Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids

Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.

Fluorous phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines

Incorporating fluorine atoms into a molecule can endow it with various unique properties that enable materials applications. Selective solubility in fluorous solvents is achieved by a high fluorine content and selective partitioning into perfluorinated liquids over organic and aqueous phases provides orthogonal opportunities for chemistry and materials assembly. Although there is a growing number of partially fluorinated molecules, there are insufficient structural design principles to produce diverse fluorous soluble dyes. Herein, we report the synthesis of six fluorous phthalocyanine and subphthalocyanine dyes, and study their properties in the fluorous phase. Phthalocyanines generally display limited solubility and we also observed apparent aggregation in the fluorous phase. However, the nonplanar subphthalocyanines showed greater solubility. Subphthalocyanines also displayed fluorescence in selected solvents, and their emissive properties were investigated. The materials described expand the library of fluorous dyes and provide insights for the design of new molecules with fluorous solubility.

Subphthalocyanine-based conjugated porous polymers for efficient singlet oxygen generation

Subphthalocyanine-based conjugated porous polymers can efficiently absorb long-wavelength photons to generate singlet oxygen rapidly.

Fabrication of two dual-functionalized covalent organic polymers through heterostructural mixed linkers and their use as cationic dye adsorbents

With the rapid development of industrialization, population growth and long-term droughts, the scarcity of clean water and increasing environmental pollution are becoming critical issues. Porous organic polymer materials have been proposed as good candidates for removing pollutant compounds from water supplies. However, because of their finite synthetic chemical reactions and monotonous building blocks, fabricating covalent organic polymer materials with multiple linkages and various different multi-functional components remains a huge challenge. Herein, two dual-functionalized covalent organic polymers (JLUE-COP-1 and JLUE-COP-2) were prepared through heterostructural mixed linkers via imine and hydrazone linkages based on Schiff base condensation. Possessing the advantages of porosity and π-conjugated phenyl rings, as well as functional –CO–NH– and –SO₃H building units, the resultant dual-functionalized JLUE-COPs exhibited high capabilities for the removal of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB). Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the performance of the JLUE-COPs. The kinetics, equilibrium properties, thermodynamics and mechanisms were studied. It was found that the adsorption processes of the two JLUE-COPs both followed the second-order kinetic model and can be described well by the Langmuir model. Notably, the differences in the surface and pore volumes of the two JLUE-COPs lead to differences in the adsorption rate, adsorption efficiency and maximum adsorption capacity. In addition, activation energy values and some thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG^Θ, ΔH^Θ and ΔS^Θ suggest that the adsorption processes of dyes onto the JLUE-COPs are entropy-driven, endothermic and spontaneous. Our work thus paves the way for developing functionalized COPs as a new type of platform for removing cationic dyes from wastewater.

Two dual-functionalized covalent organic polymers are synthesized from heterostructural mixed linkers by Schiff base condensation. Due partly to their porosity and π-conjugated phenyl rings these remove organic pollutants from waste water effectively.

Heteropore covalent organic frameworks: a new class of porous organic polymers with well-ordered hierarchical porosities

This review highlights the development of heteropore covalent organic frameworks, a new class of porous organic polymers which exhibit well-ordered heterogeneous/hierarchical porosities.