1
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Alaei A, Mohajerani SS, Schmelmer B, Rubio TI, Bendesky J, Kim MW, Ma Y, Jeong S, Zhou Q, Klopfenstein M, Avalos CE, Strauf S, Lee SS. Scaffold-Guided Crystallization of Oriented α-FAPbI 3 Nanowire Arrays for Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56127-56137. [PMID: 37987696 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanowire arrays with large surface areas for efficient charge transfer and continuous highly crystalline domains for efficient charge transport exhibit ideal morphologies for solar-cell active layers. Here, we introduce a room temperature two-step method to grow dense, vertical nanowire arrays of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3). PbI2 nanocrystals embedded in the cylindrical nanopores of anodized titanium dioxide scaffolds were converted to FAPbI3 by immersion in a FAI solution for a period of 0.5-30 min. During immersion, FAPbI3 crystals grew vertically from the scaffold surface as nanowires with diameters and densities determined by the underlying scaffold. The presence of butylammonium cations during nanowire growth stabilized the active α polymorph of FAPbI3, precluding the need for a thermal annealing step. Solar cells comprising α-FAPbI3 nanowire arrays exhibited maximum solar conversion efficiencies of >14%. Short-circuit current densities of 22-23 mA cm-2 were achieved, on par with those recorded for the best-performing FAPbI3 solar cells reported to date. Such large photocurrents are attributed to the single-crystalline, low-defect nature of the nanowires and increased interfacial area for photogenerated charge transfer compared with thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Alaei
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Seyed Sepehr Mohajerani
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Ben Schmelmer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Thiago I Rubio
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Justin Bendesky
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Min-Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yichen Ma
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Sehee Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Qintian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mia Klopfenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Claudia E Avalos
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stefan Strauf
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Stephanie S Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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2
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Pienia Żek A, Dybała F, Polak MP, Przypis Ł, Herman AP, Kopaczek J, Kudrawiec R. Bandgap Pressure Coefficient of a CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Thin Film Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6470-6476. [PMID: 37436849 PMCID: PMC10364135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific interest in examining the bandgap evolution of a MAPbI3 hybrid perovskite by applying hydrostatic pressure has mostly focused on a room-temperature tetragonal phase. In contrast, the pressure response of a low-temperature orthorhombic phase (OP) of MAPbI3 has not been explored and understood. In this research, we investigate for the first time how hydrostatic pressure alters the electronic landscape of the OP of MAPbI3. Pressure studies using photoluminescence combined with calculations within density functional theory at zero temperature allowed us to identify the main physical factors affecting the bandgap evolution of the OP of MAPbI3. The negative bandgap pressure coefficient was found to be strongly dependent on the temperature (α120K = -13.3 ± 0.1 meV/GPa, α80K = -29.8 ± 0.1 meV/GPa, and α40K = -36.3 ± 0.1 meV/GPa). Such dependence is related to the changes in the Pb-I bond length and geometry in the unit cell as the atomic configuration approaches the phase transition as well as the increasing phonon contribution to octahedral tilting as the temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pienia Żek
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Dybała
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej P Polak
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Łukasz Przypis
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Saule Research Institute, Wroclaw Technology Park, 11 Dunska Street, Sigma Building, 54-130 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur P Herman
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Kopaczek
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Kudrawiec
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Xu K, Pérez-Fidalgo L, Charles BL, Weller MT, Alonso MI, Goñi AR. Using pressure to unravel the structure-dynamic-disorder relationship in metal halide perovskites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9300. [PMID: 37291135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The exceptional optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are presumed to arise, at least in part, from the peculiar interplay between the inorganic metal-halide sublattice and the atomic or molecular cations enclosed in the cage voids. The latter can exhibit a roto-translative dynamics, which is shown here to be at the origin of the structural behavior of MHPs as a function of temperature, pressure and composition. The application of high hydrostatic pressure allows for unraveling the nature of the interaction between both sublattices, characterized by the simultaneous action of hydrogen bonding and steric hindrance. In particular, we find that under the conditions of unleashed cation dynamics, the key factor that determines the structural stability of MHPs is the repulsive steric interaction rather than hydrogen bonding. Taking as example the results from pressure and temperature-dependent photoluminescence and Raman experiments on MAPbBr[Formula: see text] but also considering the pertinent MHP literature, we provide a general picture about the relationship between the crystal structure and the presence or absence of cationic dynamic disorder. The reason for the structural sequences observed in MHPs with increasing temperature, pressure, A-site cation size or decreasing halide ionic radius is found principally in the strengthening of the dynamic steric interaction with the increase of the dynamic disorder. In this way, we have deepened our fundamental understanding of MHPs; knowledge that could be coined to improve performance in future optoelectronic devices based on this promising class of semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luis Pérez-Fidalgo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bethan L Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Queens Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Mark T Weller
