1
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Bartlett ER, Borkowski AK, Nilles CK, Blakemore JD, Thompson WH. Entropy Drives Accelerated Ion Diffusion upon Carbon Dioxide Expansion of Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38703113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide-expanded liquids, organic solvents with high concentrations of soluble carbon dioxide (CO2) at mild pressures, have gained attention as green catalytic media due to their improved properties over traditional solvents. More recently, carbon dioxide-expanded electrolytes (CXEs) have demonstrated improved reaction rates in the electrochemical reduction of CO2, by increasing the rate of delivery of CO2 to the electrode while maintaining facile charge transport. However, recent studies indicate that the limiting behavior of CXEs at higher CO2 pressures is a decline in solution conductivity due to reduced polarity, leading to poorer charge screening and greater ion pairing. In this article, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the energetic driving forces behind the diffusive properties of an acetonitrile and tetrapropylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TPrAPF6) CXE with increasing CO2 concentration. Our results indicate that entropy drives solvent and electrolyte diffusion with increasing CO2 pressure. The activation energy of ion diffusion increases with higher concentrations of CO2, indicating that increasing the temperature may improve solution conductivity in these systems. This trend in the activation energies is traced to stronger cation-anion Coulombic interactions due to weaker solvent screening at high CO2 concentrations, suggesting that the choice of ion may provide a route to diminish this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ashley K Borkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christian K Nilles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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2
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Singh M, Singh H, Sethi O, Kumar Sood A, Singh Kang T. Investigating the thermodynamic properties and interactional behaviour of a protic room temperature ionic liquid in binary mixtures with ethylene glycol derivatives at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Su L, Gao X, Mariani A, Liu X, Passerini S, Gao Y, Zheng L. Molecular Insight into Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Magnesium Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:105-111. [PMID: 34962126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising designer solvents for multivalent electrolytes, enabling the modulation of molecular-level interactions of solvate species. The molecular mechanism of multivalent-ion clustering and its impact on electrolytes properties is far less studied than that of ion pairs. Herein, we explore the effect of ion clusters on the transport and electrochemical behavior of IL-based electrolytes for Mg batteries. Simulation and small-angle X-ray scattering results indicate that ILs with higher denticity effectively suppress ion agglomeration and parasitic reactions of the Mg electrolytes. Although ion clustering reduces the diffusivity of Mg2+, the Coulombic efficiency for the reversible Mg deposition/stripping process is improved, highlighting the importance of microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities in the rational design of enhanced multivalent electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Su
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xu Liu
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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4
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Mariani A, Innocenti A, Varzi A, Passerini S. On the nanoscopic structural heterogeneity of liquid n-alkyl carboxylic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20282-20287. [PMID: 34486605 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the first in-depth structural characterisation of simple linear carboxylic acids with alkyl tail length ranging from one to six carbon atoms. By means of the SWAXS technique, a pronounced nanoscopic heterogeneity evolving along the aliphatic portion of the molecule is highlighted. Via classical molecular dynamics, the origin of such heterogeneity is unambiguously assigned to the existence of aliphatic domains resulting from the self-segregation of the polar and apolar portions of the molecules. Furthermore, the structural correlation of aliphatic-separated polar domains is responsible for observing the so-called "pre-peak" in the SAXS region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mariani
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Innocenti
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany.
| | - Alberto Varzi
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany.
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany.
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5
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Ausín D, Parajó JJ, Trenzado JL, Varela LM, Cabeza O, Segade L. Influence of Small Quantities of Water on the Physical Properties of Alkylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7334. [PMID: 34298957 PMCID: PMC8306069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study of two alkylammonium nitrate ionic liquids. As part of this family of materials, mainly ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and also propylammonium nitrate (PAN) have attracted a great deal of attention during the last decades due to their potential applications in many fields. Although there have been numerous publications focused on the measurement of their physical properties, a great dispersion can be observed in the results obtained for the same magnitude. One of the critical points to be taken into account in their physical characterization is their water content. Thus, the main objective of this work was to determine the degree of influence of the presence of small quantities of water in EAN and PAN on the measurement of density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, refractive index and surface tension. For this purpose, the first three properties were determined in samples of EAN and PAN with water contents below 30,000 ppm in a wide range of temperatures, between 5 and 95 °C, while the last two were obtained at 25 °C. As a result of this study, it has been concluded that the presence of water is critical in those physical properties that involve mass or charge transport processes, resulting in the finding that the absolute value of the average percentage change in both viscosity and electrical conductivity is above 40%. Meanwhile, refractive index (≤0.3%), density (≤0.5%) and surface tension (≤2%) present much less significant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ausín
- Departamento de Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (D.A.); (O.C.)
