1
|
Lehtonen A. Metal Complexes of Redox Non-Innocent Ligand N, N'-Bis(3,5-di- tertbutyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine. Molecules 2024; 29:1088. [PMID: 38474599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox non-innocent ligands react with metal precursors to form complexes where the oxidation states of the ligand and thus the metal atom cannot be easily defined. A well-known example of such ligands is bis(o-aminophenol) N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tertbutyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine, previously developed by the Wieghardt group, which has a potentially tetradentate coordination mode and four distinct protonation states, whereas its electrochemical behavior allows for five distinct oxidation states. This rich redox chemistry, as well as the ability to coordinate to various transition metals, has been utilized in the syntheses of metal complexes with M2L, ML and ML2 stoichiometries, sometimes supported with other ligands. Different oxidation states of the ligand can adopt different coordination modes. For example, in the fully oxidized form, two N donors are sp2-hybridized, which makes the ligand planar, whereas in the fully reduced form, the sp3-hybridized N donors allow the formation of more flexible chelate structures. In general, the metal can be reduced during complexation, but redox processes of the isolated complexes typically occur on the ligand. Combination of this non-innocent ligand with redox-active transition metals may lead to complexes with interesting magnetic, electrochemical, photonic and catalytic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Lehtonen
- Intelligent Materials Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neururer F, Huter K, Seidl M, Hohloch S. Reactivity and Structure of a Bis-phenolate Niobium NHC Complex. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 3:59-71. [PMID: 36748079 PMCID: PMC9896488 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the facile synthesis of a rare niobium(V) imido NHC complex with a dianionic OCO-pincer benzimidazolylidene ligand (L 1 ) with the general formula [NbL 1 (N t Bu)PyCl] 1-Py. We achieved this by in situ deprotonation of the corresponding azolium salt [H 3 L 1 ][Cl] and subsequent reaction with [Nb(N t Bu)Py 2 Cl 3 ]. The pyridine ligand in 1-Py can be removed by the addition of B(C6F5)3 as a strong Lewis acid leading to the formation of the pyridine-free complex 1. In contrast to similar vanadium(V) complexes, complex 1-Py was found to be a good precursor for various salt metathesis reactions, yielding a series of chalcogenido and pnictogenido complexes with the general formula [ NbL 1 (N t Bu)Py(EMes)] (E = O (2), S (3), NH (4), and PH (5)). Furthermore, complex 1-Py can be converted to alkyl complex (6) with 1 equiv of neosilyl lithium as a transmetallation agent. Addition of a second equivalent yields a new trianionic supporting ligand on the niobium center (7) in which the benzimidazolylidene ligand is alkylated at the former carbene carbon atom. The latter is an interesting chemically "noninnocent" feature of the benzimidazolylidene ligand potentially useful in catalysis and atom transfer reactions. Addition of mesityl lithium to 1-Py gives the pyridine-free aryl complex 8, which is stable toward "overarylation" by an additional equivalent of mesityl lithium. Electrochemical investigation revealed that complexes 1-Py and 1 are inert toward reduction in dichloromethane but show two irreversible reduction processes in tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. However, using standard reduction agents, e.g., KC8, K-mirror, and Na/Napht, no reduced products could be isolated. All complexes have been thoroughly studied by various techniques, including 1H-, 13C{1H}-, and 1H-15N HMBC NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Shaw M, Bates M, Jones MD, Ward BD. Metallocene catalysts for the ring-opening co-polymerisation of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening co-polymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is a versatile route to new polyesters. The vast number of monomers that are readily available means that an effectively limitless...
