1
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Shi C, Xu G, Qiu H, Li Y, Lu X, Jiang J, Wang L. Tröger's base-embedded macrocycles with chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2025; 61:2450-2467. [PMID: 39785990 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc05134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
The birth and development of supramolecular chemistry have heralded a new era, where macrocycles have become an irreplaceable research tool. Therefore, the construction of novel macrocycles has become a hot spot. Tröger's base (TB), as a fragment with both rigidity and chirality, promises tremendous potential in the realm of supramolecular chemistry, and its unique properties continue to motivate researchers to explore its inclusion in macrocycles. However, the construction of a TB-embedded macrocycle is always difficult due to the frequent occurrence of excessive tension. For successful synthesis, part of the function of TB in macrocycle is often overlooked or sacrificed to facilitate the macrocyclization process, leading to serious deficiencies in the utilization of the functions of TB. Thus, the research on TB-embedded macrocycles is still in its preliminary stage. Hence, in this review, TB-embedded macrocycles are highlighted, focusing not only on the linkers of these macrocycles but also on the correlation between the properties of TB and TB-embedded macrocycles. We hope that this review will further guide the synthesis of more excellent macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guangzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Heng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yumei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Key Lab of Surficial Geochem of MOE, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- Key Lab of Surficial Geochem of MOE, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Leyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3265-3298. [PMID: 37083011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes including calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cyclotriveratrylene, pillararenes and so on have emerged as highly attractive synthetic macrocyclic hosts due to their unique structures, facile functionalization, and broad range of applications. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of novel macrocyclic arenes composed of various aromatic building blocks bridged by methylene groups, which have found applications in various research areas. Consequently, the development of novel macrocyclic arenes has become a frontier and hot topic in supramolecular and macrocyclic chemistry. In this review, we feature the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of novel macrocyclic arenes that have emerged in the last decade. The general synthetic strategies employed for these macrocyclic arenes are systematically summarized, and their wide applications in molecular recognition and assemblies, molecular machines, biomedical science and functional materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Xu K, Li B, Yao S, Li Z, Lu Y, Dong M, Qiu J, Luo L, Li C. Modular Introduction of
endo
‐Binding Sites in a Macrocyclic Cavity towards Selective Recognition of Neutral Azacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Xu
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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4
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Xu K, Zhang ZY, Zhou Z, Li C. Prospering the biphen[n]arenes family by tailoring reaction modules. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Li C, Xu K, Li B, Yao S, Li Z, Lu Y, Dong M, Qiu J, Luo L. Modular Introduction of Endo‐Binding Sites in Macrocycle Cavity towards Selective Recognition of Neutral Azacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Li
- Tianjin Normal University Chemistry No393 west Binshui Road Tianjin CHINA
| | - Kaidi Xu
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shibo Yao
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
| | - Ming Dong
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
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6
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Zhang ZY, Li C. Biphen[ n]arenes: Modular Synthesis, Customizable Cavity Sizes, and Diverse Skeletons. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:916-929. [PMID: 35239333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds are fundamental tools in supramolecular chemistry and have been widely used in molecular recognition, biomedicine, and materials science. The construction of new macrocycles with distinctive structures and properties would unleash new opportunities for supramolecular chemistry. Traditionally popular macrocycles, e.g., cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils, and pillararenes, possess specific cavities that are usually less than 10 Å in diameter; they are normally suitable for accommodating small- or medium-sized guests but cannot engulf giant molecules or structures. Furthermore, the skeletons of traditional macrocycles are impoverished and incapable of being changed; functional substituents can be introduced only on their portals.Thus, it is very challenging to construct macrocycles with customizable cavity sizes and/or diverse backbones. We have developed a versatile and modular strategy for synthesizing macrocycles, namely, biphen[n]arenes (n = 3-8), based on the structure- or function-oriented replacement of reaction modules, functional modules, and linking modules. First, two reaction modules and one functional module are connected by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling to obtain a monomer having two reaction sites. Then Friedel-Crafts alkylation between the monomer and an aldehyde (linking module) serves to afford diversely functionalized macrocycles. Moreover, large macrocycles can be achieved by using long and rigid oligo(para-phenylene) monomers. Because of the modular synthesis and plentiful molecular supplies, the biphen[n]arenes showed interesting recognition properties for both small molecules and large polypeptides. Customizable functional backbones and binding sites endowed this new family of macrocycles with peculiar self-assembly properties and potential applications in gas chromatography, pollutant capture, and physisorptive separation. Biphen[n]arenes would be a promising family of workhorses in supramolecular chemistry.In this Account, we summarize our recent work on the chemistry of biphen[n]arenes. We introduce their design and modular synthesis, including systematic exploration for reaction modules, customizable cavity sizes, skeleton functionalization, pre- and postmodification, and molecular cages. Thereafter, we discuss their host-guest properties, involving the binding for small guests by cationic/anionic/neutral biphen[n]arenes, as well as the complexation of polypeptides by large quaterphen[n]arenes. In addition, we outline the self-assembly and potential applications of this new family of macrocycles. Finally, we forecast their further development. The chemistry of biphen[n]arenes is still in its infancy. Continued exploration will not only further expand the supramolecular toolbox but also open new avenues for the use of biphen[n]arenes in the fields of biology, pharmaceutical science, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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7
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Chen J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Dong M, Meng Z, Meng Q, Li C. Effective taste masking of alkaloids by a water-soluble terphen[3]arene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3370-3373. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of first water-soluble 2,2’’,4,4’’-terphen[3]arene bearing sulphonatopropoxy moieties (STP3), and its effective alleviation of aversive response to alkaloids in vitro and in vivo by forming supramolecular complexes has been...
