1
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Steiner M, Reiher M. A human-machine interface for automatic exploration of chemical reaction networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3680. [PMID: 38693117 PMCID: PMC11063077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Autonomous reaction network exploration algorithms offer a systematic approach to explore mechanisms of complex chemical processes. However, the resulting reaction networks are so vast that an exploration of all potentially accessible intermediates is computationally too demanding. This renders brute-force explorations unfeasible, while explorations with completely pre-defined intermediates or hard-wired chemical constraints, such as element-specific coordination numbers, are not flexible enough for complex chemical systems. Here, we introduce a STEERING WHEEL to guide an otherwise unbiased automated exploration. The STEERING WHEEL algorithm is intuitive, generally applicable, and enables one to focus on specific regions of an emerging network. It also allows for guiding automated data generation in the context of mechanism exploration, catalyst design, and other chemical optimization challenges. The algorithm is demonstrated for reaction mechanism elucidation of transition metal catalysts. We highlight how to explore catalytic cycles in a systematic and reproducible way. The exploration objectives are fully adjustable, allowing one to harness the STEERING WHEEL for both structure-specific (accurate) calculations as well as for broad high-throughput screening of possible reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Steiner
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, NCCR Catalysis, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
- ETH Zurich, NCCR Catalysis, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Fischer I, Hemberger P. Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy of Biradicals. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300334. [PMID: 37325876 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of biradicals is characterized by the presence of two unpaired electrons in degenerate or near-degenerate molecular orbitals. In particular, some of the most relevant species are highly reactive, difficult to generate cleanly and can only be studied in the gas phase or in matrices. Unveiling their electronic structure is, however, of paramount interest to understand their chemistry. Photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy is an excellent approach to explore the electronic states of biradicals, because it enables a direct correlation between the detected ions and electrons. This permits to extract unique vibrationally resolved photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra (ms-TPES) to obtain insight in the electronic structure of both the neutral and the cation. In this review we highlight most recent advances on the spectroscopy of biradicals and biradicaloids, utilizing PEPICO spectroscopy and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fischer
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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3
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Dana AG, Johnson MS, Allen JW, Sharma S, Raman S, Liu M, Gao CW, Grambow CA, Goldman MJ, Ranasinghe DS, Gillis RJ, Payne AM, Li Y, Dong X, Spiekermann KA, Wu H, Dames EE, Buras ZJ, Vandewiele NM, Yee NW, Merchant SS, Buesser B, Class CA, Goldsmith F, West RH, Green WH. Automated reaction kinetics and network exploration (Arkane): A statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, transition state theory, and master equation software. INT J CHEM KINET 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering and Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP) Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Joshua W. Allen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Sumathy Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Connie W. Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Colin A. Grambow
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Mark J. Goldman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Duminda S. Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Ryan J. Gillis
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - A. Mark Payne
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Yi‐Pei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Kevin A. Spiekermann
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Haoyang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Enoch E. Dames
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Zachary J. Buras
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Nick M. Vandewiele
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Nathan W. Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Shamel S. Merchant
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Beat Buesser
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Caleb A. Class
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Richard H. West
- Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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4
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Selby TM, Goulay F, Soorkia S, Ray A, Jasper AW, Klippenstein SJ, Morozov AN, Mebel AM, Savee JD, Taatjes CA, Osborn DL. Radical-Radical Reactions in Molecular Weight Growth: The Phenyl + Propargyl Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2577-2590. [PMID: 36905386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for hydrocarbon ring growth in sooting environments is still the subject of considerable debate. The reaction of phenyl radical (C6H5) with propargyl radical (H2CCCH) provides an important prototype for radical-radical ring-growth pathways. We studied this reaction experimentally over the temperature range of 300-1000 K and pressure range of 4-10 Torr using time-resolved multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry. We detect both the C9H8 and C9H7 + H product channels and report experimental isomer-resolved product branching fractions for the C9H8 product. We compare these experiments to theoretical kinetics predictions from a recently published study augmented by new calculations. These ab initio transition state theory-based master equation calculations employ high-quality potential energy surfaces, conventional transition state theory for the tight transition states, and direct CASPT2-based variable reaction coordinate transition state theory (VRC-TST) for the barrierless channels. At 300 K only the direct adducts from radical-radical addition are observed, with good agreement between experimental and theoretical branching fractions, supporting the VRC-TST calculations of the barrierless entrance channel. As the temperature is increased to 1000 K we observe two additional isomers, including indene, a two-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and a small amount of bimolecular products C9H7 + H. Our calculated branching fractions for the phenyl + propargyl reaction predict significantly less indene than observed experimentally. We present further calculations and experimental evidence that the most likely cause of this discrepancy is the contribution of H atom reactions, both H + indenyl (C9H7) recombination to indene and H-assisted isomerization that converts less stable C9H8 isomers into indene. Especially at low pressures typical of laboratory investigations, H-atom-assisted isomerization needs to be considered. Regardless, the experimental observation of indene demonstrates that the title reaction leads, either directly or indirectly, to the formation of the second ring in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha M Selby