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - M Isabel Alonso
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alejandro R Goñi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Wang Y, He C, Tan Q, Tang Z, Huang L, Liu L, Yin J, Jiang Y, Wang X, Pan A. Exciton-phonon coupling in two-dimensional layered (BA) 2PbI 4 perovskite microplates. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5893-5899. [PMID: 36816078 PMCID: PMC9936372 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06401d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered (BA)2PbI4 (BA = C4H9NH3) perovskites are emerging as a new class of layered materials and show great potential in optoelectronic applications. Elucidating how exciton-phonon interaction affects the excitonic emission is of great importance for a better knowledge of their optoelectronic properties. In this letter, we synthesized high-quality (BA)2PbI4 microplates via solution methods, and dual-excitonic emission peaks (surface-emission and interior-emission) were detected from the as-grown samples at low temperatures. Furthermore, we determine the energies for the longitudinal optical phonon modes to be ∼27 and ∼18 meV, and the exciton-phonon coupling strengths to be ∼177 and ∼21 meV for the surface-emission and interior-emission bands, respectively. Compared to the interior-emission band, the stronger exciton-phonon interaction results in a considerable degree of spectral broadening and red-shift for the surface-emission with increasing temperature. In contrast, the (OA)2PbI4 (OA = C8H17NH2) microplates with longer alkyl chains between Pb-I layers, exhibit only one excitonic emission peak, as well as a large exciton-phonon coupling strength. Our work clarifies the influence of exciton-phonon coupling on the excitonic emission of (BA)2PbI4 microplates, and also suggests the intrinsic relationship between the exciton-phonon coupling and the length of organic carbon chain ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan UniversityChangshaHunan 410082China
| | - Chenglin He
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Qin Tan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Zilan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Lanyu Huang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan UniversityChangshaHunan 410082China
| | - Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Jiaocheng Yin
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan UniversityChangshaHunan 410082China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
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5
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Synthesis, Photoluminescence and Vibrational Properties of Aziridinium Lead Halide Perovskites. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227949. [PMID: 36432050 PMCID: PMC9698367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional lead halide perovskites are known for their excellent optoelectronic properties, making them suitable for photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. Here, we report for the first time the Raman spectra and photoluminescent (PL) properties of recently discovered three-dimensional aziridinium lead halide perovskites (AZPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I), as well as assignment of vibrational modes. We also report diffuse reflection data, which revealed an extended absorption of light of AZPbX3 compared to the MA and FA counterparts and are beneficial for solar cell application. We demonstrated that this behavior is correlated with the size of the organic cation, i.e., the energy band gap of the cubic lead halide perovskites decreases with the increasing size of the organic cation. All compounds show intense PL, which weakens on heating and shifts toward higher energies. This PL is red shifted compared to the FA and MA counterparts. An analysis of the PL data revealed the small exciton binding energy of AZPbX3 compounds (29-56 meV). Overall, the properties of AZPbX3 are very similar to those of the well-known MAPbX3 and FAPbX3 perovskites, indicating that the aziridinium analogues are also attractive materials for light-emitting and solar cell applications.
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6
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Ghosh S, Pradhan B, Zhang Y, Hofkens J, Karki KJ, Materny A. Nature of the different emissive states and strong exciton-phonon couplings in quasi-two-dimensional perovskites derived from phase-modulated two-photon micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3983-3992. [PMID: 33554234 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05538g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quasi two-dimensional perovskites have attracted great attention for applications in light-emitting devices and photovoltaics due to their robustness and tunable highly efficient photoluminescence (PL). However, the mechanism of intrinsic PL in these materials is still not fully understood. In this work, we have analysed the nature of the different emissive states and the impact of temperature on the emissions in quasi two-dimensional methyl ammonium lead bromide perovskite (q-MPB) and cesium lead bromide perovskite (q-CPB). We have used spatially resolved phase-modulated two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL) and temperature-dependent 2PPL to characterize the emissions. Our results show that at room temperature, the PL from q-MPB is due to the recombination of excitons and free carriers while the PL from q-CPB is due to the recombination of excitons only. Temperature-dependent measurements show that in both materials the linewidth broadening is due to the interactions between the excitons and optical phonons at high temperatures. Comparing the characteristics of the emissions in the two systems, we conclude that q-CPB is better suited for light emitting devices. With a further optimization to reduce the impact on the environment, q-CPB-based LEDs could perform as well as OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Bapi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Khadga J Karki
- Phutung Research Institute, Devisthan-marg 5, Goldhunga, Tarakeshwor 5, Kathmandu, 44611, Nepal.
