivo, fueling a surge in the development of functional and biomimetic materials for engineering the 3D cell microenvironment. Progress in the design of such materials has improved control of cell behaviors in 3D and advanced the fields of tissue regeneration, in vitro tissue models, large-scale cell differentiation, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. However, the field is still in its infancy, and discoveries about the nature of cell-microenvironment interactions continue to overturn much early progress in the field. Key challenges continue to be dissecting the roles of chemistry, structure, mechanics, and electrophysiology in the cell microenvironment, and understanding and harnessing the roles of periodicity and drift in these factors. This review encapsulates where recent advances appear to leave the ever-shifting state of the art, and it highlights areas in which substantial potential and uncertainty remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guorui Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
and Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering &
Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130, MO,
USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for
Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130,
MO, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
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32
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Rosales AM, Vega SL, DelRio FW, Burdick JA, Anseth KS. Hydrogels with Reversible Mechanics to Probe Dynamic Cell Microenvironments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12132-12136. [PMID: 28799225 PMCID: PMC5668133 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between ECM mechanics and cell behavior is dynamic, as cells remodel and respond to changes in their local environment. Most in vitro substrates are static and supraphysiologically stiff; thus, platforms with dynamic and reversible mechanical changes are needed. Herein, we developed hyaluronic acid-based substrates capable of sequential photodegradation and photoinitiated crosslinking reactions to soften and then stiffen the hydrogels over a physiologically relevant range of moduli. Reversible mechanical signaling to adhered cells was demonstrated with human mesenchymal stem cells. In situ hydrogel softening (from ca. 14 to 3.5 kPa) led to a decrease in the cell area and nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ, and subsequent stiffening (from ca. 3.5 to 28 kPa) increased the cell area and nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ. Each photoreaction was cytocompatible and tunable, rendering this platform amenable to studies of dynamic mechanics on cell behavior across many cell types and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne M Rosales
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Present address: McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sebastián L Vega
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Frank W DelRio
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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33
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34
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Hörning M, Nakahata M, Linke P, Yamamoto A, Veschgini M, Kaufmann S, Takashima Y, Harada A, Tanaka M. Dynamic Mechano-Regulation of Myoblast Cells on Supramolecular Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Reversible Host-Guest Interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7660. [PMID: 28794475 PMCID: PMC5550483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of supramolecular hydrogels, cross-linked by host-guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and adamantane, were designed for the dynamic regulation of cell-substrate interactions. The initial substrate elasticity can be optimized by selecting the molar fraction of host- and guest monomers for the target cells. Moreover, owing to the reversible nature of host-guest interactions, the magnitude of softening and stiffening of the substrate can be modulated by varying the concentrations of free, competing host molecules (βCD) in solutions. By changing the substrate elasticity at a desired time point, it is possible to switch the micromechanical environments of cells. We demonstrated that the Young's modulus of our "host-guest gels", 4-11 kPa, lies in an optimal range not only for static (ex situ) but also for dynamic (in situ) regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal ordering of myoblasts. Compared to other stimulus-responsive materials that can either change the elasticity only in one direction or rely on less biocompatible stimuli such as UV light and temperature change, our supramolecular hydrogel enables to reversibly apply mechanical cues to various cell types in vitro without interfering cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hörning
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akihisa Yamamoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mariam Veschgini
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaufmann
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Royes Mir J, Coudret C, Roux C, Benoit-Marquié F, Cazalès M, Séverac C, Lorenzo C, Mingotaud AF. Rational Hydrogel Formulation Leads to Reversible and Enhanced Photocontrolled Rigidity. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Royes Mir
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Christophe Coudret
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Florence Benoit-Marquié
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Martine Cazalès
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Childerick Séverac
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Corinne Lorenzo
- ITAV; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS; 1 place Pierre Potier 31106 Toulouse Cedex 1 France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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36
