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He X, Li L, Yan S, Fu H, Zhong F, Cao J, Ding M, Sun Q, Jia C. Advanced electrode enabled by lignin-derived carbon for high-performance vanadium redox flow battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1455-1463. [PMID: 37804614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are promising energy storage systems with the potential to bridge the gap between intermittent renewable electricity generation and continuous supply of reliable electricity. The electrodes found in VRFB cells affect their energy efficiency (EE) and power density. It is important to fabricate electrodes with intriguing properties to enable VRFBs to have high performance. Herein, the abundant and cost-effective lignin is employed as the precursor to produce amorphous carbon particles after undergoing thermal decomposition treatment. The carbon particles cover the surface of carbon felt (CF). The resulting CF modified by lignin-derived carbon particles (Lignin-CF) with increased active sites and improved hydrophilicity displays superior electrochemical activity towards the VO2+/VO2+ pair than both the pristine CF and the heated bare CF. Remarkably, the VRFB consisting of Lignin-CF which acts as the positive electrode shows high performance in terms of the average EE (83.3 %) and average voltage efficiency (VE) (85.0 %) over 1000 cycles (long cycling life) for more than 16 days at 100 mA cm-2, and high power density of 1053.2 mW cm-2. It is noted that the EE and VE are comparable to the highest reported value of CF modified by carbon-based materials, aside having evidently longer cycling life. This study provides a feasible strategy for fabricating an affordable electrode for high-performance VRFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Su Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Hu Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Fangfang Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jinchao Cao
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256606, China
| | - Mei Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Qilong Sun
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256606, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Chuankun Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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2
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Song F, Straten JW, Lin Y, Ding Y, Schlögl R, Heumann S, Mechler AK. Binder‐Free N‐Functionalized Carbon Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Song
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jan W. Straten
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- current address: Universität Hohenheim Institut für Agrartechnik (440 f) Garbenstr. 9 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yang‐Ming Lin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- current address: Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R.China
| | - Yuxiao Ding
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Tianshui Middle Road 18 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Saskia Heumann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Anna K. Mechler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- current address: RWTH Aachen University Electrochemical Reaction Engineering Forckenbeckstraße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
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3
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Jiang Z, Intan NN, Yang Q. Ab initio insight into the electrolysis of water on basal and edge (fullerene C 20) surfaces of 4 Å single-walled carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33552-33558. [PMID: 36505700 PMCID: PMC9680824 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06123f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extreme surface reactivity of 4 Å single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) makes for a very promising catalytic material, however, controlling it experimentally has been found to be challenging. Here, we employ ab initio calculations to investigate the extent of surface reactivity and functionalization of 4 Å SWCNTs. We study the kinetics of water dissociation and adsorption on the surface of 4 Å SWCNTs with three different configurations: armchair (3,3), chiral (4,2) and zigzag (5,0). We reveal that out of three different configurations of 4 Å SWCNTs, the surface of tube (5,0) is the most reactive due to its small HOMO-LUMO gap. The dissociation of 1 H2O molecule into an OH/H pair on the surface of tube (5,0) has an adsorption energy of -0.43 eV and an activation energy barrier of 0.66 eV at 298.15 K in pure aqueous solution, which is less than 10% of the activation energy barrier of the same reaction without the catalyst present. The four steps of H+/e- transfer in the oxygen evolution reaction have also been studied on the surface of tube (5,0). The low overpotential of 0.38 V indicates that tube (5,0) has the highest potential efficiency among all studied carbon-based catalysts. We also reveal that the armchair edge of tube (5,0) is reconstructed into fullerene C20. The dangling bonds on the surface of fullerene C20 result in a more reactive surface than the basal surface of tube (5,0), however the catalytic ability was also inhibited in the later oxygen reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104-6323USA
| | - Nadia N. Intan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan 411105China
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García-Alcalde L, González Z, Concheso A, Blanco C, Santamaría R. Impact of electrochemical cells configuration on a reliable assessment of active electrode materials for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Delgado-Avilez J, Huerta-Miranda G, Jaimes-López R, Miranda-Hernández M. Theoretical study of the chemical interactions between carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes and the dihydroxybenzene isomers for electrochemical sensor understanding. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Florian J, Agarwal H, Singh N, Goldsmith BR. Why halides enhance heterogeneous metal ion charge transfer reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12704-12710. [PMID: 34703556 PMCID: PMC8494035 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction kinetics of many metal redox couples on electrode surfaces are enhanced in the presence of halides (i.e., Cl-, Br-, I-). Using first-principles metadynamics simulations, we show a correlation between calculated desorption barriers of V3+-anion complexes bound to graphite via an inner-sphere anion bridge and experimental V2+/V3+ kinetic measurements on edge plane pyrolytic graphite in H2SO4, HCl, and HI. We extend this analysis to V2+/V3+, Cr2+/Cr3+, and Cd0/Cd2+ reactions on a mercury electrode and demonstrate that reported kinetics in acidic electrolytes for these redox couples also correlate with the predicted desorption barriers of metal-anion complexes. Therefore, the desorption barrier of the metal-anion surface intermediate is a descriptor of kinetics for many metal redox couple/electrode combinations in the presence of halides. Knowledge of the metal-anion surface intermediates can guide the design of electrolytes and electrocatalysts with faster kinetics for redox reactions of relevance to energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Florian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
| | - Harsh Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
| | - Bryan R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136 USA
