1
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Lapoot L, Jabeen S, Durantini AM, Greer A. Role of curvature in acridone for 1 O 2 oxidation of a natural product homoallylic alcohol: A novel iso-hydroperoxide intermediate. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:455-464. [PMID: 37602967 DOI: 10.1111/php.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
A density functional theoretical (DFT) study is presented, implicating a 1 O2 oxidation process to reach a dihydrobenzofuran from the reaction of the natural homoallylic alcohol, glycocitrine. Our results predict an interconversion between glycocitrine and an iso-hydroperoxide intermediate [R(H)O+ -O- ] that provides a key path in the chemistry which then follows. Formations of allylic hydroperoxides are unlikely from a 1 O2 'ene' reaction. Instead, the dihydrobenzofuran arises by 1 O2 oxidation facilitated by a 16° curvature of the glycocitrine ring imposed by a pyramidal N-methyl group. This curvature facilitates the formation of the iso-hydroperoxide, which is analogous to the iso species CH2 I+ -I- and CHI2 + -I- formed by UV photolysis of CH2 I2 and CHI3 . The iso-hydroperoxide is also structurally reminiscent of carbonyl oxides (R2 C=O+ -O- ) formed in the reaction of carbenes and oxygen. Our DFT results point to intermolecular process, in which the iso-hydroperoxide's fate relates to O-transfer and H2 O dehydration reactions for new insight into the biosynthesis of dihydrobenzofuran natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Lapoot
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shakeela Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Maness P, McCulla RD. Insights into the Mechanism of O( 3P)-Mediated Oxidation of Alkenes through Kinetic Isotope Effects and Computational Modeling. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1458-1464. [PMID: 38262620 PMCID: PMC10846523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Photodeoxygenation of aryl sulfoxides, such as dibenzothiophene S-oxide (DBTO), produces atomic oxygen [O(3P)] in solution. The mechanism of alkene oxidation with O(3P) remains uncertain. To address this, the current study utilized kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and computational approaches to study the reaction of O(3P) with styrene and its isotopologues. Notably, the 2° CH/D KIE at the internal and terminal carbons of the reactive π-bond was ∼1.00 and ∼0.87, respectively. These findings indicate a terminal addition of O(3P) to the π-bond, supporting a stepwise oxidation pathway. Both epoxide and aldehyde products go through the same rate-determining transition state and then diverge based on the intermediate conformation. The O-C-C-C dihedral angle (φ) on the triplet surface dictates the product distribution, where φ = 50° or 310° leads to epoxide formation and φ = 180° leads to aldehyde formation. Computational modeling suggests that the epoxide is formed through rapid ring closure upon intersystem crossing from the triplet to the singlet ground state. Similarly, the aldehyde is generated via a 1,2-H shift immediately following intersystem crossing. This study integrates experimental and computational methods to understand the O(3P)-mediated oxidation of alkenes, providing supporting evidence for a stepwise addition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
F. Maness
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 2501 Laclede Avenue, St.
Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Ryan D. McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 2501 Laclede Avenue, St.
Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
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3
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Ahmadi M, Nasri Z, von Woedtke T, Wende K. d-Glucose Oxidation by Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Induced Reactive Species. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31983-31998. [PMID: 36119990 PMCID: PMC9475618 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The glucose oxidation cascade is fascinating; although oxidation products have high economic value, they can manipulate the biological activity through posttranslational modification such as glycosylation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The concept of this work is based on the ability of reactive species induced by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in aqueous liquids and the corresponding gas-liquid interface to oxidize biomolecules under ambient conditions. Here, we report the oxidation of glucose by an argon-based dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet (kINPen) with a special emphasis on examining the reaction pathway to pinpoint the most prominent reactive species engaged in the observed oxidative transformation. Employing d-glucose and d-glucose-13C6 solutions and high-resolution mass spectrometry and ESI-tandem MS/MS spectrometry techniques, the occurrence of glucose oxidation products, for example, aldonic acids and aldaric acids, glucono- and glucaro-lactones, as well as less abundant sugar acids including ribonic acid, arabinuronic acid, oxoadipic acid, 3-deoxy-ribose, glutaconic acid, and glucic acid were surveyed. The findings provide deep insights into CAP chemistry, reflecting a switch of reactive species generation with the feed gas modulation (Ar or Ar/O2 with N2 curtain gas). Depending on the gas phase composition, a combination of oxygen-derived short-lived hydroxyl (•OH)/atomic oxygen [O(3P)] radicals was found responsible for the glucose oxidation cascade. The results further illustrate that the presence of carbohydrates in cell culture media, gel formulations (agar), or other liquid targets (juices) modulate the availability of CAP-generated species in vitro. In addition, a glycocalyx is attached to many mammalian proteins, which is essential for the respective physiologic role. It might be questioned if its oxidation plays a role in CAP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Leibniz
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center
for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Zahra Nasri
- Leibniz
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center
for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center
for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, Greifswald 17489, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, Greifswald 17489, Germany
- University
Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 49A, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center
for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, Greifswald 17489, Germany
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4
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Basistyi VS, Frederich JH. Pyridazine N-Oxides as Photoactivatable Surrogates for Reactive Oxygen Species. Org Lett 2022; 24:1907-1912. [PMID: 35262355 PMCID: PMC10559729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for the photoinduced evolution of atomic oxygen from pyridazine N-oxides was developed. This underexplored oxygen allotrope mediates arene C-H oxidation within complex, polyfunctional molecules. A water-soluble pyridazine N-oxide was also developed and shown to promote photoinduced DNA cleavage in aqueous solution. Taken together, these studies highlight the utility of pyridazine N-oxides as photoactivatable O(3P) precursors for applications in organic synthesis and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii S Basistyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - James H Frederich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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5
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Wagner JP. The activated reaction of dichlorocarbene with triplet molecular oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25834-25841. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03889g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of dichlorocarbene and molecular oxygen in their respective ground states is hindered by a considerable barrier rendering a diffusion controlled formation of the resulting Criegee intermediate unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Philipp Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Rashid M, Baker DD, Greer A. Two-step Two-intermediate Photorelease Bolm-McCulla Reaction: Dual Release of Nitrene and Atomic Oxygen Reactive Intermediates. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1453-1455. [PMID: 34242417 DOI: 10.1111/php.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article is a highlight of the paper by Isor et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology. It describes the photolysis of a dibenzothiophene sulfoximine (bearing N-phenyl imino and S-oxide groups) to produce two reactive intermediates in tandem. The sulfoximine undergoes a S-N and S-O photocleavage to release phenyl nitrene and atomic oxygen [O(3 P)]. The phenyl nitrene dimerizes to azobenzene or is trapped by diethylamine to reach an azepine. From there, atomic oxygen arises in a secondary photolysis of dibenzothiophene sulfoxide. A computational analysis also reveals that the S-N bond is labile for initial nitrene release, with the secondary release of atomic oxygen by S-O cleavage. Whether future sulfoximine scaffolds can produce the reverse order release of O(3 P) then nitrene, or release both simultaneously, is yet to be established. Nonetheless, molecules with dual-intermediate release, such as coupled photoaffinity labeling and cellular oxidation, are worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Devora D Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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7
