1
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Guo Z, Yu Q, Chen Y, Liu J, Li T, Peng Y, Yi W. Fluorine-Containing Functional Group-Based Energetic Materials. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300108. [PMID: 37265346 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecules featuring fluorine-containing functional groups exhibit outstanding properties with high density, low sensitivity, excellent thermal stability, and good energetic performance due to the strong electron-withdrawing ability and high density of fluorine. Hence, they play a pivotal role in the field of energetic materials. In light of current theoretical and experimental reports, this review systematically focuses on three types of energetic materials possessing fluorine-containing functional groups F- and NF2 - substituted trinitromethyl groups (C(NO2 )2 F, C(NO2 )2 NF2 ), trifluoromethyl group (CF3 ), and difluoroamino and pentafluorosulfone groups (NF2 , SF5 ) and investigates the synthetic methods, physicochemical parameters, and energetic properties of each. The incorporation of fluorine-containing functional moieties is critical for the development of novel high energy density materials, and is rapidly being adopted in the design of energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yucong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yuhuang Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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2
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Pang S, He C. Asymmetrical Methylene-Bridge Linked Fully Iodinated Azoles as Energetic Biocidal Materials with Improved Thermal Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10711. [PMID: 37445889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The instability and volatility of iodine is high, however, effective iodine biocidal species can be readily stored in iodinated azoles and then be released upon decomposition or detonation. Iodine azoles with high iodine content and high thermal stability are highly desired. In this work, the strategy of methylene bridging with asymmetric structures of 3,4,5-triiodo-1-H-pyrazole (TIP), 2,4,5-triiodo-1H-imidazol (TIM), and tetraiodo-1H-pyrrole (TIPL) are proposed. Two highly stable fully iodinated methylene-bridged azole compounds 3,4,5-triiodo-1-((2,4,5-triiodo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazole (3) and 3,4,5-triiodo-1-((tetraiodo-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazole (4) were obtained with high iodine content and excellent thermal stability (iodine content: 84.27% for compound 3 and 86.48% for compound 4; Td: 3: 285 °C, 4: 260 °C). Furthermore, their composites with high-energy oxidant ammonium perchlorate (AP) were designed. The combustion behavior and thermal decomposition properties of the formulations were tested and evaluated. This work may open a new avenue to develop advanced energetic biocidal materials with well-balanced energetic and biocidal properties and versatile functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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3
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Pang S, He C. Enhanced Energetic Performance via the Combination of Furoxan and Oxa-[5,5]bicyclic Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108846. [PMID: 37240192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new compounds based on the combination of furoxan (1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide) and oxa-[5,5]bicyclic ring were synthesized. Among them, the nitro compound showed satisfactory detonation properties (Dv, 8565 m s-1; P, 31.9 GPa), which is comparable to the performance of RDX (a classic high-energy secondary explosive). Additionally, the introduction of the N-oxide moiety and oxidation of the amino group more effectively improved the oxygen balance and density (d, 1.81 g cm-3; OB%, +2.8%) of the compounds compared to furazan analogues. Combined with good density and oxygen balance as well as moderate sensitivity, this type of furoxan and oxa-[5,5]bicyclic structure will open up a platform for the synthesis and design of new high-energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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4
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Marrs FW, Davis JV, Burch AC, Brown GW, Lease N, Huestis PL, Cawkwell MJ, Manner VW. Chemical Descriptors for a Large-Scale Study on Drop-Weight Impact Sensitivity of High Explosives. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:753-769. [PMID: 36695777 PMCID: PMC9930127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The drop-weight impact test is an experiment that has been used for nearly 80 years to evaluate handling sensitivity of high explosives. Although the results of this test are known to have large statistical uncertainties, it is one of the most common tests due to its accessibility and modest material requirements. In this paper, we compile a large data set of drop-weight impact sensitivity test results (mainly performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory), along with a compendium of molecular and chemical descriptors for the explosives under test. These data consist of over 500 unique explosives, over 1000 repeat tests, and over 100 descriptors, for a total of about 1500 observations. We use random forest methods to estimate a model of explosive handling sensitivity as a function of chemical and molecular properties of the explosives under test. Our model predicts well across a wide range of explosive types, spanning a broad range of explosive performance and sensitivity. We find that properties related to explosive performance, such as heat of explosion, oxygen balance, and functional group, are highly predictive of explosive handling sensitivity. Yet, models that omit many of these properties still perform well. Our results suggest that there is not one or even several factors that explain explosive handling sensitivity, but that there are many complex, interrelated effects at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Marrs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Jack V. Davis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Burch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Brown