| | - Juan J. Parajó
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.J.P.); (L.M.V.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, CIQUP-Centro de Investigaçao em Química da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José L. Trenzado
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Varela
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.J.P.); (L.M.V.)
| | - Oscar Cabeza
- Departamento de Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (D.A.); (O.C.)
| | - Luisa Segade
- Departamento de Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (D.A.); (O.C.)
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6
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A Presentation of Ionic Liquids as Lubricants: Some Critical Comments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid materials at room temperature with an ionic intrinsic nature. The electrostatic interactions therefore play a pivotal role in dictating their inner structure, which is then expected to be far from the traditional pattern of classical simple liquids. Therefore, the strength of such interactions and their long-range effects are responsible for the ionic liquid high viscosity, a fact that itself suggests their possible use as lubricants. More interestingly, the possibility to establish a wide scenario of possible interactions with solid surfaces constitutes a specific added value in this use. In this framework, the ionic liquid complex molecular structure and the huge variety of possible interactions cause a complex aggregation pattern which can depend on the presence of the solid surface itself. Although there is plenty of literature focusing on the lubricant properties of ionic liquids and their applications, the aim of this contribution is, instead, to furnish to the reader a panoramic view of this exciting problematic, commenting on interesting and speculative aspects which are sometimes neglected in standard works and trying to furnish an enriched vision of the topic. The present work constitutes an easy-to-read critical point of view which tries to interact with the imagination of readers, hopefully leading to the discovery of novel aspects and interconnections and ultimately stimulating new ideas and research.
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7
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Hou H, Schütz HM, Giffin J, Wippermann K, Gao X, Mariani A, Passerini S, Korte C. Acidic Ionic Liquids Enabling Intermediate Temperature Operation Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8370-8382. [PMID: 33573380 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein we show that protic ionic liquids (PILs) are promising electrolytes for fuel cells operating in the temperature range 100-120 °C. N,N-Diethyl-N-methyl-3-sulfopropan-1-ammonium hydrogen sulfate ([DEMSPA][HSA]), N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-3-sulfopropan-1-ammonium triflate ([DEMSPA][TfO]), N,N-diethyl-3-sulfopropan-1-ammonium hydrogen sulfate ([DESPA][HSA]), and N,N-diethyl-3-sulfopropan-1-ammonium triflate ([DESPA][TfO]) are investigated in this study with regard to their specific conductivity, thermal stability, viscosity, and electrochemical properties. The [DEMSPA][TfO] and [DESPA][TfO] electrolytes offer high limiting current densities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on platinum electrodes, that is, about 1 order of magnitude larger than 98% H3PO4. This is explained by the minor poisoning of the Pt catalyst and the significantly larger product of the oxygen self-diffusion coefficient and concentration in these two PILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanno Maria Schütz
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Giffin
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Klaus Wippermann
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Korte
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Goloviznina K, Gong Z, Costa Gomes MF, Pádua AAH. Extension of the CL&Pol Polarizable Force Field to Electrolytes, Protic Ionic Liquids, and Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1606-1617. [PMID: 33555860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The polarizable CL&Pol force field presented in our previous study, Transferable, Polarizable Force Field for Ionic Liquids (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 5858, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.9b0068910.1021/acs.jctc.9b00689), is extended to electrolytes, protic ionic liquids (PIL), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and glycols. These systems are problematic in polarizable simulations because they contain either small, highly charged ions or strong hydrogen bonds, which cause trajectory instabilities due to the pull exerted on the induced dipoles. We use a Tang-Toennies (TT) function to dampen, or smear, the interactions between charges and induced dipole at a short range involving small, highly charged atoms (such as hydrogen or lithium), thus preventing the "polarization catastrophe". The new force field gives stable trajectories and is validated through comparison with experimental data on density, viscosity, and ion diffusion coefficients of liquid systems of the above-mentioned classes. The results also shed light on the hydrogen-bonding pattern in ethylammonium nitrate, a PIL, for which the literature contains conflicting views. We describe the implementation of the TT damping function, of the temperature-grouped Nosé-Hoover thermostat for polarizable molecular dynamics (MD) and of the periodic perturbation method for viscosity evaluation from non-equilibrium trajectories in the LAMMPS MD code. The main result of this work is the wider applicability of the CL&Pol polarizable force field to new, important classes of fluids, achieving robust trajectories and a good description of equilibrium and transport properties in challenging systems. The fragment-based approach of CL&Pol will allow ready extension to a wide variety of PILs, DES, and electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Goloviznina
