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Fosnacht KG, Pluth MD. Activity-Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide and Related Reactive Sulfur Species. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4124-4257. [PMID: 38512066 PMCID: PMC11141071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is not only a well-established toxic gas but also an important small molecule bioregulator in all kingdoms of life. In contemporary biology, H2S is often classified as a "gasotransmitter," meaning that it is an endogenously produced membrane permeable gas that carries out essential cellular processes. Fluorescent probes for H2S and related reactive sulfur species (RSS) detection provide an important cornerstone for investigating the multifaceted roles of these important small molecules in complex biological systems. A now common approach to develop such tools is to develop "activity-based probes" that couple a specific H2S-mediated chemical reaction to a fluorescent output. This Review covers the different types of such probes and also highlights the chemical mechanisms by which each probe type is activated by specific RSS. Common examples include reduction of oxidized nitrogen motifs, disulfide exchange, electrophilic reactions, metal precipitation, and metal coordination. In addition, we also outline complementary activity-based probes for imaging reductant-labile and sulfane sulfur species, including persulfides and polysulfides. For probes highlighted in this Review, we focus on small molecule systems with demonstrated compatibility in cellular systems or related applications. Building from breadth of reported activity-based strategies and application, we also highlight key unmet challenges and future opportunities for advancing activity-based probes for H2S and related RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin G. Fosnacht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
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2
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Lv W, Xu Y, Yang T, Wang L, Huang J, Huang H, Feng G. Unveiling the underappreciated: The bonding features of C-H⋯S-S interactions observed from rotational spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134302. [PMID: 38557843 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The C-H⋯S-S interactions are fundamentally important to understand the stability of biomacromolecules and their binding with small molecules, but they are still underappreciated. Herein, we characterized the C-H⋯S-S interactions in model molecular complexes. The rotational spectra of the complexes of diethyl disulfide with CH2CH2 and CH2CHF were measured and analyzed. All the detected structures are mainly stabilized by a C-H⋯S-S hydrogen bond, providing stabilization energies of 2.3-7.2 kJ mol-1. Incidental C-H⋯π or C-H⋯F interactions enhance the stabilization of the complexes. London dispersion, which accounts for 54%-68% of the total attractions, is the main driving force of stabilization. The provided bonding features of C-H⋯S-S are crucial for understanding the stabilizing role of this type of interaction in diverse processes such as supramolecular recognition, protein stability, and enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yugao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liuting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jinxi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haiying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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3
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Davis AG, Zakharov LN, Pluth MD. Reversible Hydrosulfide (HS -) Binding Using Exclusively C-H Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Imidazolium Hosts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3057-3062. [PMID: 38286007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
H2S is a physiologically important signaling molecule with complex roles in biology and exists primarily as HS- at physiological pH. Despite this anionic character, few investigations have focused on the molecular recognition and reversible binding of this important biological anion. Using a series of imidazole and imidazolium host molecules, we investigate the role of preorganization and charge on HS- binding. Using a macrocyclic bis-imidazolium receptor, we demonstrate the unexpected 2:1 host-guest binding of HS-, which was characterized both in solution and by X-ray crystallography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of this binding stoichiometry for HS- binding. Moreover, the short C-H···S distances of 2.53, 2.54, 2.76, and 2.79 Å are well within the sum of the van der Waals radii of the interacting atoms, which is consistent with strong C-H···S interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, 1253 University of Oregon. Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, 1253 University of Oregon. Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, 1253 University of Oregon. Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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4
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Kuhl GM, Banning DH, Fargher HA, Davis WA, Howell MM, Zakharov LN, Pluth MD, Johnson DW. Benchmarking the placement of hydrosulfide in the Hofmeister series using a bambus[6]uril-based ChemFET sensor. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10273-10279. [PMID: 37772108 PMCID: PMC10530170 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrosulfide (HS-) is the conjugate base of gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and is a physiologically-relevant small molecule of great interest in the anion sensing community. However, selective sensing and molecular recognition of HS- in water remains difficult because, in addition to the diffuse charge and high solvation energy of anions, HS- is highly nucleophilic and readily oxidizes into other reactive sulfur species. Moreover, the direct placement of HS- in the Hofmeister series remains unclear. Supramolecular host-guest interactions provide a promising platform on which to recognize and bind hydrosulfide, and characterizing the placement of HS- in the Hofmeister series would facilitate the future design of selective receptors for this challenging anion. Few examples of supramolecular HS- binding have been reported, but the Sindelar group reported HS- binding in water using bambus[6]uril macrocycles in 2018. We used this HS- binding platform as a starting point to develop a chemically-sensitive field effect transistor (ChemFET) to facilitate assigning HS- to a specific place in the Hofmeister series. Specifically, we prepared dodeca-n-butyl bambus[6]uril and incorporated it into a ChemFET as the HS- receptor motif. The resultant device provided an amperometric response to HS-, and we used this device to measure the response of other anions, including SO42-, F-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, ClO4-, and I-. Using this response data, we were able to experimentally determine that HS- lies between Cl- and Br- in the Hofmeister series, which matches recent theoretical computational work that predicted a similar placement. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of using molecular recognition coupled with ChemFET architectures to develop new approaches for direct and reversible HS- detection and measurement in water and further advance our understanding of different recognition approaches for this challenging anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Kuhl