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Isor A, Hommelsheim R, Cone GW, Frings M, Petroff JT, Bolm C, McCulla RD. Photochemistry of N-Phenyl Dibenzothiophene Sulfoximine †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1322-1334. [PMID: 34022069 DOI: 10.1111/php.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoximines are popular scaffolds in drug discovery due to their hydrogen bonding properties and chemical stability. In recent years, the role of reactive intermediates such as nitrenes has been studied in the synthesis and degradation of sulfoximines. In this work, the photochemistry of N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine [5-(phenylimino)-5H-5λ4 -dibenzo[b,d]thiophene S-oxide] was analyzed. The structure resembles a combination of N-phenyl iminodibenzothiophene and dibenzothiophene S-oxide, which generate nitrene and O(3 P) upon UV-A irradiation, respectively. The photochemistry of N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine was explored by monitoring the formation of azobenzene, a photoproduct of triplet nitrene, using direct irradiation and sensitized experiments. The reactivity profile was further studied through direct irradiation experiments in the presence of diethylamine (DEA) as a nucleophile. The studies demonstrated that N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine underwent S-N photocleavage to release singlet phenyl nitrene which formed a mixture of azepines in the presence of DEA and generated moderate amounts of azobenzene in the absence of DEA to indicate formation of triplet phenyl nitrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Isor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Renè Hommelsheim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Grant W Cone
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marcus Frings
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - John T Petroff
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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8
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Isor A, Chartier BV, Abo M, Currens ER, Weerapana E, McCulla RD. Identifying cysteine residues susceptible to oxidation by photoactivatable atomic oxygen precursors using a proteome-wide analysis. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:577-591. [PMID: 34458801 PMCID: PMC8341131 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity profile of atomic oxygen [O(3P)] in the condensed phase has shown a preference for the thiol group of cysteines. In this work, water-soluble O(3P)-precursors were synthesized by adding aromatic burdens and water-soluble sulphonic acid groups to the core structure of dibenzothiophene-S-oxide (DBTO) to study O(3P) reactivity in cell lysates and live cells. The photodeoxygenation of these compounds was investigated using common intermediates, which revealed that an increase in aromatic burdens to the DBTO core structure decreases the total oxidation yield due to competitive photodeoxygenation mechanisms. These derivatives were then tested in cell lysates and live cells to profile changes in cysteine reactivity using the isoTOP-ABPP chemoproteomics platform. The results from this analysis indicated that O(3P) significantly affects cysteine reactivity in the cell. Additionally, O(3P) was found to oxidize cysteines within peptide sequences with leucine and serine conserved at the sites surrounding the oxidized cysteine. O(3P) was also found to least likely oxidize cysteines among membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Isor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University 3501 Laclede Ave Saint Louis MO 63103 USA
| | | | - Masahiro Abo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Emily R Currens
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University 3501 Laclede Ave Saint Louis MO 63103 USA
| | | | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University 3501 Laclede Ave Saint Louis MO 63103 USA
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9
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Ravandeh M, Kahlert H, Jablonowski H, Lackmann JW, Striesow J, Agmo Hernández V, Wende K. A combination of electrochemistry and mass spectrometry to monitor the interaction of reactive species with supported lipid bilayers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18683. [PMID: 33122650 PMCID: PMC7596530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), e.g. generated by cold physical plasma (CPP) or photodynamic therapy, interfere with redox signaling pathways of mammalian cells, inducing downstream consequences spanning from migratory impairment to apoptotic cell death. However, the more austere impact of RONS on cancer cells remains yet to be clarified. In the present study, a combination of electrochemistry and high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed to investigate the resilience of solid-supported lipid bilayers towards plasma-derived reactive species in dependence of their composition. A 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayer was undisturbed by 200 µM H2O2 (control) but showed full permeability after CPP treatment and space-occupying oxidation products such as PoxnoPC, PAzePC, and POPC hydroperoxide were found. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion/hydroperoxyl radicals during the treatment. In contrast, small amounts of the intramembrane antioxidant coenzyme Q10 protected the bilayer to 50% and LysoPC was the only POPC derivative found, confirming the membrane protective effect of Q10. Such, the lipid membrane composition including the presence of antioxidants determines the impact of pro-oxidant signals. Given the differences in membrane composition of cancer and healthy cells, this supports the application of cold physical plasma for cancer treatment. In addition, the developed model using the combination of electrochemistry and mass spectrometry could be a promising method to study the effect of reactive species or mixes thereof generated by chemical or physical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ravandeh
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Kahlert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Jablonowski
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J-W Lackmann
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Striesow
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - V Agmo Hernández
