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González JA, Arribas A, Tian P, Díaz-Alonso S, Mascareñas JL, López F, Nevado C. Gold(III) Auracycles Featuring C(sp 3)-Au-C(sp 2) Bonds: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insights into the Cycloauration Step. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402798. [PMID: 38776235 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The direct auration of arenes is a key step in numerous gold-catalyzed reactions. Although reported more than 100 years ago, understanding of its underlying mechanism has been hampered by the difficulties in the isolation of relevant intermediates given the propensity of gold(III) species to undergo reductive elimination. Here, we report the synthesis and isolation of a new family of intriguing zwitterionic [C(sp3)^C(sp2)]-auracyclopentanes, as well as of their alkyl-gold(III) precursors and demonstrate their value as mechanistic probes to study the C(sp2)-Au bond-forming event. Experimental investigations employing Kinetic Isotope Effects (KIE), Hammett plot, and Eyring analysis provided important insights into the formation of the auracycle. The data suggest a SEAr mechanism wherein the slowest step might be the π-coordination between the arene and the gold(III) center, en route to the Wheland intermediate. We also show that these auracyclopentanes can work as catalysts in several gold-promoted transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A González
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Arribas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Puyang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Díaz-Alonso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36680, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sokolova EA, Festa AA, Subramani K, Rybakov VB, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG, Van der Eycken EV. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Fluorescent Pyrido[2,3- b]indolizines from Alkylpyridinium Salts and Enaminones. Molecules 2020; 25:E4059. [PMID: 32899473 PMCID: PMC7570714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridinium ylides are well recognized as dipoles for cycloaddition reactions. In its turn, the microwave-assisted interaction of N-(cyanomethyl)-2-alkylpyridinium salts with enaminones unexpectedly proceeds as a domino sequence of cycloisomerization and cyclocondensation reactions, instead of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The reaction takes place in the presence of sodium acetate as base and employs benign solvents. The optical properties of the resulting pyrido[2,3-b]indolizines were studied, showing green light emission with high fluorescence quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Sokolova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.A.F.); (K.S.); (A.V.V.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Alexey A. Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.A.F.); (K.S.); (A.V.V.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Karthikeyan Subramani
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.A.F.); (K.S.); (A.V.V.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Victor B. Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey V. Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.A.F.); (K.S.); (A.V.V.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.A.F.); (K.S.); (A.V.V.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.A.F.); (K.S.); (A.V.V.); (L.G.V.)
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Paluru DK, Mahesh S, Ahmad F, Vijaya Anand R. A Cascade Synthesis of Hetero‐arylated Triarylmethanes Through a Double 5‐
endo
‐dig Cyclization Sequence. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4688-4695. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Paluru
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
| | - Sriram Mahesh
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
| | - Feroz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
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Sokolova EA, Festa AA, Golantsov NE, Lukonina NS, Ioffe IN, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG. Highly Fluorescent Pyrido[2,3-b
]indolizine-10-Carbonitriles through Pseudo Three-Component Reactions of N
-(Cyanomethyl)pyridinium Salts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Sokolova
- Organic Chemistry Department; Science Faculty; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey A. Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department; Science Faculty; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6 Moscow Russia
| | - Nikita E. Golantsov
- Organic Chemistry Department; Science Faculty; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6 Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia S. Lukonina
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ilya N. Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey V. Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department; Science Faculty; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6 Moscow Russia
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department; Science Faculty; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6 Moscow Russia
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