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
| | - Douglas H Banning
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
| | - Hazel A Fargher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
| | - Willow A Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
| | - Madeline M Howell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene OR USA https://www.dwjlab.com/
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5
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Hein R, Beer PD. Halogen bonding and chalcogen bonding mediated sensing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7098-7125. [PMID: 35799814 PMCID: PMC9214886 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-hole interactions, in particular halogen bonding (XB) and chalcogen bonding (ChB), have become indispensable tools in supramolecular chemistry, with wide-ranging applications in crystal engineering, catalysis and materials chemistry as well as anion recognition, transport and sensing. The latter has very rapidly developed in recent years and is becoming a mature research area in its own right. This can be attributed to the numerous advantages sigma-hole interactions imbue in sensor design, in particular high degrees of selectivity, sensitivity and the capability for sensing in aqueous media. Herein, we provide the first detailed overview of all developments in the field of XB and ChB mediated sensing, in particular the detection of anions but also neutral (gaseous) Lewis bases. This includes a wide range of optical colorimetric and luminescent sensors as well as an array of electrochemical sensors, most notably redox-active host systems. In addition, we discuss a range of other sensor designs, including capacitive sensors and chemiresistors, and provide a detailed overview and outlook for future fundamental developments in the field. Importantly the sensing concepts and methodologies described herein for the XB and ChB mediated sensing of anions, are generically applicable for the development of supramolecular receptors and sensors in general, including those for cations and neutral molecules employing a wide array of non-covalent interactions. As such we believe this review to be a useful guide to both the supramolecular and general chemistry community with interests in the fields of host-guest recognition and small molecule sensing. Moreover, we also highlight the need for a broader integration of supramolecular chemistry, analytical chemistry, synthetic chemistry and materials science in the development of the next generation of potent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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6
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Fargher HA, Sherbow TJ, Haley MM, Johnson DW, Pluth MD. C-H⋯S hydrogen bonding interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1454-1469. [PMID: 35103265 PMCID: PMC9088610 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The short C-H⋯S contacts found in available structural data for both small molecules and larger biomolecular systems suggest that such contacts are an often overlooked yet important stabilizing interaction. Moreover, many of these short C-H⋯S contacts meet the definition of a hydrogen bonding interaction. Using available structural data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), as well as selected examples from the literature in which important C-H⋯S contacts may have been overlooked, we highlight the generality of C-H⋯S hydrogen bonding as an important stabilizing interaction. To uncover and establish the generality of these interactions, we compare C-H⋯S contacts with other traditional hydrogen bond donors and acceptors as well as investigate how coordination number and metal bonding affect the preferred geometry of interactions in the solid state. This work establishes that the C-H⋯S bond meets the definition of a hydrogen bond and serves as a guide to identify C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds in diverse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel A. Fargher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Tobias J. Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
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7
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Shalima T, Mishra KA, Kaabel S, Ustrnul L, Bartkova S, Tõnsuaadu K, Heinmaa I, Aav R. Cyclohexanohemicucurbit[8]uril Inclusion Complexes With Heterocycles and Selective Extraction of Sulfur Compounds From Water. Front Chem 2021; 9:786746. [PMID: 34926407 PMCID: PMC8678634 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction that utilizes selective macrocyclic receptors can serve as a useful tool for removal of chemical wastes. Hemicucurbiturils are known to form inclusion complexes with suitably sized anions; however, their use in selective binding of non-charged species is still very limited. In this study, we found that cyclohexanohemicucurbit[8]uril encapsulates five- and six-membered sulfur- and oxygen-containing unsubstituted heterocycles, which is investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and thermogravimetry. The macrocycle acts as a promising selective sorption material for the extraction of sulfur heterocycles, such as 1,3-dithiolane and α-lipoic acid, from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Shalima
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kamini A Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Simona Bartkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kaia Tõnsuaadu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, School of Engineering, Institute of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivo Heinmaa
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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8