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, West Bend, Wisconsin 53095, United States
| | - Fabien Goulay
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Satchin Soorkia
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Amelia Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53144, United States
| | - Ahren W Jasper
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stephen J Klippenstein
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alexander N Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - John D Savee
- KLA Corporation, Milpitas, California 95035, United States
| | - Craig A Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Johnson MS, Dong X, Grinberg Dana A, Chung Y, Farina D, Gillis RJ, Liu M, Yee NW, Blondal K, Mazeau E, Grambow CA, Payne AM, Spiekermann KA, Pang HW, Goldsmith CF, West RH, Green WH. RMG Database for Chemical Property Prediction. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4906-4915. [PMID: 36222558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) database for chemical property prediction is presented. The RMG database consists of curated datasets and estimators for accurately predicting the parameters necessary for constructing a wide variety of chemical kinetic mechanisms. These datasets and estimators are mostly published and enable prediction of thermodynamics, kinetics, solvation effects, and transport properties. For thermochemistry prediction, the RMG database contains 45 libraries of thermochemical parameters with a combination of 4564 entries and a group additivity scheme with 9 types of corrections including radical, polycyclic, and surface absorption corrections with 1580 total curated groups and parameters for a graph convolutional neural network trained using transfer learning from a set of >130 000 DFT calculations to 10 000 high-quality values. Correction schemes for solvent-solute effects, important for thermochemistry in the liquid phase, are available. They include tabulated values for 195 pure solvents and 152 common solutes and a group additivity scheme for predicting the properties of arbitrary solutes. For kinetics estimation, the database contains 92 libraries of kinetic parameters containing a combined 21 000 reactions and contains rate rule schemes for 87 reaction classes trained on 8655 curated training reactions. Additional libraries and estimators are available for transport properties. All of this information is easily accessible through the graphical user interface at https://rmg.mit.edu. Bulk or on-the-fly use can be facilitated by interfacing directly with the RMG Python package which can be installed from Anaconda. The RMG database provides kineticists with easy access to estimates of the many parameters they need to model and analyze kinetic systems. This helps to speed up and facilitate kinetic analysis by enabling easy hypothesis testing on pathways, by providing parameters for model construction, and by providing checks on kinetic parameters from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Xiaorui Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States.,The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
| | - Yunsie Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - David Farina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ryan J Gillis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Nathan W Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Katrin Blondal
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
| | - Emily Mazeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Colin A Grambow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - A Mark Payne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Kevin A Spiekermann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Hao-Wei Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - C Franklin Goldsmith
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
| | - Richard H West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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6
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Wu H, Grinberg Dana A, Ranasinghe DS, Pickard FC, Wood GPF, Zelesky T, Sluggett GW, Mustakis J, Green WH. Kinetic Modeling of API Oxidation: (2) Imipramine Stress Testing. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1526-1539. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Duminda S. Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frank C. Pickard
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Geoffrey P. F. Wood
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Todd Zelesky
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory W. Sluggett
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason Mustakis
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Bae J, Hashemi J, Yun D, Kim DK, Choo DH, Goldsmith CF, Peterson AA. Non-oxidative methane conversion by Fe single site catalysts: quantifying temperature limitations imposed by gas-phase pyrolysis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00907b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined heterogeneous and homogeneous model of methane conversion reveals the temperature limitations of methane to olefins, aromatics, and hydrogen (MTOAH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyoon Bae
- Chemical Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Javad Hashemi
- Chemical Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Dongmin Yun
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, SK innovation, 325 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Kim
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, SK innovation, 325 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Choo
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, SK innovation, 325 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Franklin Goldsmith