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Wende
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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10
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Chintala SM, Throgmorton JC, Maness PF, McCulla RD. Visible light‐induced photodeoxygenation of polycyclic selenophene
Se
‐oxides. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter F. Maness
- Department of Chemistry Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ryan D. McCulla
- Department of Chemistry Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
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11
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Petroff JT, Isor A, Chintala SM, Albert CJ, Franke JD, Weinstein D, Omlid SM, Arnatt CK, Ford DA, McCulla RD. In vitro oxidations of low-density lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 cells with lipophilic O( 3P)-precursors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26553-26565. [PMID: 35519784 PMCID: PMC9055398 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01517b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A beneficial property of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the capability of oxidant generation within a specific location or organelle inside a cell. Dibenzothiophene S-oxide (DBTO), which is known to undergo a photodeoxygenation reaction to generate ground state atomic oxygen [O(3P)] upon irradiation, was functionalized to afford localization within the plasma membrane of cells. The photochemistry, as it relates to oxidant generation, was studied and demonstrated that the functionalized DBTO derivatives generated O(3P). Irradiation of these lipophilic O(3P)-precursors in the presence of LDL and within RAW 264.7 cells afforded several oxidized lipid products (oxLP) in the form of aldehydes. The generation of a 2-hexadecenal (2-HDEA) was markedly increased in irradiations where O(3P) was putatively produced. The substantial generation of 2-HDEA is not known to accompany the production of other ROS. These cellular irradiation experiments demonstrate the potential of inducing oxidation with O(3P) in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Petroff
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ankita Isor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - Carolyn J Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Jacob D Franke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - David Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Sara M Omlid
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
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12
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Wende K, Bruno G, Lalk M, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Bekeschus S, Lackmann JW. On a heavy path – determining cold plasma-derived short-lived species chemistry using isotopic labelling. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11598-11607. [PMID: 35496584 PMCID: PMC9051657 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) are promising medical tools and are currently applied in dermatology and epithelial cancers. While understanding of the biomedical effects is already substantial, knowledge on the contribution of individual ROS and RNS and the mode of activation of biochemical pathways is insufficient. Especially the formation and transport of short-lived reactive species in liquids remain elusive, a situation shared with other approaches involving redox processes such as photodynamic therapy. Here, the contribution of plasma-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plasma liquid chemistry was determined by labeling these via admixing heavy oxygen 18O2 to the feed gas or by using heavy water H218O as a solvent for the bait molecule. The inclusion of heavy or light oxygen atoms by the labeled ROS into the different cysteine products was determined by mass spectrometry. While products like cysteine sulfonic acid incorporated nearly exclusively gas phase-derived oxygen species (atomic oxygen and/or singlet oxygen), a significant contribution of liquid phase-derived species (OH radicals) was observed for cysteine-S-sulfonate. The role, origin, and reaction mechanisms of short-lived species, namely hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and atomic oxygen, are discussed. Interactions of these species both with the target cysteine molecule as well as the interphase and the liquid bulk are taken into consideration to shed light onto several reaction pathways resulting in observed isotopic oxygen incorporation. These studies give valuable insight into underlying plasma–liquid interaction processes and are a first step to understand these interaction processes between the gas and liquid phase on a molecular level. Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) are promising medical tools producing short-lived reactive species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Wende
- ZIK Plasmatis
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)
- Greifswald 17489
- Germany
| | - Giuliana Bruno
- ZIK Plasmatis
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)
- Greifswald 17489
- Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Cellular Biochemistry & Metabolomics
- University of Greifswald
- Greifswald 17487
- Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)
- Greifswald 17489
- Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)
- Greifswald 17489
- Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine
- Greifswald University Medical Center
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)
- Greifswald 17489
- Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- ZIK Plasmatis
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)
- Greifswald 17489
- Germany
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13
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Chintala SM, Petroff II JT, Barnes A, McCulla RD. Photodeoxygenation of phenanthro[4,5-bcd]thiophene S-oxide, triphenyleno[1,12-bcd]thiophene S-oxide and perylo[1,12-bcd]thiophene S-oxide. J Sulphur Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2019.1615065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan D. McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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