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Liu HY, Greene T, Lin TY, Dawes CS, Korc M, Lin CC. Enzyme-mediated stiffening hydrogels for probing activation of pancreatic stellate cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:258-269. [PMID: 27769941 PMCID: PMC5235985 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complex network of biochemical and biophysical cues in the pancreatic desmoplasia not only presents challenges to the fundamental understanding of tumor progression, but also hinders the development of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer. Residing in the desmoplasia, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the major stromal cells affecting the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by means of paracrine effects and extracellular matrix protein deposition. PSCs remain in a quiescent/dormant state until they are 'activated' by various environmental cues. While the mechanisms of PSC activation are increasingly being described in literature, the influence of matrix stiffness on PSC activation is largely unexplored. To test the hypothesis that matrix stiffness affects myofibroblastic activation of PSCs, we have prepared cell-laden hydrogels capable of being dynamically stiffened through an enzymatic reaction. The stiffening of the microenvironment was created by using a peptide linker with additional tyrosine residues, which were susceptible to tyrosinase-mediated crosslinking. Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), DOPA quinone, and finally into DOPA dimer. The formation of DOPA dimer led to additional crosslinks and thus stiffening the cell-laden hydrogel. In addition to systematically studying the various parameters relevant to the enzymatic reaction and hydrogel stiffening, we also designed experiments to probe the influence of dynamic matrix stiffening on cell fate. Protease-sensitive peptides were used to crosslink hydrogels, whereas integrin-binding ligands (e.g., RGD motif) were immobilized in the network to afford cell-matrix interaction. PSC-laden hydrogels were placed in media containing tyrosinase for 6h to achieve in situ gel stiffening. We found that PSCs encapsulated and cultured in a stiffened matrix expressed higher levels of αSMA and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), suggestive of a myofibroblastic phenotype. This hydrogel platform offers a facile means of in situ stiffening of cell-laden matrices and should be valuable for probing cell fate process dictated by dynamic matrix stiffness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogels with spatial-temporal controls over crosslinking kinetics (i.e., dynamic hydrogel) are increasingly being developed for studying mechanobiology in 3D. The general principle of designing dynamic hydrogel is to perform cell encapsulation within a hydrogel network that allows for postgelation modification in gel crosslinking density. The enzyme-mediated in situ gel stiffening is innovative because of the specificity and efficiency of enzymatic reaction. Although tyrosinase has been used for hydrogel crosslinking and in situ cell encapsulation, to the best of our knowledge tyrosinase-mediated DOPA formation has not been explored for in situ stiffening of cell-laden hydrogels. Furthermore, the current work provides a gradual matrix stiffening strategy that may more closely mimic the process of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yi Liu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tanja Greene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tsai-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Camron S Dawes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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37
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Wang X, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang F, Wu D. Fabrication of multi-stimuli responsive supramolecular hydrogels based on host–guest inclusion complexation of a tadpole-shaped cyclodextrin derivative with the azobenzene dimer. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00698e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-responsive supramolecular hydrogels, based on host–guest complexation of tadpole-shaped cyclodextrin with the azobenzene dimer, possess reversible sol–gel transition behaviors and better biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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38
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Mun G, Choi H, Im N, Ahn J, Park J, Seo H, Choi Y, Lee JH, Jung JH. Retracted Article: Spatially resolved mechanical properties of photo-responsive azobenzene-based supramolecular gels. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of azobenzene-based gelators were finely controlled by UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Mun
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
| | - Heekyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
| | - Nayoung Im
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
| | - Junho Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
| | - Hyowon Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
| | - Yeonweon Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
| | - Ji Ha Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 660-701
- Korea
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39
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Arkenberg MR, Lin CC. Orthogonal enzymatic reactions for rapid crosslinking and dynamic tuning of PEG–peptide hydrogels. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2231-2240. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00691h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible PEG–peptide hydrogel with dynamically tunable stiffness was developed through sortase A-mediated crosslinking and mushroom tyrosinase-triggered stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Arkenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Purdue School of Engineering & Technology
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
- Indianapolis
- USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Purdue School of Engineering & Technology
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
- Indianapolis
- USA
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40
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Sheng J, Wang Y, Xiong L, Luo Q, Li X, Shen Z, Zhu W. Injectable doxorubicin-loaded hydrogels based on dendron-like β-cyclodextrin–poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendron-like CD–PEG conjugates with multiple acrylates were synthesized facilely, which can incorporate adamantane-modified doxorubicin and further be crosslinked by POEGMS, to give injectable doxorubicin-loaded hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojie Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
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