| | - Arnulf Materny
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
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7
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Ying H, Liu Y, Dou Y, Zhang J, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Cheng YB, Zhong J. Surfactant-assisted doctor-blading-printed FAPbBr 3 films for efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:272-281. [PMID: 36641574 PMCID: PMC9743887 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have generated wide interest due to the rapid development of their photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. However, the majority of the reported devices have been fabricated via spin coating with a device area of < 1 cm2. In this study, we fabricated a wide-bandgap formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) film using a cost-effective, high-yielding doctor-blade-coating process. The effects of different surfactants, such as 1-α-phosphatidylcholine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, sodium lauryl sulfonate, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, were studied during the printing process. Accompanying the optimization of the blading temperature, crystal sizes of over 10 µm and large-area perovskite films of 5 cm × 5 cm were obtained using this method. The printed FAPbBr3 solar cells exhibited a short-circuit current density of 8.22 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.175 V, and an efficiency of 7.29%. Subsequently, we replaced the gold with silver nanowires as the top electrode to prepare a semitransparent perovskite solar cell with an average transmittance (400-800 nm) of 25.42%, achieving a high-power efficiency of 5.11%. This study demonstrates efficient doctor-blading printing for preparing large-area FAPbBr3 films that possess high potential for applications in building integrated photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangkai Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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8
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Schuster O, Wientjes P, Shrestha S, Levchuk I, Sytnyk M, Matt GJ, Osvet A, Batentschuk M, Heiss W, Brabec CJ, Fauster T, Niesner D. Looking beyond the Surface: The Band Gap of Bulk Methylammonium Lead Iodide. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3090-3097. [PMID: 32283026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the intense research on photovoltaic lead halide perovskites, reported optical properties as basic as the absorption onset and the optical band gap vary significantly. To unambiguously answer the question whether the discrepancies are a result of differences between bulk and "near-surface" material, we perform two nonlinear spectroscopies with drastically different information depths on single crystals of the prototypical (CH3NH3)PbI3 methylammonium lead iodide. Two-photon absorption, detected via the resulting generation of carriers and photocurrents (2PI-PC), probes the interband transitions with an information depth in the millimeter range relevant for bulk (single-crystal) material. In contrast, the transient magneto-optical Kerr effect (trMOKE) measured in a reflection geometry determines the excitonic transition energies in the region near (hundreds of nm) the surface which also determine the optical properties in typical thin films. To identify differences between structural phases, we sweep the sample temperature across the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature. In the application-relevant room-temperature tetragonal phase (at 170 K), we find a bulk band gap of 1.55 ± 0.01 eV, whereas in the near-surface region excitonic transitions occur at 1.59 ± 0.01 eV. The latter value is consistent with previous reflectance measurements by other groups and considerably higher than the bulk band gap. The small band gap of the bulk material explains the extended infrared absorption of crystalline perovskite solar cells, the low-energy bands which carry optically driven spin-polarized currents, and the narrow bandwidth of crystalline perovskite photodetectors making use of the spectral filtering at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schuster
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wientjes
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shreetu Shrestha
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ievgen Levchuk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mykhailo Sytnyk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Energy Campus Nürnberg, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Gebhard J Matt
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andres Osvet
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Batentschuk
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Energy Campus Nürnberg, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg (HiErN), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fauster
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Niesner
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Ben Aich R, Ben Radhia S, Boujdaria K, Chamarro M, Testelin C. Multiband k·p Model for Tetragonal Crystals: Application to Hybrid Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:808-817. [PMID: 31931571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the theoretical band structure of organic-inorganic perovskites APbX3 with tetragonal crystal structure. Using D4h point group symmetry properties, we derive a general 16-band Hamiltonian describing the electronic band diagram in the vicinity of the wave-vector point corresponding to the direct band gap. For bulk crystals, a very good agreement between our predictions and experimental physical parameters, as band gap energies and effective carrier masses, is obtained. Extending this description to three-dimensional confined hybrid halide perovskite, we calculate the size dependence of the excitonic radiative lifetime and fine structure. We describe the exciton fine structure of cube-shaped nanocrystals by an interplay of crystal-field and electron-hole exchange interaction (short- and long-range parts) enhanced by confinement. Using very recent experimental results on FAPbBr3 nanocrystals, we extract the bulk short-range exchange interaction in this material and predict its value in other hybrid compounds. Finally, we also predict the bright-bright and bright-dark splittings as a function of nanocrystal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ben Aich