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8
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Ding Y, Jiao J, Sun B, Yang Z, Lin C, Wang L. The facile preparation of p-(methoxy)calix[n]arenes (n = 6, 7, or 8) and their permethylated derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Li J, Zhou H, Han Y, Chen C. Saucer[
n
]arenes: Synthesis, Structure, Complexation, and Guest‐Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence Property. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - He‐Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chuan‐Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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10
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Li J, Zhou HY, Han Y, Chen CF. Saucer[n]arenes: Synthesis, Structure, Complexation, and Guest-Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence Property. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21927-21933. [PMID: 34378287 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycles denoted as saucer[n]arenes (n=4,5) were easily synthesized by the one-pot condensation of 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene (2,7-DMN) and paraformaldehyde in the presence of TFA or catalytic BF3 ⋅OEt2 . With 1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium as the template, saucer[4]arene was selectively obtained. Crystal structures show that saucer[n]arenes are all composed of 2,7-DMN moiety bridged by the methylene groups at 1,6-positions: all of the 7-methoxy groups lie on one face, and all of the 2-methoxy groups lie on the other. Saucer[n]arenes exhibit strong fluorescence properties with the quantum yields of 19.6 % and 23.4 %. They form 1:1 complexes with ammonium salts in both solution and solid state (association constant up to 105 M-1 in CDCl3 ). Chiral quaternary ammonium salts can induce the chirality of the dynamically racemic inherently chiral saucer[n]arenes in solution, and thus show mirror-imaged circular dichroism signals and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Zhu D, Fang S, Tong L, Lei Y, Wu G, Chudhary T, Li H. A cylinder-shaped macrocycle formed via Friedel-Crafts reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4440-4443. [PMID: 33949457 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00498k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
By performing Friedel-Crafts reaction with a mixture of 1,3,5-tri(furan-2-yl) benzene (TFB) and acetone, we successfully synthesized a cylinder-shaped macrocycle. The isolated yield of 36% is relatively high, considering that twelve C-C bonds are formed simultaneously. The structure of this macrocycle was confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. This macrocycle is able to recognize a variety of cationic guests driven by cation-dipole and CH-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Tayba Chudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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12
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Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Conformational Exchanges of Biphen[3]arene Macrocycle. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245780. [PMID: 33302382 PMCID: PMC7762528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational exchanges of synthetic macrocyclic acceptors are rather fast, which is rarely studied in the absence of guests. Here, we report multiple stimuli-responsive conformational exchanges between two preexisting conformations of 2,2',4,4'-tetramethoxyl biphen[3]arene (MeBP3) macrocycle. Structures of these two conformations are both observed in solid state, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR in solution. In particular, conformational exchanges can respond to solvents, temperatures, guest binding and acid/base addition. The current system may have a role to play in the construction of molecular switches and other stimuli-responsive systems.
