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Zhou T, Gui C, Sun L, Hu Y, Lyu H, Wang Z, Song Z, Yu G. Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12170-12253. [PMID: 37879045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting entirely of ions exhibit many fascinating and tunable properties, making them promising functional materials for a large number of energy-related applications. For example, ILs have been employed as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as heat transfer fluids and phase-change materials for thermal energy transfer and storage, as solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, biomass treatment and biofuel extraction, and as high-energy propellants for aerospace applications. This paper provides an extensive overview on the various energy applications of ILs and offers some thinking and viewpoints on the current challenges and emerging opportunities in each area. The basic fundamentals (structures and properties) of ILs are first introduced. Then, motivations and successful applications of ILs in the energy field are concisely outlined. Later, a detailed review of recent representative works in each area is provided. For each application, the role of ILs and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the selection of ILs to achieve improved performance are analyzed as well. Challenges and future opportunities are pointed out before the paper is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chengmin Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longgang Sun
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department for Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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Abdullah M, Chellappan Lethesh K, Baloch AA, Bamgbopa MO. Comparison of molecular and structural features towards prediction of ionic liquid ionic conductivity for electrochemical applications. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Stationary energy storage methods such as flow batteries are one of the best options to integrate with smart power grids. Though electrochemical energy storage using flow battery technologies has been successfully demonstrated since the 1970s, the introduction of ionic liquids into the field of energy storage introduces new dimensions in this field. This reliable energy storage technology can provide significantly more flexibility when incorporated with the synergic effects of ionic liquids. This mini-review enumerates the present trends in redox flow battery designs and the use of ionic liquids as electrolytes, membranes, redox couples, etc. explored in these designs. This review specifically intends to provide an overview of the research prospects of ionic liquids for redox flow batteries (RFB).
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Boncella AE, Sabo ET, Santore RM, Carter J, Whalen J, Hudspeth JD, Morrison CN. The expanding utility of iron-sulfur clusters: Their functional roles in biology, synthetic small molecules, maquettes and artificial proteins, biomimetic materials, and therapeutic strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fischer P, Mazúr P, Krakowiak J. Family Tree for Aqueous Organic Redox Couples for Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes: A Conceptual Review. Molecules 2022; 27:560. [PMID: 35056875 PMCID: PMC8778144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are an increasingly attractive option for renewable energy storage, thus providing flexibility for the supply of electrical energy. In recent years, research in this type of battery storage has been shifted from metal-ion based electrolytes to soluble organic redox-active compounds. Aqueous-based organic electrolytes are considered as more promising electrolytes to achieve "green", safe, and low-cost energy storage. Many organic compounds and their derivatives have recently been intensively examined for application to redox flow batteries. This work presents an up-to-date overview of the redox organic compound groups tested for application in aqueous RFB. In the initial part, the most relevant requirements for technical electrolytes are described and discussed. The importance of supporting electrolytes selection, the limits for the aqueous system, and potential synthetic strategies for redox molecules are highlighted. The different organic redox couples described in the literature are grouped in a "family tree" for organic redox couples. This article is designed to be an introduction to the field of organic redox flow batteries and aims to provide an overview of current achievements as well as helping synthetic chemists to understand the basic concepts of the technical requirements for next-generation energy storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, Pfinztal, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer Str. 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Petr Mazúr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Joanna Krakowiak
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Schrage BR, Zhang B, Petrochko SC, Zhao Z, Frkonja-Kuczin A, Boika A, Ziegler CJ. Highly Soluble Imidazolium Ferrocene Bis(sulfonate) Salts for Redox Flow Battery Applications. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10764-10771. [PMID: 34210136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are scalable devices that employ solution-based redox active components for scalable energy storage. To maximize energy density, new highly soluble catholytes and anolytes need to be synthesized and evaluated for their electrochemical performance. To that end, we synthesized a series of imidazolium ferrocene bis(sulfonate) salts as highly soluble catholytes for RFB applications. Six salts with differing alkyl chain lengths on the imidazolium cation were synthesized, characterized, and electrochemically analyzed. While aqueous solubility was significantly improved, the reactivity of the imidazolium cation and the increased viscosities of the salt solutions in water (which increase with increasing imidazolium chain length) limit the applicability of these materials to RFB design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Baosen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Stephen C Petrochko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | | | - Aliaksei Boika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
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Palmer TC, Beamer A, Pitt T, Popov IA, Cammack CX, Pratt HD, Anderson TM, Batista ER, Yang P, Davis BL. A Comparative Review of Metal-Based Charge Carriers in Nonaqueous Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1214-1228. [PMID: 33305517 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage is becoming the chief barrier to the utilization of more renewable energy sources on the grid. With independent service operators aiming to acquire gigawatts in the next 10-20 years, there is a large need to develop a suite of new storage technologies. Redox flow batteries (RFB) may be part of the solution if certain key barriers are overcome. This Review focuses on a particular kind of RFB based on nonaqueous media that promises to meet the challenge through higher voltages than the organic and aqueous variants. This class of RFB is divided into three groups: molecular, macromolecular, and redox-targeted systems. The growing field of theoretical modeling is also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Palmer
- Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew Beamer
- Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tristan Pitt
- Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- T-1: Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Claudina X Cammack
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0614, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Harry D Pratt
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0614, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Travis M Anderson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0614, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Enrique R Batista
- T-CNLS: Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- T-CNLS: Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Benjamin L Davis
- Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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9
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Bahadori L, Boyd R, Warrington A, Shafeeyan M, Nockemann P. Evaluation of ionic liquids as electrolytes for vanadium redox flow batteries. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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VanGelder LE, Schreiber E, Wind ML, Limberg C, Matson EM. Investigation of Cubic Fe 4 M 4 Frameworks for Application in Nonaqueous Energy Storage. Chemistry 2019; 25:14421-14429. [PMID: 31497908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic complexes have recently seen increased attention as next-generation charge carriers for nonaqueous redox flow batteries. Herein, we report the electrochemical performance of a molecular iron-molybdenum oxido complex, {[(Me3 TACN)Fe][μ-(MoO4 κ3 O,O',O")]}4 (Fe4 Mo4 O16 ). In symmetric battery charging schematics, Fe4 Mo4 O16 facilitates reversible two-electron storage with coulombic efficiencies >99 % over 100 cycles (5 days) with no molecular decomposition and minimal capacity fade. Energy efficiency throughout cycling remained high (∼82 %), as a result of the rapid electron-transfer kinetics observed for each of the complex's four redox events. We also report the synthesis of the analogous synthetic frameworks featuring tungstate vertices or bridging-sulfide moieties, revealing key observations relevant to structure-function relationships and design criteria for these types of heterometallic ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E VanGelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Eric Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Marie-Louise Wind
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen M Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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VanGelder LE, Cook TR, Matson EM. Progress in the Design of Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxides as Charge Carriers for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2019.1587612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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