1
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Cheng C, Shi JX, Kang EH, Nelson TF, Sander M, McNeill K, Hartwig JF. Polymers from Plant Oils Linked by Siloxane Bonds for Programmed Depolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12645-12655. [PMID: 38651821 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The increased production of plastics is leading to the accumulation of plastic waste and depletion of limited fossil fuel resources. In this context, we report a strategy to create polymers that can undergo controlled depolymerization by linking renewable feedstocks with siloxane bonds. α,ω-Diesters and α,ω-diols containing siloxane bonds were synthesized from an alkenoic ester derived from castor oil and then polymerized with varied monomers, including related biobased monomers. In addition, cyclic monomers derived from this alkenoic ester and hydrosiloxanes were prepared and cyclized to form a 26-membered macrolactone containing a siloxane unit. Sequential ring-opening polymerization of this macrolactone and lactide afforded an ABA triblock copolymer. This set of polymers containing siloxanes underwent programmed depolymerization into monomers in protic solvents or with hexamethyldisiloxane and an acid catalyst. Monomers afforded by the depolymerization of polyesters containing siloxane linkages were repolymerized to demonstrate circularity in select polymers. Evaluation of the environmental stability of these polymers toward enzymatic degradation showed that they undergo enzymatic hydrolysis by a fungal cutinase from Fusarium solani. Evaluation of soil microbial metabolism of monomers selectively labeled with 13C revealed differential metabolism of the main chain and side chain organic groups by soil microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jake X Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eun-Hye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Taylor F Nelson
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sander
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Schwab S, Baur M, Nelson TF, Mecking S. Synthesis and Deconstruction of Polyethylene-type Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2327-2351. [PMID: 38408312 PMCID: PMC10941192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene deconstruction to reusable smaller molecules is hindered by the chemical inertness of its hydrocarbon chains. Pyrolysis and related approaches commonly require high temperatures, are energy-intensive, and yield mixtures of multiple classes of compounds. Selective cleavage reactions under mild conditions (
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
T. Schwab
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Baur
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Taylor F. Nelson
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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3
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Liu L, Zhang C, Zhang X, Liu H, Wang F. Efficient and well-controlled ring opening polymerization of biobased ethylene brassylate by α-diimine FeCl 3 catalysts via a coordination-insertion mechanism. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17104-17108. [PMID: 37971360 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02918b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient late-transition metal based catalytic system of α-diimine FeCl3 for well-controlled ring opening polymerization of a cheap and biobased macrolactone, ethylene brassylate (EB), is described herein. Proceeding via a coordination-insertion mechanism, such a catalytic system is capable of demonstrating unprecedented higher activities than previously reported organocatalysts or main-group metal based catalysts. Moreover, benefiting from the bulky nature of the α-diimine ligands, transesterification side reactions can be greatly suppressed, allowing the polymerization to proceed in a well-controlled living manner, as revealed from detailed kinetic studies. Additionally, such a catalytic system was also workable for ring opening copolymerization of EB and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), giving the desired random copolymers with various compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Xuequan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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4
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Kariyawasam LS, Highmoore JF, Yang Y. Chemically Recyclable Dithioacetal Polymers via Reversible Entropy-Driven Ring-Opening Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303039. [PMID: 36988027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In a sustainable circular economy, polymers capable of chemical recycling to monomers are highly desirable. We report an efficient monomer-polymer recycling of polydithioacetal (PDTA). Pristine PDTAs were readily synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and alkyl dithiols. They then exhibited depolymerizability via ring-closing depolymerization into macrocycles, followed by entropy-driven ring-opening polymerization (ED-ROP) to reform the virgin polymers. High conversions were obtained for both the forward and reverse reactions. Once crosslinked, the network exhibited thermal reprocessability enabled by acid-catalyzed dithioacetal exchange. The network retained the recyclability into macrocyclic monomers in solvent which can repolymerize to regenerate the crosslinked network. These results demonstrated PDTA as a new molecular platform for the design of recyclable polymers and the advantages of ED-ROP for which polymerization is favored at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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5
