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Olowoyo JO, Gharahshiran VS, Zeng Y, Zhao Y, Zheng Y. Atomic/molecular layer deposition strategies for enhanced CO 2 capture, utilisation and storage materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5428-5488. [PMID: 38682880 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels have raised profound concerns regarding the resulting consequences of global climate change and the future supply of energy. Hence, the reduction and transformation of CO2 not only mitigates environmental pollution but also generates value-added chemicals, providing a dual remedy to address both energy and environmental challenges. Despite notable advancements, the low conversion efficiency of CO2 remains a major obstacle, largely attributed to its inert chemical nature. It is imperative to engineer catalysts/materials that exhibit high conversion efficiency, selectivity, and stability for CO2 transformation. With unparalleled precision at the atomic level, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) methods utilize various strategies, including ultrathin modification, overcoating, interlayer coating, area-selective deposition, template-assisted deposition, and sacrificial-layer-assisted deposition, to synthesize numerous novel metal-based materials with diverse structures. These materials, functioning as active materials, passive materials or modifiers, have contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, effectively addressing the challenges linked to CO2 transformation. Herein, this review focuses on ALD and MLD's role in fabricating materials for electro-, photo-, photoelectro-, and thermal catalytic CO2 reduction, CO2 capture and separation, and electrochemical CO2 sensing. Significant emphasis is dedicated to the ALD and MLD designed materials, their crucial role in enhancing performance, and exploring the relationship between their structures and catalytic activities for CO2 transformation. Finally, this comprehensive review presents the summary, challenges and prospects for ALD and MLD-designed materials for CO2 transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Olowoyo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Vahid Shahed Gharahshiran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Yimin Zeng
- Natural Resources Canada - CanmetMaterials, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
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2
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Garvin M, Thompson WA, Tan JZY, Kampouri S, Ireland CP, Smit B, Brookfield A, Collison D, Negahdar L, Beale AM, Maroto-Valer MM, McIntosh RD, Garcia S. Highly selective CO 2 photoreduction to CO on MOF-derived TiO 2. RSC SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 1:494-503. [PMID: 37215582 PMCID: PMC10193832 DOI: 10.1039/d2su00082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-derived TiO2, synthesised through the calcination of MIL-125-NH2, is investigated for its potential as a CO2 photoreduction catalyst. The effect of the reaction parameters: irradiance, temperature and partial pressure of water was investigated. Using a two-level design of experiments, we were able to evaluate the influence of each parameter and their potential interactions on the reaction products, specifically the production of CO and CH4. It was found that, for the explored range, the only statistically significant parameter is temperature, with an increase in temperature being correlated to enhanced production of both CO and CH4. Over the range of experimental settings explored, the MOF-derived TiO2 displays high selectivity towards CO (98%), with only a small amount of CH4 (2%) being produced. This is notable when compared to other state-of-the-art TiO2 based CO2 photoreduction catalysts, which often showcase lower selectivity. The MOF-derived TiO2 was found to have a peak production rate of 8.9 × 10-4 μmol cm-2 h-1 (2.6 μmol g-1 h-1) and 2.6 × 10-5 μmol cm-2 h-1 (0.10 μmol g-1 h-1) for CO and CH4, respectively. A comparison is made to commercial TiO2, P25 (Degussa), which was shown to have a similar activity towards CO production, 3.4 × 10-3 μmol cm-2 h-1 (5.9 μmol g-1 h-1), but a lower selectivity preference for CO (3 : 1 CH4 : CO) than the MOF-derived TiO2 material developed here. This paper showcases the potential for MIL-125-NH2 derived TiO2 to be further developed as a highly selective CO2 photoreduction catalyst for CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Garvin
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Warren A Thompson
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Jeannie Z Y Tan
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Stavroula Kampouri
- Laboratory of molecular simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Christopher P Ireland
- Laboratory of molecular simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Berend Smit
- Laboratory of molecular simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9Pl UK
| | - David Collison
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9Pl UK
| | - Leila Negahdar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
| | - M Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Ruaraidh D McIntosh
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
| | - Susana Garcia
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University EH14 4AS UK
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3
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Li CF, Guo RT, Wu T, Pan WG. Progress and perspectives on 1D nanostructured catalysts applied in photo(electro)catalytic reduction of CO 2. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16033-16064. [PMID: 36300511 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels by artificial photosynthesis (photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis) is one of the considerable solutions to global environmental and energy issues. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructured catalysts (nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes and so on.) have attracted extensive attention due to their superior light-harvesting ability, co-catalyst loading capacity, and high carrier separation rate. This review analyzed the basic principle of the photo(electro)catalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) briefly. The preparation methods and properties of 1D nanostructured catalysts are introduced. Next, the applications of 1D nanostructured catalysts in the field of photo(electro)catalytic CO2 RR are introduced in detail. In particular, we introduced the design of composite catalysts with 1D nanostructures, for example loading 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D materials on a 1D nanostructured semiconductor to construct a heterojunction to optimize the photo-response range, carrier separation and transport efficiency, CO2 adsorption and activation capacity, and stability of the catalyst. Finally, the development prospects of 1D nanostructured catalysts are discussed and summarized. This review can provide guidance for the rational design of advanced catalysts for photo(electro)catalytic CO2 RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fan Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
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4