- Chemical Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Andrew A. Peterson
- Chemical Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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8
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Grinberg Dana A, Wu H, Ranasinghe DS, Pickard FC, Wood GPF, Zelesky T, Sluggett GW, Mustakis J, Green WH. Kinetic Modeling of API Oxidation: (1) The AIBN/H 2O/CH 3OH Radical "Soup". Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3037-3049. [PMID: 34236207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress testing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is an important tool used to gauge chemical stability and identify potential degradation products. While different flavors of API stress testing systems have been used in experimental investigations for decades, the detailed kinetics of such systems as well as the chemical composition of prominent reactive species, specifically reactive oxygen species, are unknown. As a first step toward understanding and modeling API oxidation in stress testing, we investigated a typical radical "soup" solution an API is subject to during stress testing. Here we applied ab initio electronic structure calculations to automatically generate and refine a detailed chemical kinetics model, taking a fresh look at API oxidation. We generated a detailed kinetic model for a representative azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN)/H2O/CH3OH stress-testing system with a varied cosolvent ratio (50%/50%-99.5%/0.5% vol water/methanol) for 5.0 mM AIBN and representative pH values of 4-10 at 40 °C that was stirred and open to the atmosphere. At acidic conditions, hydroxymethyl alkoxyl is the dominant alkoxyl radical, and at basic conditions, for most studied initial methanol concentrations, cyanoisopropyl alkoxyl becomes the dominant alkoxyl radical, albeit at an overall lower concentration. At acidic conditions, the levels of cyanoisopropyl peroxyl, hydroxymethyl peroxyl, and hydroperoxyl radicals are relatively high and comparable, while, at both neutral and basic pH conditions, superoxide becomes the prominent radical in the system. The present work reveals the prominent species in a common model API stress testing system at various cosolvent and pH conditions, sets the stage for an in-depth quantitative API kinetic study, and demonstrates the usage of novel software tools for automated chemical kinetic model generation and ab initio refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Haoyang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Duminda S Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frank C Pickard
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Geoffrey P F Wood
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Todd Zelesky
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory W Sluggett
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason Mustakis
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Mazeau EJ, Satpute P, Blöndal K, Goldsmith CF, West RH. Automated Mechanism Generation Using Linear Scaling Relationships and Sensitivity Analyses Applied to Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Mazeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Priyanka Satpute
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Katrín Blöndal
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - C. Franklin Goldsmith
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Richard H. West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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10
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Liu M, Grinberg Dana A, Johnson MS, Goldman MJ, Jocher A, Payne AM, Grambow CA, Han K, Yee NW, Mazeau EJ, Blondal K, West RH, Goldsmith CF, Green WH. Reaction Mechanism Generator v3.0: Advances in Automatic Mechanism Generation. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2686-2696. [PMID: 34048230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In chemical kinetics research, kinetic models containing hundreds of species and tens of thousands of elementary reactions are commonly used to understand and predict the behavior of reactive chemical systems. Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) is a software suite developed to automatically generate such models by incorporating and extrapolating from a database of known thermochemical and kinetic parameters. Here, we present the recent version 3 release of RMG and highlight improvements since the previously published description of RMG v1.0. Most notably, RMG can now generate heterogeneous catalysis models in addition to the previously available gas- and liquid-phase capabilities. For model analysis, new methods for local and global uncertainty analysis have been implemented to supplement first-order sensitivity analysis. The RMG database of thermochemical and kinetic parameters has been significantly expanded to cover more types of chemistry. The present release includes parallelization for faster model generation and a new molecule isomorphism approach to improve computational performance. RMG has also been updated to use Python 3, ensuring compatibility with the latest cheminformatics and machine learning packages. Overall, RMG v3.0 includes many changes which improve the accuracy of the generated chemical mechanisms and allow for exploration of a wider range of chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark J Goldman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Agnes Jocher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A Mark Payne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Colin A Grambow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kehang Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nathan W Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emily J Mazeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Katrin Blondal
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Richard H West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - C Franklin Goldsmith
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Johnson MS, Nimlos MR, Ninnemann E, Laich A, Fioroni GM, Kang D, Bu L, Ranasinghe D, Khanniche S, Goldsborough SS, Vasu SS, Green WH. Oxidation and pyrolysis of methyl propyl ether. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Bioenergy Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado USA
| | - Erik Ninnemann
- Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research (CATER), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA
| | - Andrew Laich
- Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research (CATER), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA
| | - Gina M. Fioroni