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Nicholas Lease
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | | | - Marc J. Cawkwell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Virginia W. Manner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
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5
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Chen P, Dou H, Zhang J, He C, Pang S. Trinitromethyl Energetic Groups Enhance High Heats of Detonation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4144-4151. [PMID: 36629788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of groups with high enthalpies of formation can effectively improve the detonation performance of the compounds. A series of novel energetic compounds (10-13) with high enthalpies of formation, high density, and high nitrogen-oxygen content were designed and synthesized by combining gem-polynitromethyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, furoxan, and azo groups. All the new compounds were thoroughly characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Compounds 10 and 11 were also further characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 11 has high density (1.93 g cm-3), high enthalpy of formation (993.5 kJ mol-1), high detonation velocity (9411 m s-1), and high heat of detonation (6889 kJ kg-1) and is a potentially excellent secondary explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Hui Dou
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Jinya Zhang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
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6
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Leonov NE, Emel'yanov AE, Klenov MS, Churakov AM, Strelenko YA, Pivkina AN, Fedyanin IV, Lempert DB, Kon'kova TS, Matyushin YN, Tartakovsky VA. Novel (1H-tetrazol-5-yl-NNO-azoxy)furazans and their energetic salts: synthesis, characterization and energetic properties. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Zhang XY, Lin XY, Guo BY, Tan C, Han Y. Efficient synthesis of the promising energetic material precursor 4-azido-3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazole with high detonation performance. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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8
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Larin AA, Pivkina AN, Ananyev IV, Khakimov DV, Fershtat LL. Novel family of nitrogen-rich energetic (1,2,4-triazolyl) furoxan salts with balanced performance. Front Chem 2022; 10:1012605. [PMID: 36172000 PMCID: PMC9510683 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1012605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich energetic materials comprised of a combination of several heterocyclic subunits retain their leading position in the field of materials science. In this regard, a preparation of novel high-energy materials with balanced set of physicochemical properties is highly desired. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new series of energetic salts incorporating a (1,2,4-triazolyl) furoxan core and complete evaluation of their energetic properties. All target energetic materials were well characterized with IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, while compound 6 was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Prepared nitrogen-rich salts have high thermal stability (up to 232°C), good experimental densities (up to 1.80 g cm−3) and high positive enthalpies of formation (344–1,095 kJ mol−1). As a result, synthesized energetic salts have good detonation performance (D = 7.0–8.4 km s−1; p = 22–32 GPa), while their sensitivities to impact and friction are quite low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Larin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Centre for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Khakimov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Leonid L. Fershtat,
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9
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Zhang Q, Zhao C, Zhang X, He C, Pang S. Oxidation of o-dioxime by (diacetoxyiodo)benzene: green and mild access to furoxans. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diversified furoxan derivatives are efficiently obtained through a mild oxidation strategy, which greatly reduces the safety risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Huang T, Hao W, Jin B, Zhang J, Guo J, Luo L, Zhang Q, Peng R. Novel energetic coordination compound [Cu(AT)4]Cl2 for catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Potassium (3-Methyl-2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-4-yl)dinitromethanide. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Furoxan derivatives enriched with explosophoric functionalities are promising compounds in the preparation of novel energetic materials. Herein, a previously unknown potassium (3-methyl-2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-4-yl)dinitromethanide (also referred to as potassium 4-dinitromethyl-3-methylfuroxanate) was synthesized via tandem nitration-reduction reactions of an available (furoxanyl)chloroxime. The structure of the synthesized compound was established by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C and 14N NMR spectroscopy. Thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity of the prepared compound toward impact and friction were experimentally determined.