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Tang B, Xiao FX. An Overview of Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Conversion to Chemical Fuels. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Fang-Xing Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Wang L, Huang Z, Yang X, Rogée L, Huang X, Zhang X, Lau SP. Review on optofluidic microreactors for photocatalysis. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Four interrelated issues have been arising with the development of modern industry, namely environmental pollution, the energy crisis, the greenhouse effect and the global food crisis. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods to solve them in the future. To promote high photocatalytic reaction efficiency and utilize solar energy to its fullest, a well-designed photoreactor is vital. Photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors, a promising technology that brings the merits of microfluidics to photocatalysis, offer the advantages of a large surface-to-volume ratio, a short molecular diffusion length and high reaction efficiency, providing a potential method for mitigating the aforementioned crises in the future. Although various photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors have been reported, a comprehensive review of microreactors applied to these four fields is still lacking. In this paper, we review the typical design and development of photocatalytic microreactors in the fields of water purification, water splitting, CO2 fixation and coenzyme regeneration in the past few years. As the most promising tool for solar energy utilization, we believe that the increasing innovation of photocatalytic optofluidic microreactors will drive rapid development of related fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Lukas Rogée
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering , State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250353 , China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
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6
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Kang PW, Lim J, Haaring R, Lee H. Photo-assisted electrochemical CO 2 reduction using a translucent thin film electrode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1918-1921. [PMID: 35040447 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06940c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a new concept of photo-assisted electrochemical CO2 reduction through a translucent thin film electrode. The light-compatible thin film electrode directly exposes Au nanoparticle-loaded Ag nanowires to gaseous CO2, obtaining a CO production rate of 0.7 mmol cm-2 h-1 with a photocurrent density of 6.05 mA cm-2 at -1.1 VRHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Woong Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Robert Haaring
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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7
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Ibrahim OA, Navarro-Segarra M, Sadeghi P, Sabaté N, Esquivel JP, Kjeang E. Microfluidics for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7236-7266. [PMID: 34995463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion is an important supplement for storage and on-demand use of renewable energy. In this regard, microfluidics offers prospects to raise the efficiency and rate of electrochemical energy conversion through enhanced mass transport, flexible cell design, and ability to eliminate the physical ion-exchange membrane, an essential yet costly element in conventional electrochemical cells. Since the 2002 invention of the microfluidic fuel cell, the research field of microfluidics for electrochemical energy conversion has expanded into a great variety of cell designs, fabrication techniques, and device functions with a wide range of utility and applications. The present review aims to comprehensively synthesize the best practices in this field over the past 20 years. The underlying fundamentals and research methods are first summarized, followed by a complete assessment of all research contributions wherein microfluidics was proactively utilized to facilitate energy conversion in conjunction with electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells, flow batteries, electrolysis cells, hybrid cells, and photoelectrochemical cells. Moreover, emerging technologies and analytical tools enabled by microfluidics are also discussed. Lastly, opportunities for future research directions and technology advances are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Ibrahim
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada.,Fuelium S.L., Edifici Eureka, Av. Can Domènech S/N, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Marina Navarro-Segarra
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Pardis Sadeghi
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada
| | - Neus Sabaté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Esquivel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain.,BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Erik Kjeang
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada
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9
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Akbar MB, Gong Y, Wang Y, Woldu AR, Zhang X, He T. Role of TiO 2coating layer on the performance of Cu 2O photocathode in photoelectrochemical CO 2reduction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:395707. [PMID: 34161928 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0ddb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
TiO2is usually employed as a protective layer for Cu2O in photoelectrocatalytic CO2reduction. However, the role of TiO2layer on CO2reduction activity and selectivity is still elusive. In this work, a systematic investigation is carried out to probe the impact of the deposition parameters of TiO2overlayer, including the temperature and thickness, on CO2reduction performance. Compositional and (photo-)electrochemical analysis is performed to explore the property of TiO2overlayers. Carrier behavior, including donor density and electron energy, and stability of TiO2are demonstrated to be influenced by atomic layer deposition conditions and thus play a role in controlling CO2reduction reaction. Specifically, as the thickness of the TiO2layer increases from 2 to 50 nm, the electron energy tends to be lowered accompanying the electron transfer mode from tunneling for TiO2thin layers to type II for thick TiO2, leading to a decrease in CO2reduction selectivity. With an increase of the TiO2deposition temperature, the stability increases with a loss of conductivity. Cu2O coated with 2 nm TiO2at 150 °C is proven to be the optimized candidate in this work for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2to CO, HCOOH and CH3COOH under an applied bias of -0.4 versus RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Akbar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Abebe Reda Woldu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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10