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Hassan A, Haile AS, Tzedakis T, Hansen HA, de Silva P. The Role of Oxygenic Groups and sp 3 Carbon Hybridization in Activated Graphite Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3945-3952. [PMID: 34323377 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphite felt is a widely used electrode material for vanadium redox flow batteries. Electrode activation leads to the functionalization of the graphite surface with epoxy, OH, C=O, and COOH oxygenic groups and changes the carbon surface morphology and electronic structure, thereby improving the electrode's electroactivity relative to the untreated graphite. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are conducted to evaluate functionalization's contribution towards the positive half-cell reaction of the vanadium redox flow battery. The DFT calculations show that oxygenic groups improve the graphite felt's affinity towards the VO2+ /VO2 + redox couple in the following order: C=O>COOH>OH> basal plane. Projected density-of-states (PDOS) calculations show that these groups increase the electrode's sp3 hybridization in the same order, indicating that the increase in sp3 hybridization is responsible for the improved electroactivity, whereas the oxygenic groups' presence is responsible for this sp3 increment. These insights can aid the selection of activation processes and optimization of their parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassan
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR CNRS 5503, Université de Toulouse, UT-III-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
- Chemical Engineering Department, MNS University of Engineering and Technology, QasimPur Colony, BCG Chowk, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asnake Sahele Haile
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Theodore Tzedakis
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR CNRS 5503, Université de Toulouse, UT-III-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr de Silva
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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Intan NN, Pfaendtner J. Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additives on the Initial Formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on an Oxygen-Functionalized Graphitic Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8169-8180. [PMID: 33587593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the electrode/electrolyte interface substantially affects the stability and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). One of the methods to improve the lifetime of LIBs is by the inclusion of additive molecules to stabilize the SEI. To understand the effect of additive molecules on the initial stage of SEI formation, we compare the decomposition and oligomerization reactions of a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive on a range of oxygen-functionalized graphitic anodes to those of an ethylene carbonate (EC) organic electrolyte. A series of density functional theory (DFT) calculations augmented by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations reveal that EC decomposition on an oxygen-functionalized graphitic (112̅0) edge facet through a nucleophilic attack on an ethylene carbon site (CE) of an EC molecule (S2 mechanism) is spontaneous during the initial charging process of LIBs. However, decomposition of EC through a nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl carbon (CC) site (S1 mechanism) results in alkoxide species regeneration that is responsible for continual oligomerization along the graphitic surface. In contrast, FEC prefers to decompose through an S1 pathway, which does not promote alkoxide regeneration. Including FEC as an additive is thus able to suppress alkoxide regeneration and results in a smaller and thinner SEI layer that is more flexible toward lithium intercalation during the charging/discharging process. In addition, we find that the presence of different oxygen functional groups at the surface of graphite dictates the oligomerization products and the LiF formation mechanism in the SEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Intan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Leuaa P, Priyadarshani D, Tripathi AK, Neergat M. What decides the kinetics of V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ redox reactions – Surface functional groups or roughness? J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Leung K. DFT modelling of explicit solid–solid interfaces in batteries: methods and challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10412-10425. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06485k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of electrode material properties in high energy density storage devices like lithium batteries have been standard practice for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Leung
- Sandia National Laboratories
- MS 1415
- Albuquerque
- USA
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11
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Jiang Z, Klyukin K, Miller K, Alexandrov V. Mechanistic Theoretical Investigation of Self-Discharge Reactions in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3976-3983. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Konstantin Klyukin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Kaellen Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Vitaly Alexandrov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Xu A, Shi L, Zeng L, Zhao T. First-principle investigations of nitrogen-, boron-, phosphorus-doped graphite electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Jiang Z, Klyukin K, Alexandrov V. Ab Initio Metadynamics Study of the VO 2+/VO 2+ Redox Reaction Mechanism at the Graphite Edge/Water Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20621-20626. [PMID: 29808985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage systems, for which development is impeded by a poor understanding of redox reactions occurring at electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Even for the conventional all-vanadium RFB chemistry employing V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ couples, there is still no consensus about the reaction mechanism, electrode active sites, and rate-determining step. Herein, we perform Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics-based metadynamics simulations to unravel the mechanism of the VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction in water at the oxygen-functionalized graphite (112̅0) edge surface serving as a representative carbon-based electrode. Our results suggest that during the battery discharge aqueous VO2+/VO2+ species adsorb at the surface C-O groups as inner-sphere complexes, exhibiting faster adsorption/desorption kinetics than V2+/V3+, at least at low vanadium concentrations considered in our study. We find that this is because (i) VO2+/VO2+ conversion does not involve the slow transfer of an oxygen atom, (ii) protonation of VO2+ is spontaneous and coupled to interfacial electron transfer in acidic conditions to enable VO2+ formation, and (iii) V3+ found to be strongly bound to oxygen groups of the graphite surface features unfavorable desorption kinetics. In contrast, the reverse process taking place upon charging is expected to be more sluggish for the VO2+/VO2+ redox couple because of both unfavorable deprotonation of the VO2+ water ligands and adsorption/desorption kinetics.
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