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Zheng Gong
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | | | - Agílio A H Pádua
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
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9
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Effect of rotating magnetic field on the diffusivity of ethylammonium nitrate ionic liquid confined between micrometer-spaced glass plates. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Mariani A, Bonomo M, Gao X, Centrella B, Nucara A, Buscaino R, Barge A, Barbero N, Gontrani L, Passerini S. The unseen evidence of Reduced Ionicity: The elephant in (the) room temperature ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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A combined electrochemical, infrared and EDXD tool to disclose Deep Eutectic Solvents formation when one precursor is liquid: Glyceline as case study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Gnezdilov OI, Antzutkin ON, Gimatdinov R, Filippov A. Temperature dependence of 1H NMR chemical shifts and diffusivity of confined ethylammonium nitrate ionic liquid. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 74:84-89. [PMID: 32949669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some ionic liquids (ILs) change their dynamic properties when placed in a confinement between polar surfaces (Filippov et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018, 20, 6316). The diffusivities of ions and NMR relaxation times in these ILs also reversibly change under a strong static magnetic field. The mechanisms of these phenomena are not clear, but it has been suggested that they involve modified hydrogen-bonding networks formed in these ILs in the presence of polar surfaces. To obtain a better understanding of these effects, we performed temperature-dependent measurements of chemical shifts and diffusion coefficients for ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) IL in the bulk phase (IB) and confined in layers with a thickness of ~4 μm between quartz plates unexposed (I phase) and exposed (IMF phase) to a static magnetic field of 9.4 T. It was shown that the NMR chemical shift of NH3 protons of EAN in the I phase is strongly shifted upfield, ~0.0145 ppm/K, which is due to weakening of the hydrogen-bonding network of the confined EAN. Exposure to the magnetic field leads to restitution of the hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding network). The temperature dependences of diffusion coefficients follow the order D(I) > D(IB) > D(IMF) and can be described by a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann approach with variation of the pre-exponential factor, which is determined by the strength of the H-bonding network. Confinement of EAN between plates (IB → I) is an endothermic process, while processes occurring in a magnetic field, I → IMF and IMF → I, are exothermic and endothermic, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg N Antzutkin
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden; Department of Physics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Andrei Filippov
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden; Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia.
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13
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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Statistic-Driven Proton Transfer Affecting Nanoscopic Organization in an Ethylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquid and 1,4-Diaminobutane Binary Mixture: A Steamy Pizza Model. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on the theoretical and experimental investigation of the chemical equilibrium in a Ethylammonium Nitrate (EAN)/1,4-Diaminobutane (DAB) binary mixture displaying a significant excess of the latter component (namely, a 1:9 mole ratio). Both the neutral compounds, i.e., ethylamine (EtNH2) and DAB, present very similar chemical properties, especially concerning their basic strength, resulting in a continuous jump of the proton from the ethylammonium to the diamine (and vice-versa). Due to the significant excess of DAB, the proton is (statistically) expected to be bound to one of its nitrogen atoms, leading to the formation of a new (ternary) mixture containing DAB (ca. 80%), ethylamine (ca. 10%) and 4-amino-1-butylammonium nitrate (ABAN, ca. 10%). This is probed by means of SAXS measurements, showing LqE (low q excess) that increases over time. This feature tends to stabilize after approximately one day. When the measurement is repeated after one year, the LqE feature shows an increased intensity. Based on the results of our simulations, we suggest that this phenomenon is likely due to partial ethylamine evaporation, pushing the equilibrium toward the formation of ABAN.