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12
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Recent Synthetic Efforts towards High Energy Density Materials: How to Design High-Performance Energetic Structures? FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Larin AA, Shaferov AV, Kulikov AS, Pivkina AN, Monogarov KA, Dmitrienko AO, Ananyev IV, Khakimov DV, Fershtat L, Makhova NN. Design and Synthesis of Nitrogen-Rich Azo-Bridged Furoxanylazoles as High-Performance Energetic Materials. Chemistry 2021; 27:14628-14637. [PMID: 34324750 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel energetic materials comprising of azo-bridged furoxanylazoles enriched with energetic functionalities was designed and synthesized. These high-energy materials were thoroughly characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, 14 N) spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular structures of representative amino and azo oxadiazole assemblies were additionally confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction. A comparison of contributions of explosophoric moieties into the density of energetic materials revealed that furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole rings are the densest motifs while the substitution of the azide and amino fragments on the nitro and azo ones leads to an increase of the density. Azo bridged energetic materials have high nitrogen-oxygen contents (68.8-76.9%) and high thermal stability. The synthesized compounds exhibit good experimental densities (1.62-1.88 g cm -3 ), very high enthalpies of formation (846-1720 kJ mol -1 ), and, as a result, excellent detonation performance (detonation velocities 7.66-9.09 km s -1 and detonation pressures 25.0-37.7 GPa). From the application perspective, the detonation parameters of azo oxadiazole assemblies exceed those of the benchmark explosive RDX, while a combination of high detonation performance and acceptable friction sensitivity of azo(1,2,4-triazolylfuroxan) make it a promising potential alternative to PETN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Larin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander V Shaferov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander S Kulikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Institut himiceskoj fiziki imeni N N Semenova RAN, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- Institut himiceskoj fiziki imeni N N Semenova RAN, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Artem O Dmitrienko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Ivan V Ananyev
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Dmitry V Khakimov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Leonid Fershtat
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Nina N Makhova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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14
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Cao W, Dong W, Lu Z, Bi Y, Hu Y, Wang T, Zhang C, Li Z, Yu Q, Zhang J. Construction of Coplanar Bicyclic Backbones for 1,2,4-Triazole-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-Derived Energetic Materials. Chemistry 2021; 27:13807-13818. [PMID: 34323327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Combining different nitrogen-rich heterocycles into a molecule can fine-tune its energetic performance and physical properties as well as its safety for use in energetic materials. Here, 1,2,4-oxadiazole was incorporated into 1,2,4-triazole to construct new energetic backbones. 3-(5-Amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-amine (5) was designed and synthesized. Nitramino-functionalized N-(5-(5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)nitramide (6) and N-(5-(5-(nitramino)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)nitramide (7) were also obtained, and two series of corresponding nitrogen-rich salts were prepared, leading to the creation of new energetic compounds. All derivatives were fully characterized, and five of them were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The theoretical calculations, energetic performance, safety, and the main decomposition gaseous products of 1,2,4-triazole-1,2,4-oxadiazole-derived energetic materials were studied. Compound 7 and its dihydroxylammonium salt (7 c) exhibited prominent detonation performance comparable to that of RDX while possessing satisfying thermal stabilities and mechanical sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zujia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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15
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16
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Du Y, Qu Z, Wang H, Cui H, Wang X. Review on the Synthesis and Performance for 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Energetic Materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Zhongkai Qu
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Huanchun Wang
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Hu Cui
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
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17
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Lu T, He Y, Song J, Hou Z, Yin H, Fan G, Chen FX. Synthesis and properties of gem-dinitro energetic salts based on 1,2,4-oxadiazole with low impact sensitivity. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The compounds in this study are insensitive to impact and more energetic than TNT, giving new insights into gem-dinitro-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Yuna He