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Mitchell EJ, Beecroft AJ, Martin J, Thompson S, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. Hydrosulfide (HS - ) Recognition and Sensing in Water by Halogen Bonding Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24048-24053. [PMID: 34494708 PMCID: PMC8596634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) plays a crucial signalling role in a variety of physiological systems, existing as the hydrosulfide anion (HS- ) at physiological pH. Combining the potency of halogen bonding (XB) for anion recognition in water with coumarin fluorophore incorporation in acyclic host structural design, the first XB receptors to bind and, more importantly, sense the hydrosulfide anion in pure water in a reversible chemosensing fashion are demonstrated. The XB receptors exhibit characteristic selective quenching of fluorescence upon binding to HS- . Computational DFT and molecular dynamics simulations in water corroborate the experimental anion binding observations, revealing the mode and nature of HS- recognition by the XB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Mitchell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Adam J. Beecroft
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jonathan Martin
- Radioactive Waste ManagementBuilding 329, Thomson Avenue, Harwell CampusDidcotOX11 0GDUK
| | - Sally Thompson
- Radioactive Waste ManagementBuilding 329, Thomson Avenue, Harwell CampusDidcotOX11 0GDUK
| | - Igor Marques
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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9
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Mitchell EJ, Beecroft AJ, Martin J, Thompson S, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. Hydrosulfide (HS
−
) Recognition and Sensing in Water by Halogen Bonding Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Adam J. Beecroft
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jonathan Martin
- Radioactive Waste Management Building 329, Thomson Avenue, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0GD UK
| | - Sally Thompson
- Radioactive Waste Management Building 329, Thomson Avenue, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0GD UK
| | - Igor Marques
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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10
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Fargher HA, Nickels RA, de Faria TP, Haley MM, Pluth MD, Johnson DW. Deuterium equilibrium isotope effects in a supramolecular receptor for the hydrochalcogenide and halide anions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26581-26585. [PMID: 35479978 PMCID: PMC9037421 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We highlight a convenient synthesis to selectively deuterate an aryl C-H hydrogen bond donor in an arylethynyl bisurea supramolecular anion receptor and use the Perrin method of competitive titrations to study the deuterium equilibrium isotope effects (DEIE) of anion binding for HS-, Cl-, and Br-. This work highlights the utility and also challenges in using this method to determine EIE with highly reactive and/or weakly binding anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel A Fargher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Russell A Nickels
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Thaís P de Faria
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
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11
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Liu Y, Parks FC, Sheetz EG, Chen CH, Flood AH. Polarity-Tolerant Chloride Binding in Foldamer Capsules by Programmed Solvent-Exclusion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3191-3204. [PMID: 33596052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent anion binding in a wide range of solution environments is a key challenge that continues to motivate and demand new strategies in synthetic receptor design. Though strong binding in low-polarity solvents has become routine, our ability to maintain high affinities in high-polarity solvents has not yet reached the standard set by nature. Anions are bound and transported regularly in aqueous environments by proteins that use secondary and tertiary structure to isolate anion binding sites from water. Inspired by this principle of solvent exclusion, we created a sequence-defined foldameric capsule whose global minimum conformation displays a helical folded state and is preorganized for 1:1 anion complexation. The high stability of the folded geometry and its ability to exclude solvent were supported by solid-state and solution phase studies. This capsule then withstood a 4-fold increase in solvent dielectric constant (εr) from dichloromethane (9) to acetonitrile (36) while maintaining a high and solvent-independent affinity of 105 M-1; ΔG ∼ 28 kJ mol-1. This behavior is unusual. More typical of solvent-dependent behavior, Cl- affinities were seen to plummet in control compounds, such as aryl-triazole macrocycles and pentads, with their solvent-exposed binding cavities susceptible to dielectric screening. Finally, dimethyl sulfoxide denatures the foldamer by putative solvent binding, which then lowers the foldamer's Cl- affinity to normal levels. The design of this capsule demonstrates a new prototype for the development of potent receptors that can operate in polar solvents and has the potential to help manage hydrophilic anions present in the hydrosphere and biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Fred C Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Edward G Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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12
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Chen Y, Wu G, Chen L, Tong L, Lei Y, Shen L, Jiao T, Li H. Selective Recognition of Chloride Anion in Water. Org Lett 2020; 22:4878-4882. [PMID: 32496778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A tricationic cage was synthesized via click chemistry. The cage has a preorganized cavity, which is surrounded by six relatively acidic C-H bonds. In organic solvent, the cage can recognize a variety of anions, among which the Cl- anion has the highest binding affinity due to size selectivity. The cage is also able to selectively recognize the Cl- anion in water, even though the binding affinity is just moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Libo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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13