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15
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Ramondo F, Gontrani L, Campetella M. Coupled hydroxyl and ether functionalisation in EAN derivatives: the effect of hydrogen bond donor/acceptor groups on the structural heterogeneity studied with X-ray diffractions and fixed charge/polarizable simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11464-11475. [PMID: 31112158 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a study by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction of liquid 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ammonium nitrate, NH3CH2CH2(OCH2CH2OH)+NO3- (22HHEAN). This ionic liquid is derived from the parent ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) with an ether link in the chain and a hydroxyl group in the terminal position. The absence of peaks at low-q values in the experimental diffraction curve indicates that the added polar groups and the high conformational isomerism of the cations alter strongly the nanosegregation of the parent EAN liquid. Aggregation between ionic species may involve hydrogen bonding between cations and anions and a variety of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between cations. Diffraction patterns are compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations with two different force fields: the fixed point charge force field (GAFF) with different charge scaling protocols and the polarizable AMOEBA force field. Most point charge models lead to the appearance of a quite evident low q-peak which decreases gradually, when the percentage and type of the scaling (uniform vs. non-uniform) are increased. In the polarisable model and in the model where only anion charges are scaled to 20%, instead, the pre-peak is absent in agreement with our experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ramondo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. and Department of Chemistry, University "La Sapienza", Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Campetella
- Department of Chemistry, University "La Sapienza", Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy and Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
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Lo Celso F, Appetecchi GB, Simonetti E, Zhao M, Castner EW, Keiderling U, Gontrani L, Triolo A, Russina O. Microscopic Structural and Dynamic Features in Triphilic Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. Front Chem 2019; 7:285. [PMID: 31119123 PMCID: PMC6507529 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report a thorough investigation of the microscopic and mesoscopic structural organization in a series of triphilic fluorinated room temperature ionic liquids, namely [1-alkyl,3-methylimidazolium][(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide], with alkyl = ethyl, butyl, octyl ([Cnmim][IM14], n = 2, 4, 8), based on the synergic exploitation of X-ray and Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics simulations. This study reveals the strong complementarity between X-ray/neutron scattering in detecting the complex segregated morphology in these systems at mesoscopic spatial scales. The use of MD simulations delivering a very good agreement with experimental data allows us to gain a robust understanding of the segregated morphology. The structural scenario is completed with determination of dynamic properties accessing the diffusive behavior and a relaxation map is provided for [C2mim][IM14] and [C8mim][IM14], highlighting their natures as fragile glass formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Man Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Uwe Keiderling
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Triolo
- Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici, Istituto Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Russina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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NMR investigation of the structure and single-particle dynamics of inorganic salt solutions in a protic ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Turco Liveri V, Lombardo D, Pochylski M, Calandra P. Molecular association of small amphiphiles: Origin of ionic liquid properties in dibutyl phosphate/propylamine binary mixtures. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Campetella M, Mariani A, Sadun C, Wu B, Castner EW, Gontrani L. Structure and dynamics of propylammonium nitrate-acetonitrile mixtures: An intricate multi-scale system probed with experimental and theoretical techniques. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134507. [PMID: 29626911 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the study of structural and dynamical properties for a series of acetonitrile/propylammonium nitrate mixtures as a function of their composition. These systems display an unusual increase in intensity in their X-ray diffraction patterns in the low-q regime, and their 1H-NMR diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) spectra display unusual diffusivities. However, the magnitude of both phenomena for mixtures of propylammonium nitrate is smaller than those observed for ethylammonium nitrate mixtures with the same cosolvent, suggesting that the cation alkyl tail plays an important role in these observations. The experimental X-ray scattering data are compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations, including both ab initio studies used to interpret short-range interactions and classical simulations to describe longer range interactions. The higher level calculations highlight the presence of a strong hydrogen bond network within the ionic liquid, only slightly perturbed even at high acetonitrile concentration. These strong interactions lead to the symmetry breaking of the NO3- vibrations, with a splitting of about 88 cm-1 in the ν3 antisymmetric stretch. The classical force field simulations use a greater number of ion pairs, but are not capable of fully describing the longest range interactions, although they do successfully account for the observed concentration trend, and the analysis of the models confirms the nano-inhomogeneity of these kinds of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Campetella
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Beamline ID02, ESRF-European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claudia Sadun
- Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Boning Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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