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Gallin CF, Lee WW, Byers JA. A Simple, Selective, and General Catalyst for Ring Closing Depolymerization of Polyesters and Polycarbonates for Chemical Recycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303762. [PMID: 37093979 PMCID: PMC10518907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to efficiently and selectively process mixed polymer waste is important to address the growing plastic waste problem. Herein, we report that the combination of ZnCl2 and an additive amount of poly(ethylene glycol) under vacuum can readily and selectively depolymerize polyesters and polycarbonates with high ceiling temperatures (Tc >200 °C) back to their constitute monomers. Mechanistic experiments implicate a random chain scission mechanism and a catalyst structure containing one equivalent of ZnCl2 per ethylene glycol repeat unit in the poly(ethylene glycol). In addition to being general for a wide variety of polyesters and polycarbonates, the catalyst system could selectively depolymerize a polyester in the presence of other commodity plastics, demonstrating how reactive distillation using the ZnCl2 /PEG600 catalyst system can be used to separate mixed plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor F Gallin
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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6
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Wannipurage D, D'Aniello S, Pappalardo D, Kulathungage LW, Ward CL, Anderson DP, Groysman S, Mazzeo M. Simple magnesium alkoxides: synthesis, molecular structure, and catalytic behaviour in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide and macrolactones and in the copolymerization of maleic anhydride and propylene oxide. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:8077-8091. [PMID: 37232395 PMCID: PMC11066581 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00785e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two chiral bulky alkoxide pro-ligands, 1-adamantyl-tert-butylphenylmethanol HOCAdtBuPh and 1-adamantylmethylphenylmethanol HOCAdMePh, is reported and their coordination chemistry with magnesium(II) is described and compared with the coordination chemistry of the previously reported achiral bulky alkoxide pro-ligand HOCtBu2Ph. Treatment of n-butyl-sec-butylmagnesium with two equivalents of the racemic mixture of HOCAdtBuPh led selectively to the formation of the mononuclear bis(alkoxide) complex Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2. 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography suggested the selective formation of the C2-symmetric homochiral diastereomer Mg(OCRAdtBuPh)2(THF)2/Mg(OCSAdtBuPh)2(THF)2. In contrast, the less sterically encumbered HOCAdMePh led to the formation of dinuclear products indicating only partial alkyl group substitution. The mononuclear Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2 complex was tested as a catalyst in different reactions for the synthesis of polyesters. In the ROP of lactide, Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2 demonstrated very high activity, higher than that shown by Mg(OCtBu2Ph)2(THF)2, although with moderate control degrees. Both Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2 and Mg(OCtBu2Ph)2(THF)2 were found to be very effective in the polymerization of macrolactones such as ω-pentadecalactone (PDL) and ω-6-hexadecenlactone (HDL) also under mild reaction conditions that are generally prohibitive for these substrates. The same catalysts demonstrated efficient ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of propylene oxide (PO) and maleic anhydride (MA) to produce poly(propylene maleate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Sara D'Aniello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Dennis P Anderson
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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7
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Controlled Ring-opening (Co)Polymerization of Renewable Macrolactones by Al-based Catalysts with Different Sidearms. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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8
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Preparation of an Antioxidant Assembly Based on a Copolymacrolactone Structure and Erythritol following an Eco-Friendly Strategy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122471. [PMID: 36552679 PMCID: PMC9774145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presents the achievement of a new assembly with antioxidant behaviour based on a copolymacrolactone structure that encapsulates erythritol (Eryt). Poly(ethylene brassylate-co-squaric acid) (PEBSA) was synthesised in environmentally friendly conditions, respectively, through a process in suspension in water by opening the cycle of ethylene brassylate macrolactone, followed by condensation with squaric acid. The compound synthesised in suspension was characterised by comparison with the polymer obtained by polymerisation in solution. The investigations revealed that, with the exception of the molecular masses, the compounds generated by the two synthetic procedures present similar properties, including good thermal stability, with a Tpeak of 456 °C, and the capacity for network formation. In addition, the investigation by dynamic light scattering techniques evidenced a mean diameter for PEBSA particles of around 596 nm and a zeta potential of -25 mV, which attests to their stability. The bio-based copolymacrolactone was used as a matrix for erythritol encapsulation. The new PEBSA-Eryt compound presented an increased sorption/desorption process, compared with the PEBSA matrix, and a crystalline morphology confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The bioactive compound was also characterised in terms of its biocompatibility and antioxidant behaviour.