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13
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Wu JR, Wang Y, Yang YW. Elongated-Geminiarene: Syntheses, Solid-State Conformational Investigations, and Application in Aromatics/Cyclic Aliphatics Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003490. [PMID: 32697434 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy-saving separation and purification of industrially important compounds with similar physical and chemical properties by novel molecular crystalline materials are of great importance and highly desired. Here a newly enlarged version of geminiarene, namely elongated-geminiarene (ElGA), is first designed and synthesized. Taking advantages of both geminiarenes and biphenarenes, ElGA shows great features including scalable synthesis, nanometer-sized cavity, rich blend of conformational features, and excellent solid-state host-guest properties. Significantly, the functional crystalline materials of ElGA are highly effective in the separation of aromatics and cyclic aliphatics, showing a preference for dimethylbenzene over its corresponding hydrogenation products and paving a new avenue for separation science and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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14
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Xu K, Zhang Z, Yu C, Wang B, Dong M, Zeng X, Gou R, Cui L, Li C. A Modular Synthetic Strategy for Functional Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Chengmao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Zeng
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Rui Gou
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
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15
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Xu K, Zhang ZY, Yu C, Wang B, Dong M, Zeng X, Gou R, Cui L, Li C. A Modular Synthetic Strategy for Functional Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7214-7218. [PMID: 32052539 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is a molecule-Lego synthetic strategy for macrocycles with functional skeletons, involving one-pot and high-yielding condensation between bis(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)arene monomers and paraformaldehyde. By changing the blocks, variously functional units (naphthalene, pyrene, anthraquinone, porphyrin, etc.) can be conveniently introduced into the backbone of macrocycles. Interestingly, the macrocyclization can be tuned by the geometrical configuration of monomeric blocks. Linear (180°) monomer yield cyclic trimers and pentamers, while V-shaped (120°, 90° and 60°) monomers tend to form dimers. More significantly, even heterogeneous macrocycles are obtained in moderate yield by co-oligomerization of different monomers. This series of macrocycles have the potential to be prosperous in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Chengmao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Zeng
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Rui Gou
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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16
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Yang W, Samanta K, Wan X, Thikekar TU, Chao Y, Li S, Du K, Xu J, Gao Y, Zuilhof H, Sue AC. Tiara[5]arenes: Synthesis, Solid‐State Conformational Studies, Host–Guest Properties, and Application as Nonporous Adaptive Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Kushal Samanta
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xintong Wan
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yang Chao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Shunshun Li
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C.‐H. Sue
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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17
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Yang W, Samanta K, Wan X, Thikekar TU, Chao Y, Li S, Du K, Xu J, Gao Y, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. Tiara[5]arenes: Synthesis, Solid-State Conformational Studies, Host-Guest Properties, and Application as Nonporous Adaptive Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3994-3999. [PMID: 31763754 PMCID: PMC7187373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tiara[5]arenes (T[5]s), a new class of five‐fold symmetric oligophenolic macrocycles that are not accessible from the addition of formaldehyde to phenol, were synthesized for the first time. These pillar[5]arene‐derived structures display both unique conformational freedom, differing from that of pillararenes, with a rich blend of solid‐state conformations and excellent host–guest interactions in solution. Finally we show how this novel macrocyclic scaffold can be functionalized in a variety of ways and used as functional crystalline materials to distinguish uniquely between benzene and cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Kushal Samanta
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Wan
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shunshun Li
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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18
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Jia Y, Dong M, Wang B, Li C. Synthesis and Host-Guest Properties of Acyclic Pillar[ n]naphthalenes. Front Chem 2019; 7:828. [PMID: 31850316 PMCID: PMC6901500 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a new class of synthetic receptors, acyclic pillar[n]naphthalene (n = 2–4, Dimer, Trimer, and Tetramer) oligomers, which are made up of 2,3-diethoxynaphthalene units linked by methylene bridges at the 1- and 4-positions. They can be synthesized through a one-step condensation of 2,3-diethoxynaphthalene monomer and paraformaldehyde in the presence of BF3•(Et)2O catalyst. The crystal structure of Tetramer has an interesting pseudo-cycle shaped structure in the solid state. Their complexation behaviors toward several organic ammonium cations (1+-15+) and electron–deficient neutral guests (16–17), were examined by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. Tetramer shows good host-guest properties toward the ammonium guests, giving association constants (Ka) in the magnitude of 102-104 M−1, which are comparable with those for some macrocyclic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyin Jia
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunju Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Wang Y, Xu K, Li B, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Zhao H, Fang J, Li C. Efficient Separation of
cis
‐ and
trans
‐1,2‐Dichloroethene Isomers by Adaptive Biphen[3]arene Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Kaidi Xu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Fang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCenter for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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20
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Wang Y, Xu K, Li B, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Zhao H, Fang J, Li C. Efficient Separation of cis- and trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Isomers by Adaptive Biphen[3]arene Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10281-10284. [PMID: 31112359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is the highly efficient separation of industrially important cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE and trans-DCE) isomers by activated crystalline 2,2',4,4'-tetramethoxyl biphen[3]arene (MeBP3) materials, MeBP3α. MeBP3 can be synthesized in excellent yield (99 %), and a cyclic pentamer is also obtained when using 1,2-dichloroethane as the solvent. The structure of MeBP3 in the CH3 CN@MeBP3 crystal displays a triangle-shape topology, forming 1D channels through window-to-window packing. Desolvated crystalline MeBP3 materials, MeBP3α, preferentially adsorb cis-DCE vapors over its trans isomer. MeBP3α is able to separate cis-DCE from a 50:50 (v/v) cis/trans-isomer mixture, yielding cis-DCE with a purity of 96.4 % in a single adsorption cycle. Single-crystal structures and powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the uptake of cis-DCE triggers a solid-state structural transformation of MeBP3, suggesting the adaptivity of MeBP3α materials during the sorption process. Moreover, the separation can be performed over multiple cycles without loss of separation selectivity and capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Kaidi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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21