Collapse
|
4
|
Neururer F, Liu S, Leitner D, Baltrun M, Fisher KR, Kopacka H, Wurst K, Daumann LJ, Munz D, Hohloch S. Mesoionic Carbenes in Low- to High-Valent Vanadium Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15421-15434. [PMID: 34590834 PMCID: PMC8527456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of vanadium(V) oxo complex 1 with a pincer-type dianionic mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligand L1 and the general formula [VOCl(L1)]. A comparison of the structural (SC-XRD), electronic (UV-vis), and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) properties of 1 with the benzimidazolinylidene congener 2 (general formula [VOCl(L2)]) shows that the MIC is a stronger donor also for early transition metals with low d-electron population. Since electrochemical studies revealed both complexes to be reversibly reduced, the stronger donor character of MICs was not only demonstrated for the vanadium(V) but also for the vanadium(IV) oxidation state by isolating the reduced vanadium(IV) complexes [Co(Cp*)2][1] and [Co(Cp*)2][2] ([Co(Cp*)2] = decamethylcobaltocenium). The electronic structures of the compounds were investigated by computational methods. Complex 1 was found to be a moderate precursor for salt metathesis reactions, showing selective reactivity toward phenolates or secondary amides, but not toward primary amides and phosphides, thiophenols, or aryls/alkyls donors. Deoxygenation with electron-rich phosphines failed to give the desired vanadium(III) complex. However, treatment of the deprotonated ligand precursor with vanadium(III) trichloride resulted in the clean formation of the corresponding MIC vanadium(III) complex 6, which undergoes a clean two-electron oxidation with organic azides yielding the corresponding imido complexes. The reaction with TMS-N3 did not afford a nitrido complex, but instead the imido complex 10. This study reveals that, contrary to popular belief, MICs are capable of supporting early transition-metal complexes in a variety of oxidation states, thus making them promising candidates for the activation of small molecules and redox catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian
R. Neururer
- Institute
of Inorganic, General and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shenyu Liu
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Daniel Leitner
- Institute
of Inorganic, General and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marc Baltrun
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Katherine R. Fisher
- Department
Chemie, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13 Haus D, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute
of Inorganic, General and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute
of Inorganic, General and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena J. Daumann
- Department
Chemie, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13 Haus D, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Fakultät
NT, Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institute
of Inorganic, General and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suresh L, Finnstad J, Törnroos KW, Le Roux E. Bis(phenolate)-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of oxo- and imido-vanadium(V). Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Romain C, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Recent progress on NHC-stabilized early transition metal (group 3–7) complexes: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
8
|
Suresh L, Lalrempuia R, B. Ekeli J, Gillis-D’Hamers F, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR, Le Roux E. Unsaturated and Benzannulated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Titanium and Hafnium: Impact on Catalysts Structure and Performance in Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with CO 2. Molecules 2020; 25:E4364. [PMID: 32977466 PMCID: PMC7582562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tridentate, bis-phenolate N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are among the ligands giving the most selective and active group 4-based catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) with CO2. In particular, ligands based on imidazolidin-2-ylidene (saturated NHC) moieties have given catalysts which exclusively form polycarbonate in moderate-to-high yields even under low CO2 pressure and at low copolymerization temperatures. Here, to evaluate the influence of the NHC moiety on the molecular structure of the catalyst and its performance in copolymerization, we extend this chemistry by synthesizing and characterizing titanium complexes bearing tridentate bis-phenolate imidazol-2-ylidene (unsaturated NHC) and benzimidazol-2-ylidene (benzannulated NHC) ligands. The electronic properties of the ligands and the nature of their bonds to titanium are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The metal-NHC bond distances and bond strengths are governed by ligand-to-metal σ- and π-donation, whereas back-donation directly from the metal to the NHC ligand seems to be less important. The NHC π-acceptor orbitals are still involved in bonding, as they interact with THF and isopropoxide oxygen lone-pair donor orbitals. The new complexes are, when combined with [PPN]Cl co-catalyst, selective in polycarbonate formation. The highest activity, albeit lower than that of the previously reported Ti catalysts based on saturated NHC, was obtained with the benzannulated NHC-Ti catalyst. Attempts to synthesize unsaturated and benzannulated NHC analogues based on Hf invariably led, as in earlier work with Zr, to a mixture of products that include zwitterionic and homoleptic complexes. However, the benzannulated NHC-Hf complexes were obtained as the major products, allowing for isolation. Although these complexes selectively form polycarbonate, their catalytic performance is inferior to that of analogues based on saturated NHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; (L.S.); (R.L.); (J.B.E.); (F.G.-D.); (K.W.T.)
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; (L.S.); (R.L.); (J.B.E.); (F.G.-D.); (K.W.T.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jonas B. Ekeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; (L.S.); (R.L.); (J.B.E.); (F.G.-D.); (K.W.T.)
| | - Francis Gillis-D’Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; (L.S.); (R.L.); (J.B.E.); (F.G.-D.); (K.W.T.)