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9
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García-Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, García-Álvarez J. Iminophosphoranes (R3P NR′): From terminal to multidentate ligands in organometallic chemistry. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Payne J, Jones MD. The Chemical Recycling of Polyesters for a Circular Plastics Economy: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4041-4070. [PMID: 33826253 PMCID: PMC8518041 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Whilst plastics have played an instrumental role in human development, growing environmental concerns have led to increasing public scrutiny and demands for outright bans. This has stimulated considerable research into renewable alternatives, and more recently, the development of alternative waste management strategies. Herein, the aim was to highlight recent developments in the catalytic chemical recycling of two commercial polyesters, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The concept of chemical recycling is first introduced, and associated opportunities/challenges are discussed within the context of the governing depolymerisation thermodynamics. Chemical recycling methods for PLA and PET are then discussed, with a particular focus on upcycling and the use of metal-based catalysts. Finally, the attention shifts to the emergence of new materials with the potential to modernise the plastics economy. Emerging opportunities and challenges are discussed within the context of industrial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Payne
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Matthew D. Jones
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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11
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Chiriac AP, Rusu AG, Nita LE, Macsim AM, Tudorachi N, Rosca I, Stoica I, Tampu D, Aflori M, Doroftei F. Synthesis of Poly(Ethylene Brassylate-Co-squaric Acid) as Potential Essential Oil Carrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:477. [PMID: 33916007 PMCID: PMC8067060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based compounds are a leading direction in the context of the increased demand for these materials due to the numerous advantages associated with their use over conventional materials, which hardly degrade in the environment. At the same time, the use of essential oils and their components is generated mainly by finding alternative solutions to antibiotics and synthetic preservatives due to their bioactive characteristics, but also to their synergistic capacity during the manifestation of different biological properties. The present study is devoted to poly(ethylene brassylate-co-squaric acid) (PEBSA), synthesis and its use for thymol encapsulation and antibacterial system formation. The synthesized copolymer, performed through ethylene brassylate macrolactone ring-opening and copolymerization with squaric acid, was physicochemical characterized. Its amphiphilic character allowed the entrapment of thymol (Ty), a natural monoterpenoid phenol found in oil of thyme, a compound with strong antiseptic properties. The copolymer chemical structure was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses. Thermal analysis evidenced a good thermal stability for the copolymer. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of PEBSA_Ty complex was investigated against eight different reference strains namely: bacterial strains-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumonie ATCC 10031 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, yeast strains represented by Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Candida glabrata ATCC 2001, and the fungal strain Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC9642.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurica P Chiriac
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Gabriela Rusu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Elena Nita
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Macsim
- Department of Polycondensation and Thermostable Polymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nita Tudorachi
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Rosca
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Stoica
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Tampu
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Magdalena Aflori
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Polymeric Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florica Doroftei
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Polymeric Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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12
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Hu J, Sun C, Li S, Yuan Y, Zhang Y. Heterotellurium-containing macrocycles towards degradable tellurium-functionalized polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We first disclose a facile strategy to synthesize a heterotellurium-containing macrocycle series, and then well-defined degradable poly(telluride-carbonate)s were obtained by ring-opening polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieni Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Chuanhao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Siqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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13
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Wang X, Wang X, Zhen N, Gu J, Zhang H, Dong B, Wang F, Liu H. Sodium complexes bearing cavity-like conformations: a highly active and well-controlled catalytic system for macrolactone homo- and copolymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium complexes displaying cavity-like conformations and, therefore, suppressed transesterification during the ring-opening polymerization of pentadecalactone are disclosed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Nuo Zhen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Jin Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Bo Dong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao
- China
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14
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Mecking S. Polyethylene-like materials from plant oils. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190266. [PMID: 32623990 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is the most important synthetic polymer material produced. Its excellent material properties arise from crystalline interactions in its hydrocarbon chains. This simple concept inspires studies of materials based on alternative non-fossil feedstocks and with additional traits such as a non-persistent nature. Renewable seed oil or microalgae oil lipids can serve as a feedstock for long-chain difunctional monomers. Catalytic conversion of their unsaturated fatty acids by e.g. isomerizing carbonylation or olefin metathesis yields long-chain monomers X-(CH2)n-X with 18-26 carbon atoms and terminal dicarboxy, diol or diamine groups (X), and ultralong-chain PE telechelics with 48 carbon atoms. These can be polymerized to polyesters, polycarbonates and other (ultra)long-chain polycondensates. These in many cases possess PE-like solid-state structure and properties. Unlike PE, they contain in-chain functional groups that can potentially enhance degradability. The crystalline and hydrophobic nature of the polymers decelerates degradation strongly compared to rapidly degrading shorter chain analogues. Our preliminary findings suggest that a non-persistent nature can be achieved for these materials. This review article is based on a lecture held at the Royal Society Discussion Meeting on Science to enable the circular economy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Science to enable the circular economy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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15