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Li B, Wang B, Huang X, Dai L, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C. Terphen[
n
]arenes and Quaterphen[
n
]arenes (
n
=3–6): One‐Pot Synthesis, Self‐Assembly into Supramolecular Gels, and Iodine Capture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3885-3889. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Xiayang Huang
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lu Dai
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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22
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Li B, Wang B, Huang X, Dai L, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C. Terphen[
n
]arenes and Quaterphen[
n
]arenes (
n
=3–6): One‐Pot Synthesis, Self‐Assembly into Supramolecular Gels, and Iodine Capture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Xiayang Huang
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lu Dai
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of ScienceShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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23
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Abstract
This feature article summarizes the latest research progress in the design and development of new synthetic macrocyclic arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- 2699 Qianjin Street
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- 2699 Qianjin Street
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24
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Abstract
The development of new types of synthetic macrocyclic hosts is always one of the most important and attractive topics in macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry. Calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cyclotriveratrylenes, pillararenes, and their analogues are all composed of hydroxy-substituted aromatic rings bridged by methylene or methenyl groups and thus can be considered a type of macrocyclic arenes. Because of their unique structural features, easy functionalization, and wide applications in many research areas, such macrocyclic arenes have become some of the most important and studied synthetic macrocyclic hosts during the last decades. Triptycene and its derivatives are a class of organic molecules having unique three-dimensional rigid structures, and they have proved to be useful building blocks for constructing new synthetic macrocyclic hosts with specific structures and properties. Dihydroxy-substituted triptycene derivatives are readily available compounds, which encouraged us to conduct studies of triptycene-derived macrocyclic arenes about 10 years ago. Consequently, a series of triptycene-derived calixarenes and analogues containing 1,8-dihydroxy-substituted triptycene subunits were conveniently synthesized. With 2,7-dihydroxy-substituted triptycene as a precursor, new types of calixarene, oxacalixarene, and homooxacalixarene analogues were also obtained. These triptycene-derived macrocyclic hosts all showed fixed conformations in solution and exhibited expanded cavities compared with the corresponding typical calixarenes and analogues. The special structural features also make these triptycene-derived macrocycles show wide potential applications in molecular recognition and self-assembly. In particular, it was found that the threading direction and the orientation based on macrocycles with nonsymmetric structures could be finely controlled by adjusting the electrostatic and steric effects of the guests, which could form the oriented [2]rotaxane by unidirectional threading. We recently developed a new kind of chiral macrocyclic arenes named helicarenes that are composed of chiral 2,6-dihydroxy-substituted triptycene subunits bridged by methylene groups. It was found that the helicarenes not only exhibited convenient synthesis, high stability, good solubility, fixed conformations, and easy functionalization but also showed complexation abilities with various chiral and achiral organic guests. In particular, the switchable complexation based on these macrocycles could be efficiently controlled by multiple stimuli, including acid/base, redox, anion, or light stimuli under a photoacid. Moreover, the helicarenes have also found applications in the construction of interlocked molecules and molecular machines. This Account summarizes our recent research results on the synthesis and structures of the triptycene-derived macrocyclic arenes and analogues and their applications in host-guest chemistry and molecular assembly. We believe that these macrocyclic arenes, especially helicarenes, could be utilized as new synthetic hosts and find wide potential applications in macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Huang X, Zhang X, Qian T, Ma J, Cui L, Li C. Synthesis of a water-soluble 2,2'-biphen[4]arene and its efficient complexation and sensitive fluorescence enhancement towards palmatine and berberine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2236-2241. [PMID: 30202477 PMCID: PMC6122385 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble 2,2′-biphen[4]arene (2,2’-CBP4) containing eight carboxylato moieties was synthesized and characterized. Its complexation behavior towards two alkaloids, palmatine (P) and berberine (B), was investigated by means of fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). In the presence of 2,2’-CBP4, 1H NMR signals of P and B displayed very large upfield shifts, indicating the formation of inclusion complexes with strong binding affinities. Fluorescence titration experiments showed that P and B exhibited dramatic fluorescence enhancement of more than 600 times upon complexation with 2,2’-CBP4. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity is strong enough to be readily distinguished by the naked eye. Although the two guests have similar structures, the association constant of B with 2,2’-CBP4 (Ka = (2.29 ± 0.27) × 106 M−1) is 3.9 times larger than that of P (Ka = (5.87 ± 0.24) × 105 M−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayang Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Hai-Quan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Hai-Quan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Tianxin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Hai-Quan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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26
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Han C, Zhao D, Dong S. Three-dimensional supramolecular polymerization based on pillar[n]arenes (n = 5, 6) and halogen bonding interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13099-13102. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional supramolecular polymerization networks based on pillar[5,6]arenes were constructed both in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyou Han
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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