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - S Ben Radhia
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - K Boujdaria
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - M Chamarro
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris , Sorbonne Université, CNRS , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - C Testelin
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris , Sorbonne Université, CNRS , F-75005 Paris , France
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10
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Wang J, Zhang C, Liu H, Liu X, Guo H, Sun D, Vardeny ZV. Tunable Spin Characteristic Properties in Spin Valve Devices Based on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904059. [PMID: 31453657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) form a new class of semiconductors which show promising optoelectronic device applications. Remarkably, the optoelectronic properties of HOIP are tunable by changing the chemical components of their building blocks. Recently, the HOIP spintronic properties and their applications in spintronic devices have attracted substantial interest. Here the impact of the chemical component diversity in HOIPs on their spintronic properties is studied. Spin valve devices based on HOIPs with different organic cations and halogen atoms are fabricated. The spin diffusion length is obtained in the various HOIPs by measuring the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) response in spin valve devices with different perovskite interlayer thicknesses. In addition spin lifetime is also measured from the Hanle response. It is found that the spintronic properties of HOIPs are mainly determined by the halogen atoms, rather than the organic cations. The study provides a clear avenue for engineering spintronic devices based on HOIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hangwen Guo
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zeev Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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11
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Chen Y, Wang T, Li Z, Li H, Ye T, Wetzel C, Li H, Shi SF. Communicating Two States in Perovskite Revealed by Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16482. [PMID: 30405168 PMCID: PMC6220243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite as a promising candidate for solar energy harvesting has attracted immense interest for its low-cost preparation and extremely high quantum efficiency. However, the fundamental understanding of the photophysics in perovskite remains elusive. In this work, we have revealed two distinct states in MAPbI3 thin films at low temperature through time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL). In particular, we observed a photo-induced carrier injection from the high energy (HE) state to the low energy (LE) state which has a longer lifetime. The strong interaction between the two states, evidenced by the injection kinetics, can be sensitively controlled through the excitation power. Understanding of the interacting two-states not only sheds light on the long PL lifetime in perovskite but also helps to understand the different behavior of perovskite in response to different excitation power. Further efforts in modifying the low energy state could significantly improve the quantum efficiency and lead to novel application in optoelectronics based on perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Chen
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Tianmeng Wang
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huanbin Li
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Christian Wetzel
- The Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Su-Fei Shi
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,The Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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12
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Structural fluctuations cause spin-split states in tetragonal (CH 3NH 3)PbI 3 as evidenced by the circular photogalvanic effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9509-9514. [PMID: 30181293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805422115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are used in thin-film solar cells, which owe their high efficiency to the long lifetimes of photocarriers. Various calculations find that a dynamical Rashba effect could significantly contribute to these long lifetimes. This effect is predicted to cause a spin splitting of the electronic bands of inversion-symmetric crystalline materials at finite temperatures, resulting in a slightly indirect band gap. Direct experimental evidence of the existence or the strength of the spin splitting is lacking. Here, we resonantly excite photocurrents in single crystalline ([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] with circularly polarized light to clarify the existence of spin splittings in the band structure. We observe a circular photogalvanic effect, i.e., the photocurrent depends on the light helicity, in both orthorhombic and tetragonal ([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] At room temperature, the effect peaks for excitation photon energies [Formula: see text] meV below the direct optical band gap. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal a sign change of the effect at the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition, indicating different microscopic origins in the two phases. Within the tetragonal phase, both [Formula: see text] and the amplitude of the circular photogalvanic effect increase with temperature. Our findings support a dynamical Rashba effect in this phase, i.e., a spin splitting caused by thermally induced structural fluctuations which break inversion symmetry.