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Lin G, Almakrami H, Emran H, Ruthen A, Hu J, Wei Z, Liu F. Enhanced Conversion Efficiency Enabled by Species Migration in Direct Solar Energy Storage. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1193-1200. [PMID: 33969587 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Solar energy can be stored via either an indirect route in which electricity is involved as an intermediate step, or a direct route that utilizes photogenerated charge carriers for direct solar energy conversion. In this study, we investigate the fundamental difference between the direct and indirect routes in solar energy conversion using a new photoelectrochemical energy storage cell (PESC) as a model device. This PESC centers on a liquid junction that utilizes CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite to drive photoelectrochemical reactions of Benzoquinone (BQ) and Ferrocene (Fc) redox species. The experimental studies show that the equilibrium redox potentials are 0.1 V and -0.78 V (vs Ag/AgNO3 ) for Fc+ /Fc and BQ/BQ.- , respectively, which would produce a theoretical open-circuit voltage of 0.88 V for the storage device. The physics-based computational analysis shows a relatively flat reaction rate distribution in the electrode for the indirect route; however, in the direct route the photoelectrochemical reaction rate is critically affected by electron concentration due to strong light absorption of the perovskite material, which has been shown to vary by at least 10-fold in the transverse direction across the photoelectrode. The drastic variation of reaction rate in the photoelectrode creates an electric field that is 7.5 times stronger than the bulk electrolyte, which causes the photo-converted reaction product (i. e., BQ.- ) to drift away from the photoelectrode thereby creating a constant reaction driving force. As a result, it has been shown that the intrinsic solar to chemical conversion (ISTC) efficiency improves by ∼40 % for the direct route compared to the indirect route at 0.05 mA/cm2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhou Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Husain Almakrami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Huzaifa Emran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Amar Ruthen
- Concord-Carlisle Regional High School, 120 Meriam Rd, Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Zi Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
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11
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Batrice RJ, Gordon JC. Powering the next industrial revolution: transitioning from nonrenewable energy to solar fuels via CO 2 reduction. RSC Adv 2020; 11:87-113. [PMID: 35423038 PMCID: PMC8691073 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar energy has been used for decades for the direct production of electricity in various industries and devices; however, harnessing and storing this energy in the form of chemical bonds has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuel combustion. The common feedstocks for producing such solar fuels are carbon dioxide and water, yet only the photoconversion of carbon dioxide presents the opportunity to generate liquid fuels capable of integrating into our existing infrastructure, while simultaneously removing atmospheric greenhouse gas pollution. This review presents recent advances in photochemical solar fuel production technology. Although efforts in this field have created an incredible number of methods to convert carbon dioxide into gaseous and liquid fuels, these can generally be classified under one of four categories based on how incident sunlight is utilised: solar concentration for thermoconversion (Category 1), transformation toward electroconversion (Category 2), natural photosynthesis for bioconversion (Category 3), and artificial photosynthesis for direct photoconversion (Category 4). Select examples of developments within each of these categories is presented, showing the state-of-the-art in the use of carbon dioxide as a suitable feedstock for solar fuel production. Solar energy has been used for decades for the direct production of electricity in various industries and devices. However, harnessing and storing this energy in the form of chemical bonds has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Batrice
- Chemistry Division, Inorganic, Isotope, and Actinide Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - John C Gordon
- Chemistry Division, Inorganic, Isotope, and Actinide Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
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12
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Research Progress in Conversion of CO 2 to Valuable Fuels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163653. [PMID: 32796612 PMCID: PMC7465062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth in the world's economy depends on a significant increase in energy consumption. As is known, most of the present energy supply comes from coal, oil, and natural gas. The overreliance on fossil energy brings serious environmental problems in addition to the scarcity of energy. One of the most concerning environmental problems is the large contribution to global warming because of the massive discharge of CO2 in the burning of fossil fuels. Therefore, many efforts have been made to resolve such issues. Among them, the preparation of valuable fuels or chemicals from greenhouse gas (CO2) has attracted great attention because it has made a promising step toward simultaneously resolving the environment and energy problems. This article reviews the current progress in CO2 conversion via different strategies, including thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, light-capturing agents including macrocycles with conjugated structures similar to chlorophyll have attracted increasing attention. Using such macrocycles as photosensitizers, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, or coupling with enzymatic reactions were conducted to fulfill the conversion of CO2 with high efficiency and specificity. Recent progress in enzyme coupled to photocatalysis and enzyme coupled to photoelectrocatalysis were specially reviewed in this review. Additionally, the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different conversion methods were also presented. We wish to provide certain constructive ideas for new investigators and deep insights into the research of CO2 conversion.
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13
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Kalamaras E, Wang H, Mercedes Maroto‐Valer M, Andresen JM, Xuan J. Theoretical Efficiency Limits of Photoelectrochemical CO
2
Reduction: A Route‐Dependent Thermodynamic Analysis. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:232-239. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Kalamaras
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS)Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - M. Mercedes Maroto‐Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS)Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - John M. Andresen
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS)Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom
| | - Jin Xuan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringLoughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU United Kingdom
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