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Fargher HA, Lau N, Richardson HC, Cheong PHY, Haley MM, Pluth MD, Johnson DW. Tuning Supramolecular Selectivity for Hydrosulfide: Linear Free Energy Relationships Reveal Preferential C-H Hydrogen Bond Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8243-8251. [PMID: 32283020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular anion receptors can be used to study the molecular recognition properties of the reactive yet biologically critical hydrochalcogenide anions (HCh-). Achieving selectivity for HCh- over the halides is challenging but necessary for not only developing future supramolecular probes for HCh- binding and detection, but also for understanding the fundamental properties that govern these binding and recognition events. Here we demonstrate that linear free energy relationships (LFERs)-including Hammett and Swain-Lupton plots-reveal a clear difference in sensitivity to the polarity of an aryl C-H hydrogen bond (HB) donor for HS- over other HCh- and halides. Analysis using electrostatic potential maps highlights that this difference in sensitivity results from a preference of the aryl C-H HB donor for HS- in this host scaffold. From this study, we demonstrate that LFERs are a powerful tool to gain interpretative insight into motif design for future anion-selective supramolecular receptors and highlight the importance of C-H HB donors for HS- recognition. From our results, we suggest that aryl C-H HB donors should be investigated in the next generation of HS- selective receptors based on the enhanced HS- selectivity over other competing anions in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel A Fargher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Nathanael Lau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - H Camille Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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Pluth MD, Tonzetich ZJ. Hydrosulfide complexes of the transition elements: diverse roles in bioinorganic, cluster, coordination, and organometallic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4070-4134. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecules containing transition metal hydrosulfide linkages are diverse, spanning a variety of elements, coordination environments, and redox states, and carrying out multiple roles across several fields of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Materials Science Institute
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- University of Oregon
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15
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Vázquez J, Šindelář V. Phase-transfer extraction for the fast quantification of perchlorate anions in water. RSC Adv 2019; 9:35452-35455. [PMID: 35528105 PMCID: PMC9074507 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular approaches for the quantitative anion analysis in water remain scarce due to the lack of receptors that effectively bind anions in this medium. Herein, we present a novel, fast and easy, supramolecular approach for a selective and quantitative analysis of perchlorate anions in water, coupling the UV-Vis spectroscopic method and phase-transfer extraction of anions by a water-insoluble anion receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - V Šindelář
- Department of Chemistry, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Eytel LM, Fargher HA, Haley MM, Johnson DW. The road to aryl CHanion binding was paved with good intentions: fundamental studies, host design, and historical perspectives in CH hydrogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5195-5206. [PMID: 30944916 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01460h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the design and development of supramolecular receptors for anion binding, many different non-covalent anion-binding motifs have been employed. One motif seen in many host-guest systems is the sometimes weaker, 'non-traditional' aryl CH hydrogen bond. From June Sutor's discovery of the interaction and its subsequent dismissal by the field in the 1960s to today's use of the aryl CH hydrogen bond in synthetic anion receptors, the path our lab took to begin studying this interaction has been influenced by many other researchers in the field. This feature article highlights the history and properties of the CH hydrogen bond, with a particular focus on aryl CH hydrogen bonds in anion recognition. We highlight select recent developments in the field of anion receptors utilizing aryl CH hydrogen bonds, with an emphasis on how this has influenced the evolution of our approach in designing fundamental studies on CH hydrogen bonding and exploiting this interaction in efforts aimed toward preferential anion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Eytel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Hazel A Fargher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
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17
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Fargher HA, Lau N, Zakharov LN, Haley MM, Johnson DW, Pluth MD. Expanding reversible chalcogenide binding: supramolecular receptors for the hydroselenide (HSe -) anion. Chem Sci 2018; 10:67-72. [PMID: 30746074 PMCID: PMC6335636 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03968b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic supramolecular receptors have been widely used to study reversible solution binding of anions; however, few systems target highly-reactive species. In particular, the hydrochalcogenide anions hydrosulfide (HS-) and hydroselenide (HSe-) have been largely overlooked despite their critical roles in biological systems. Herein we present the first example of reversible HSe- binding in two distinct synthetic supramolecular receptors, using hydrogen bonds from N-H and aromatic C-H moieties. The arylethynyl bisurea scaffold 1 t Bu achieved a binding affinity of 460 ± 50 M-1 for HSe- in 10% DMSO-d 6/CD3CN, whereas the tripodal-based receptor 2CF3 achieved a binding affinity of 290 ± 50 M-1 in CD3CN. Association constants were also measured for HS-, Cl-, and Br-, and both receptors favored binding of smaller, more basic anions. These studies contribute to a better understanding of chalcogenide hydrogen bonding and provide insights into further development of probes for the reversible binding, and potential quantification, of HSe- and HS-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel A Fargher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Materials Science Institute , Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR 97403-1253 , USA . ; ;
| | - Nathanael Lau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Materials Science Institute , Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR 97403-1253 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Materials Science Institute , Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR 97403-1253 , USA . ; ;
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Materials Science Institute , Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR 97403-1253 , USA . ; ;
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Materials Science Institute , Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR 97403-1253 , USA . ; ;
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Materials Science Institute , Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR 97403-1253 , USA . ; ;
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