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Jia Song
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Zhengwen Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- Beijing 102488
- China
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18
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Wang Y, Xu S, Li H, Ma H, Zhang Y, Guo Z. Laser ignition of energetic complexes: impact of metal ion on laser initiation ability. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal-containing energetic complexes were easy to initiate, followed by the free ligand, whereas the alkaline-earth metal complexes exhibited longer initiation delay times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi’an 710065
- P. R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi’an 710065
- P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- P. R. China
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19
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Abstract
First investigation of this new energetic cation, which may greatly expand the range of possible energetic salts available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Gettings
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University
- West Lafayette
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- Detonation Sciences & Modeling Branch, CCDC U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground
- USA
| | | | - Davin Piercey
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University
- West Lafayette
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20
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Zhai L, Zhang J, Wu M, Huo H, Bi F, Wang B. Balancing good oxygen balance and high heat of formation by incorporating of -C(NO2)2F Moiety and Tetrazole into Furoxan block. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Gettings ML, Thoenen MT, Byrd EFC, Sabatini JJ, Zeller M, Piercey DG. Tetrazole Azasydnone (C
2
N
7
O
2
H) And Its Salts: High‐Performing Zwitterionic Energetic Materials Containing A Unique Explosophore. Chemistry 2020; 26:14530-14535. [PMID: 32567079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Gettings
- Departments of Materials Engineering & Mechanical Engineering Purdue Energetics Research Center Purdue University 205 Gates Road West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science U.S. Military Academy West Point NY 10996 USA
| | - Michael T. Thoenen
- Departments of Materials Engineering & Mechanical Engineering Purdue Energetics Research Center Purdue University 205 Gates Road West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- Detonation Sciences & Modeling Branch CCDC U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA
| | - Jesse J. Sabatini
- Energetics Synthesis & Formulation Branch CCDC U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Davin G. Piercey
- Departments of Materials Engineering & Mechanical Engineering Purdue Energetics Research Center Purdue University 205 Gates Road West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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22
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Bikas R, Valadbeigi Y, Otręba M, Lis T. Mechanistic studies on the in-situ generation of furoxan ring during the formation of Cu(II) coordination compound from dioxime ligand: Theoretical and experimental study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Bi F, Wang B. Energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Zhai L, Bi F, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li X, Wang B, Chen S. 3,4-Bis(3-tetrazolylfuroxan-4-yl)furoxan: A Linear C-C Bonded Pentaheterocyclic Energetic Material with High Heat of Formation and Superior Performance. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11115-11122. [PMID: 32455233 PMCID: PMC7241007 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design and preparation of new nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds are of considerable significance for the development of high-performing energetic materials. By combining nitrogen-rich tetrazole and oxygen-rich furoxan, a linear C-C bonded pentaheterocyclic energetic compound, 3,4-bis(3-tetrazolylfuroxan-4-yl) furoxan (BTTFO), was synthesized using a facile and straightforward method. Comprehensive X-ray analysis reveals the key role of hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, and short contacts in the formation of dense packing of BTTFO and explains why a long chain-shaped molecule has a high density. This multicyclic structure incorporating three furoxan and two tetrazole moieties results in an exceptionally high heat of formation (1290.8 kJ mol-1) and favorable calculated detonation performances (v D, 8621 m s-1, P, 31.5 GPa). The interesting structure and fascinating properties demonstrated the feasibility of a linear multicyclic approach as a high-energy-density skeleton. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters, electrostatic potential (ESP), and frontier molecular orbitals were also studied to get a better understanding of structure-property correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an 710127, China
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25