- National Bioenergy Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado USA
| | - Dongil Kang
- Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois USA
| | - Lintao Bu
- National Bioenergy Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado USA
| | - Duminda Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Sarah Khanniche
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - S. Scott Goldsborough
- Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois USA
| | - Subith S. Vasu
- Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research (CATER), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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12
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Stocker S, Csányi G, Reuter K, Margraf JT. Machine learning in chemical reaction space. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5505. [PMID: 33127879 PMCID: PMC7603480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical compound space refers to the vast set of all possible chemical compounds, estimated to contain 1060 molecules. While intractable as a whole, modern machine learning (ML) is increasingly capable of accurately predicting molecular properties in important subsets. Here, we therefore engage in the ML-driven study of even larger reaction space. Central to chemistry as a science of transformations, this space contains all possible chemical reactions. As an important basis for 'reactive' ML, we establish a first-principles database (Rad-6) containing closed and open-shell organic molecules, along with an associated database of chemical reaction energies (Rad-6-RE). We show that the special topology of reaction spaces, with central hub molecules involved in multiple reactions, requires a modification of existing compound space ML-concepts. Showcased by the application to methane combustion, we demonstrate that the learned reaction energies offer a non-empirical route to rationally extract reduced reaction networks for detailed microkinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Stocker
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Engineering Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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14
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Liu M, Chu T, Jocher A, Smith MC, Lengyel I, Green WH. Predicting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation with an automatically generated mechanism for acetylene pyrolysis. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Te‐Chun Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Agnes Jocher
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Mica C. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | | | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
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15
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Chu T, Smith MC, Yang J, Liu M, Green WH. Theoretical study on the HACA chemistry of naphthalenyl radicals and acetylene: The formation of C
12
H
8
, C
14
H
8
, and C
14
H
10
species. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Te‐Chun Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Mica C. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Jeehyun Yang
- Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
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16
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Li Z, Liu P, Zhang P, He H, Chung SH, Roberts WL. Theoretical Study of PAH Growth by Phenylacetylene Addition. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10323-10332. [PMID: 31692346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although there was significant advancement on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation, current mechanisms are still limited in providing an integrated and accurate scheme of PAH yield in combustion conditions; thus, a more detailed and comprehensive understanding is necessary. This work provides a systematic investigation of PAH growth by phenylacetylene addition. A combination of the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)) and the complete basis set method (CBS-QB3) is utilized to calculate the potential energy surfaces. The reaction system is initiated by the H elimination reaction of phenylacetylene + H → o-ethynylphenyl + H2, and then, the addition reaction of phenylacetylene and o-ethynylphenyl can produce PAHs with one, two, three, and four rings. The temperature- and pressure-dependent reaction rate coefficients are calculated via a combination of conventional transition state theory (TST) and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory with solving the master equation in the temperature range of 500-2500 K and at the pressure range of 0.01-10 atm. There are 263 species and 65 reactions in this reaction system. It shows that the rate constants of this reaction system are highly temperature-dependent and slightly sensitive to the pressure at temperatures lower than 1300 K. To evaluate the yield distributions of various PAH products in the whole reaction network, a closed 0-D batch reactor model in Chemkin is used to calculate the C6H5C2H-C2H2-H-Ar reaction system. The results showed that the prevailing products of this system are three-ring PAHs with side chain structures. Compared with the traditional HACA pathways, the investigated reaction system presents higher efficiency in large PAH formations, which could subsequently promote the formation of soot particles. The phenylacetylene and o-ethynylphenyl reaction network emphasizes the importance of species with side chains, and it enriches current PAH growth pathways aside from the addition of small species such as C2H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,Clean Combustion Research Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Peng Liu
- Clean Combustion Research Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Suk Ho Chung
- Clean Combustion Research Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia
| | - William L Roberts
- Clean Combustion Research Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia
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17
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Chu TC, Buras ZJ, Smith MC, Uwagwu AB, Green WH. From benzene to naphthalene: direct measurement of reactions and intermediates of phenyl radicals and acetylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22248-22258. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First-time measurement of time evolution of the main products and critical intermediates on phenyl HACA pathways with a validated pressure-dependent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Chu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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