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; (L.S.); (R.L.); (J.B.E.); (F.G.-D.); (K.W.T.)
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; (L.S.); (R.L.); (J.B.E.); (F.G.-D.); (K.W.T.)
| | - Erwan Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; (L.S.); (R.L.); (J.B.E.); (F.G.-D.); (K.W.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang GW, Zhang YY, Xie R, Wu GP. Scalable Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts for Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides with Unprecedented Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12245-12255. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Raman SK, Deacy AC, Pena Carrodeguas L, Reis NV, Kerr RWF, Phanopoulos A, Morton S, Davidson MG, Williams CK. Ti(IV)-Tris(phenolate) Catalyst Systems for the Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide. Organometallics 2020; 39:1619-1627. [PMID: 32421072 PMCID: PMC7218927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Titanium(IV)
complexes of amino-tris(phenolate) ligands (LTiX,
X = chloride, isopropoxide) together with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium
chloride (PPNCl) are active catalyst systems for the ring-opening
copolymerization of carbon dioxide and cyclohexene oxide. They show
moderate activity, with turnover frequency values of ∼60 h–1 (0.02 mol % of catalyst, 80 °C, 40 bar of CO2) and high selectivity (carbonate linkages >90%), but their
absolute performances are lower than those of the most active Ti(IV)
catalyst systems. The reactions proceed with linear evolution of polycarbonate
(PCHC) molar mass with epoxide conversion, consistent with controlled
polymerizations, and evolve bimodal molar mass distributions of PCHC
(up to Mn = 42 kg mol–1). The stoichiometric reaction between [LTiOiPr] and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, PPh4Cl,
allows isolation of the putative catalytic intermediate [LTi(OiPr)Cl]−, which is characterized
using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The anionic titanium
complex [LTi(OR)Cl]− is proposed as a model for
the propagating alkoxide intermediates in the catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumesh K Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Arron C Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Leticia Pena Carrodeguas
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Natalia V Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Ryan W F Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sebastian Morton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matthew G Davidson
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang J, Worch JC, Dove AP, Coulembier O. Update and Challenges in Carbon Dioxide-Based Polycarbonate Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:469-487. [PMID: 31769174 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of carbon dioxide as a comonomer to produce polycarbonates has attracted a great deal of attention from both industrial and academic communities because it promises to replace petroleum-derived plastics and supports a sustainable environment. Significant progress in the copolymerization of cyclic ethers (e.g., epoxide, oxetane) and carbon dioxide has been made in recent decades, owing to the rapid development of catalysts. In this Review, the focus is to summarize and discuss recent advances in the development of homogeneous catalysts, including metal- and organo-based complexes, as well as the preparation of carbon dioxide-based block copolymer and functional polycarbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joshua C Worch
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mandal M. Group 4 complexes as catalysts for the transformation of CO2 into polycarbonates and cyclic carbonates. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Kayan A. Recent Studies on Single Site Metal Alkoxide Complexes as Catalysts for Ring Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Compounds. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-019-09291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
14
|
Lalrempuia R, Underhaug J, Törnroos KW, Le Roux E. Anionic hafnium species: an active catalytic intermediate for the coupling of epoxides with CO 2? Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7227-7230. [PMID: 31165803 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of hafnium complexes were structurally identified showing high activity (up to 500 h-1) in the selective alternated copolymerization of epoxides with CO2 under low pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralte Lalrempuia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jarl Underhaug
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Erwan Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Absalan Y, Bratchikova IG, Kovalchukova OV. Doped rare and transition metal perovskite-type titanate nanoparticles: A new method for developing synthesizing and photocatalytic ability. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Quadri CC, Lalrempuia R, Frøystein NÅ, Törnroos KW, Le Roux E. Steric factors on unsymmetrical O -hydroxyaryl N -Heterocyclic carbene ligands prevailing the stabilization of single stereoisomer of bis-ligated titanium complexes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
17
|
Quadri CC, Lalrempuia R, Hessevik J, Törnroos KW, Le Roux E. Structural Characterization of Tridentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Titanium(IV) Benzyloxide, Silyloxide, Acetate, and Azide Complexes and Assessment of Their Efficacies for Catalyzing the Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with CO2. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie C. Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Hessevik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erwan Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|