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Xue Q, Bi FQ, Zhang JL, Wang ZJ, Zhai LJ, Huo H, Wang BZ, Zhang SY. A Family of Energetic Materials Based on 1,2,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,5-Oxadiazole Backbones With Low Insensitivity and Good Detonation Performance. Front Chem 2020; 7:942. [PMID: 32154208 PMCID: PMC7044674 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and synthesis of new compounds with both high detonation performances and good safety properties have always been a formidable task in the field of energetic materials. By introducing -ONO2 and -NHNO2 moieties into 1,2,4-oxadiazole- and 1,2,5-oxadiazole-based backbones, a new family of energetic materials, including ammonium 3-nitramino-4-(5-hydroxymethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-furazan (4), 3,3′-bis[5-nitroxymethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-4,4′-azofuroxan (6), [3-(4-nitroamino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-methylene nitrate (8), and its energetic ionic salts (10–12), were synthesized and fully characterized. The energetic and physical properties of the materials were investigated through theoretical calculations and experimental determination. The results show that the oxadiazole-based compounds exhibit high enthalpy of formations, good detonation performances, and extraordinary insensitivities. In particular, the hydrazinium salt (11) shows the best energetic properties (11: d = 1.821 g cm−3; P = 35.1 GPa, vD = 8,822 m s−1, IS = 40 J, FS > 360N). The ESP and Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated that a large number of hydrogen bonds as well as π-π stacking interactions within molecules might be the key reason for their low sensitivities and high energy-density levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Lian-Jie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Guo X, Xu G, Zhou L, Yan H, Hao XQ, Wang Q. Synthesis and application of α-carbonyl nitrile oxides. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A strategy has been developed to synthesize α-carbonylfuran and isoxazole using tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as a nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Huating Yan
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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27
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Fershtat LL, Makhova NN. 1,2,5‐Oxadiazole‐Based High‐Energy‐Density Materials: Synthesis and Performance. Chempluschem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Leninsky Prospect, 47 Moscow Russia
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Leninsky Prospect, 47 Moscow Russia
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28
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Zhai L, Bi F, Huo H, Luo Y, Li X, Chen S, Wang B. The Ingenious Synthesis of a Nitro-Free Insensitive High-Energy Material Featuring Face-to-Face and Edge-to-Face π-Interactions. Front Chem 2019; 7:559. [PMID: 31448264 PMCID: PMC6692488 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Density, detonation property, and sensitivity may be the most valued features when evaluating an energetic material. By reasoning structure–property relationships, a nitro-free planar energetic material with high nitrogen and oxygen content, 7-hydroxy-difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-f]furoxano[3″,4″-d]azepine (4), was synthesized using a unique and facile approach. The structure was fully characterized by IR and NMR spectra, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The expected properties of 4, including a high density of 1.92 g cm−3, high detonation velocity of 8,875 m s−1, and low mechanical sensitivities (impact sensitivity, 21 J and friction sensitivity, >360 N), confirm our strategy. Interestingly, the single-crystal structures of 4 reveal expected face-to-face and edge-to-face π-interactions in the crystal stacking. The remarkable differences in crystal stacking of 4 provide unequivocal evidence that face-to-face π-π interactions contribute significantly to closer assembly and higher density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
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29
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Tang Z, Zhou Y, Song Q. Synthesis of Furoxans and Isoxazoles via Divergent [2 + 1 + 1 + 1] Annulations of Sulfoxonium Ylides and tBuONO. Org Lett 2019; 21:5273-5276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Tang
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- State Key Laboratroy of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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30
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Zhang J, Yin P, Pan G, Wang Z, Zhang J, Mitchell LA, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. 5-(4-Azidofurazan-3-yl)-1-hydroxytetrazole and its derivatives: from green primary to secondary explosives. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
These new high-nitrogen-content azidofurazan compounds show potential for use as next-generation green primary and secondary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
| | - Guangxing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
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31
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Cao Y, Lin X, Yang J, Gong X, Fan G, Huang H. Synthesis and performance study of methylene-bridged bis(nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole) and its energetic salts. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new energetic compounds based on methylene-bridged bis(nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole) was synthesized through a simple, safe and efficient route and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
| | - Xiangyang Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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