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Anisotropy of the Electric Field Gradient in Two-Dimensional α-MoO3 Investigated by 57Mn(57Fe) Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals α-MoO3 samples offer a wide range of attractive catalytic, electronic, and optical properties. We present herein an emission Mössbauer spectroscopy (eMS) study of the electric-field gradient (EFG) anisotropy in crystalline free-standing α-MoO3 samples. Although α-MoO3 is a two-dimensional (2D) material, scanning electron microscopy shows that the crystals are 0.5–5-µm thick. The combination of X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy, performed after sample preparation, provided evidence of the phase purity and crystal quality of the samples. The eMS measurements were conducted following the implantation of 57Mn (t1/2 = 1.5 min), which decays to the 57Fe, 14.4 keV Mössbauer state. The eMS spectra of the samples are dominated by a paramagnetic doublet (D1) with an angular dependence, pointing to the Fe2+ probe ions being in a crystalline environment. It is attributed to an asymmetric EFG at the eMS probe site originating from strong in-plane covalent bonds and weak out-of-plane van der Waals interactions in the 2D material. Moreover, a second broad component, D2, can be assigned to Fe3+ defects that are dynamically generated during the online measurements. The results are compared to ab initio simulations and are discussed in terms of the in-plane and out-of-plane interactions in the system.
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Zheng X, S Mofarah S, Cen A, Cazorla C, Haque E, Chen EY, Atanacio AJ, Manohar M, Vutukuri C, Abraham JL, Koshy P, Sorrell CC. Role of Oxygen Vacancy Ordering and Channel Formation in Tuning Intercalation Pseudocapacitance in Mo Single-Ion-Implanted CeO 2-x Nanoflakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59820-59833. [PMID: 34875170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide pseudocapacitors are limited by low electrical and ionic conductivities. The present work integrates defect engineering and architectural design to exhibit, for the first time, intercalation pseudocapacitance in CeO2-x. An engineered chronoamperometric electrochemical deposition is used to synthesize 2D CeO2-x nanoflakes as thin as ∼12 nm. Through simultaneous regulation of intrinsic and extrinsic defect concentrations, charge transfer and charge-discharge kinetics with redox and intercalation capacitances together are optimized, where reduction increases the gravimetric capacitance by 77% to 583 F g-1, exceeding the theoretical capacitance (562 F g-1). Mo ion implantation and reduction processes increase the specific capacitance by 133%, while the capacitance retention increases from 89 to 95%. The role of ion-implanted Mo6+ is critical through its interstitial solid solubility, which is not to alter the energy band diagram but to facilitate the generation of electrons and to establish the midgap states for color centers, which facilitate electron transfer across the band gap, thus enhancing n-type semiconductivity. Critically, density functional theory simulations reveal, for the first time, that the reduction causes the formation of ordered oxygen vacancies that provide an atomic channel for ion intercalation. These channels enable intercalation pseudocapacitance but also increase electrical and ionic conductivities. In addition, the associated increased active site density enhances the redox such that the 10% of the Ce3+ available for redox (surface only) increases to 35% by oxygen vacancy channels. These findings are critical for any oxide system used for energy storage systems, as they offer both architectural design and structural engineering of materials to maximize the capacitance performance by achieving accumulative surface redox and intercalation-based redox reactions during the charge/discharge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Sajjad S Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alan Cen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Claudio Cazorla
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Enamul Haque
- EH Solid State Physics Laboratory, Gaffargaon, Mymensingh 2233, Bangladesh
| | - Ewing Y Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Armand J Atanacio
- Centre for Accelerator Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Madhura Manohar
- Centre for Accelerator Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Corey Vutukuri
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Joel Luke Abraham
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Charles C Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Al-Otaibi AL. Yttrium Doped Single-Crystalline Orthorhombic Molybdenum Oxide Micro-Belts: Synthesis, Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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