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Geminal Dimethyl Substitution Enables Controlled Polymerization of Penicillamine-Derived β-Thiolactones and Reversed Depolymerization. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Naddeo M, D'Auria I, Viscusi G, Gorrasi G, Pellecchia C, Pappalardo D. Tuning the thermal properties of poly(ethylene)‐like poly(esters) by copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone with macrolactones, in the presence of a pyridylamidozinc(II) complex. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Naddeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità del Sannio via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Gianluca Viscusi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria IndustrialeUniversità di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Giuliana Gorrasi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria IndustrialeUniversità di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità del Sannio via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento Italy
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18
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Larrañaga A, Lizundia E. A review on the thermomechanical properties and biodegradation behaviour of polyesters. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lyubov DM, Tolpygin AO, Trifonov AA. Rare-earth metal complexes as catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Wilson JA, Ates Z, Pflughaupt RL, Dove AP, Heise A. Polymers from macrolactones: From pheromones to functional materials. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Amador AG, Watts A, Neitzel AE, Hillmyer MA. Entropically Driven Macrolide Polymerizations for the Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyester Copolymers Using Titanium Isopropoxide. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G. Amador
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Annabelle Watts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Angelika E. Neitzel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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Zhao N, Ren C, Shen Y, Liu S, Li Z. Facile Synthesis of Aliphatic ω-Pentadecalactone Containing Diblock Copolyesters via Sequential ROP with l-Lactide, ε-Caprolactone, and δ-Valerolactone Catalyzed by Cyclic Trimeric Phosphazene Base with Inherent Tribasic Characteristics. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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23
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Durr CB, Williams CK. New Coordination Modes for Modified Schiff Base Ti(IV) Complexes and Their Control over Lactone Ring-Opening Polymerization Activity. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14240-14248. [PMID: 30376308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of eight new bis(alkoxy)bis(phenoxy-imine)titanium(IV) catalysts, coordinated by Schiff base ligands derived from o-vanillin (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), show good activity and control for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and ω-pentadecalactone. The new complexes are easily prepared in two high-yield steps from commercial reagents. The new ligands can all adopt two different coordination modes, depending on the steric bulk on the imine: a six-membered N-O chelate and/or a five-membered O-O chelate. The complexes show three different structures, depending on the ligand coordination mode: type A (N-O:N-O), type B (N-O:O-O), and type C (O-O:O-O). In all cases, the structures were confirmed in solution using variable temperature NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state using X-ray crystallography. The complex structure influences the polymerization rate, with the catalytic activities decreasing in the order: type C > type B > type A for both monomers. Overall, the work demonstrates potential to use these new ligands to access particular coordination modes, which allows enhancement of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Durr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
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Hong M, Chen J, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Polar Monomers Mediated by Main-Group Lewis Acid-Base Pairs. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10551-10616. [PMID: 30350583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new or more sustainable, active, efficient, controlled, and selective polymerization reactions or processes continues to be crucial for the synthesis of important polymers or materials with specific structures or functions. In this context, the newly emerged polymerization technique enabled by main-group Lewis pairs (LPs), termed as Lewis pair polymerization (LPP), exploits the synergy and cooperativity between the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites of LPs, which can be employed as frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), interacting LPs (ILPs), or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs), to effect cooperative monomer activation as well as chain initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer events. Through balancing the Lewis acidity, Lewis basicity, and steric effects of LPs, LPP has shown several unique advantages or intriguing opportunities compared to other polymerization techniques and demonstrated its broad polar monomer scope, high activity, control or livingness, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity, as well as its unique application in materials chemistry. These advances made in LPP are comprehensively reviewed, with the scope of monomers focusing on heteroatom-containing polar monomers, while the polymerizations mediated by main-group LAs and LBs separately that are most relevant to the LPP are also highlighted or updated. Examples of applying the principles of the LPP and LP chemistry as a new platform for advancing materials chemistry are highlighted, and currently unmet challenges in the field of the LPP, and thus the suggested corresponding future research directions, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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Ladelta V, Kim JD, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Block Copolymers of Macrolactones/Small Lactones by a “Catalyst-Switch” Organocatalytic Strategy. Thermal Properties and Phase Behavior. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Walther P, Naumann S. N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Based (Co)polymerization of a Challenging Monomer: Homopolymerization of ω-Pentadecalactone and Its Copolymers with γ-Butyrolactone, δ-Valerolactone, and ε-Caprolactone. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walther
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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