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13
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Ghosh S, Shi Q, Pradhan B, Kumar P, Wang Z, Acharya S, Pal SK, Pullerits T, Karki KJ. Phonon Coupling with Excitons and Free Carriers in Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4245-4250. [PMID: 29996055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites in the form of nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their unique optoelectronic and photoluminescence (PL) properties. Here, we examine the phase composition and the temperature dependence of emission line width broadening in formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) for light-emitting applications and identify different charge-carrier scattering mechanisms. Our results show most of the emission is from the orthorhombic phase. The PL line width broadening at high temperature is dominated by the Fröhlich interaction between the free charge carriers and the optical phonons. At low temperatures, the peak of the PL spectrum exhibits a continuous red shift indicating an increase of excitons contribution at lower temperatures, and concurrently the line width also narrows down due to the inhibition of the optical phonons. From the temperature-dependent measurements, the coupling strength of both the charge phonon interaction and the exciton phonon interaction have been determined. The obtained results indicate that the charge phonon coupling strengths are higher compared to the exciton phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand , 175005 Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Qi Shi
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Bapi Pradhan
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand , 175005 Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Khadga J Karki
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
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14
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Kong X, Shayan K, Lee S, Ribeiro C, Strauf S, Lee SS. Remarkable long-term stability of nanoconfined metal-halide perovskite crystals against degradation and polymorph transitions. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8320-8328. [PMID: 29687821 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites are promising candidates to advance optoelectronic devices but are known to suffer from rapid material degradation. Here we demonstrate that nanoconfinement is an effective strategy for the long-term stabilization of metal-halide perovskite MAPbI3 crystals against humidity-induced degradation and temperature-induced polymorph transitions. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns of MAPbI3 films reveal an unprecedented air-stability of up to 594 days in non-chemically modified, non-passivated MAPbI3 films deposited on substrates imposing complete 2D confinement on the tens of nanometers length scale. Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction analysis and optical spectroscopy further reveal the suppression of temperature-dependent phase transitions in nanoconfined MAPbI3 crystals. Most notably, the high-temperature cubic phase of MAPbI3, typically stable at temperatures above 327 K, remains present until a temperature of 170 K when the perovskite crystals are nanoconfined within the 100 nm diameter pores of anodized aluminum oxide templates. Photoluminescence mapping confirms that nanoconfined MAPbI3 crystals exhibit spatial uniformity on the tens of microns length scale, suggesting that nanoconfinement is an effective strategy for the formation of high-quality, stable MAPbI3 crystals across large areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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15
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deQuilettes DW, Jariwala S, Burke S, Ziffer ME, Wang JTW, Snaith HJ, Ginger DS. Tracking Photoexcited Carriers in Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors: Trap-Dominated Spatial Heterogeneity and Diffusion. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11488-11496. [PMID: 29088539 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use correlated confocal and wide-field fluorescence microscopy to probe the interplay between local variations in charge carrier recombination and charge carrier transport in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite thin films. We find that local photoluminescence variations present in confocal imaging are also observed in wide-field imaging, while intensity-dependent confocal measurements show that the heterogeneity in nonradiative losses observed at low excitation powers becomes less pronounced at higher excitation powers. Both confocal and wide-field images show that carriers undergo anisotropic diffusion due to differences in intergrain connectivity. These data are all qualitatively consistent with trap-dominated variations in local photoluminescence intensity and with grain boundaries that exhibit varying degrees of opacity to carrier transport. We use a two-dimensional kinetic model to simulate and compare confocal time-resolved photoluminescence decay traces with experimental data. The simulations further support the assignment of local variations in nonradiative recombination as the primary cause of photoluminescence heterogeneity in the films studied herein. These results point to surface passivation and intergrain connectivity as areas that could yield improvements in perovskite solar cells and optoelectronic device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane W deQuilettes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Sarthak Jariwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Sven Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Mark E Ziffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Jacob T-W Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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16
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Isarov M, Tan LZ, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Rappe AM, Lifshitz E. Rashba Effect in a Single Colloidal CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystal Detected by Magneto-Optical Measurements. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5020-5026. [PMID: 28657325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study depicts the influence of the Rashba effect on the band-edge exciton processes in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite single colloidal nanocrystal (NC). The study is based on magneto-optical measurements carried out at cryogenic temperatures under various magnetic field strengths in which discrete excitonic transitions were detected by linearly and circularly polarized measurements. Interestingly, the experiments show a nonlinear energy splitting between polarized transitions versus magnetic field strength, indicating a crossover between a Rashba effect (at the lowest fields) to a Zeeman effect at fields above 4 T. We postulate that the Rashba effect emanates from a lattice distortion induced by the Cs+ motion degree of freedom or due to a surface effect in nanoscale NCs. The unusual magneto-optical properties shown here underscore the importance of the Rashba effect in the implementation of such perovskite materials in various optical and spin-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Isarov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Solid State Institute, Technion , Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Solid State Institute, Technion , Haifa 3200003, Israel
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