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Ramle AQ, Tiekink ER, Basirun WJ. Synthesis, functionalization and coordination chemistry of dibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hailes RLN, Musgrave RA, Kilpatrick AFR, Russell AD, Whittell GR, O'Hare D, Manners I. Ring-Opening Polymerisation of Low-Strain Nickelocenophanes: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Polynickelocenes with Carbon and Silicon Main Chain Spacers. Chemistry 2019; 25:1044-1054. [PMID: 30304580 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polymetallocenes based on ferrocene, and to a lesser extent cobaltocene, have been well-studied, whereas analogous systems based on nickelocene are virtually unexplored. It has been previously shown that poly(nickelocenylpropylene) [Ni(η5 -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )3 ]n is formed as a mixture of cyclic (6x ) and linear (7) components by the reversible ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of tricarba[3]nickelocenophane [Ni(η5 -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )3 ] (5). Herein the generality of this approach to main-chain polynickelocenes is demonstrated and the ROP of tetracarba[4]nickelocenophane [Ni(η5 -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )4 ] (8), and disila[2]nickelocenophane [Ni(η5 -C5 H4 )2 (SiMe2 )2 ] (12) is described, to yield predominantly insoluble homopolymers poly(nickelocenylbutylene) [Ni(η5 -C5 H4 )2 (CH2 )4 ]n (13) and poly(tetramethyldisilylnickelocene) [Ni(η5 -C5 H4 )2 (SiMe2 )2 ]n (14), respectively. The ROP of 8 and 12 was also found to be reversible at elevated temperature. To access soluble high molar mass materials, copolymerisations of 5, 8, and 12 were performed. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry measurements of 13 and 14 indicated that these homopolymers behave as simple paramagnets at temperatures greater than 50 K, with significant antiferromagnetic coupling that is notably larger in carbon-bridged 6x /7 and 13 compared to the disilyl-bridged 14. However, the behaviour of these polynickelocenes deviates substantially from the Curie-Weiss law at low temperatures due to considerable zero-field splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander F R Kilpatrick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew D Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
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Rothfuss H, Knöfel ND, Tzvetkova P, Michenfelder NC, Baraban S, Unterreiner AN, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Phenanthroline-A Versatile Ligand for Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials. Chemistry 2018; 24:17475-17486. [PMID: 30159925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The controlled incorporation of phenanthroline moieties into polymers is introduced, demonstrating their application as metal-ion complexing ligands for the construction of advanced macromolecular structures. Specifically, two phenanthroline-containing monomers based on acrylate and styrene functionalities, were synthesized. Each monomer was readily copolymerized with either N,N-dimethylacrylamide or styrene via nitroxide-mediated polymerization, resulting in narrowly distributed polar or non-polar copolymers. To demonstrate the versatility of the established polymer systems, the polar polymer was employed for transition metal induced single-chain nanoparticle formation, verified by diffusion-ordered NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, the non-polar polymer allows facile incorporation of lanthanide ions, creating luminescent metallo-polymers, in-depth characterized by advanced photophysical experiments and 2D NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rothfuss
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4-Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nadine C Michenfelder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergej Baraban
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
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Zwoliński KM, Eilmes J. Multichromophore arrays of dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene: a promising platform for bioorganic chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5508-5516. [PMID: 30027201 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first series of discrete multichromophore arrays of dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene (DBTAA), containing flexible bridges, have been synthesized in 40-46% isolated yields. The key asymmetrical intermediates, carrying two distinctly addressable functionalities (ROH vs. ROCH2-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-H and R(CH2)nBr vs. ROCH2-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-H) at the macrocycle periphery, were synthesized in moderate to high (30-78%) isolated yields. Facile synthetic protocols developed for the synthesis of discrete DBTAA arrays offer several advantages such as operational simplicity and easy post-synthetic workup that overcome the need for laborious chromatographic purification. All new compounds were characterized by microanalysis, mass spectrometry, UV-Vis, FTIR-ATR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Structural features were briefly discussed with emphasis on several potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Zwoliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Novoa S, Gilroy JB. (Co)polymers containing boron difluoride 3-cyanoformazanate complexes: emission enhancement via random copolymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and photophysical characterization of (co)polymers containing an asymmetrically substituted BF2complex of a 3-cyanoformazanate ligand are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Novoa
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
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