1
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Du T, Zhang P, Jiao Z, Zhou J, Ding Y. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Activation and Transformation of CO 2. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400208. [PMID: 38607325 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to the serious ecological problems caused by the high CO2 content in the atmosphere, reducing atmospheric CO2 has attracted widespread attention from academia and governments. Among the many ways to mitigate CO2 concentration, the capture and comprehensive utilization of CO2 through chemical methods have obvious advantages, whose key is to develop suitable adsorbents and catalysts. Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are known to bind CO2 through the interaction between unquenched Lewis acid sites/Lewis base sites with the O/C of CO2, simultaneously achieving CO2 capture and activation, which render FLP better potential for CO2 utilization. However, how to construct efficient FLP targeted for CO2 utilization and the mechanism of CO2 activation have not been systematically reported. This review firstly provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the field of CO2 capture, activation, and transformation with the help of FLP, including the construction of homogeneous and heterogeneous FLPs, their interaction with CO2, reaction activity, and mechanism study. We also illustrated the challenges and opportunities faced in this field to shed light on the prospective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Yuxiao Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
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2
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Wu J, Niu J, Hou L, Cheng S, Xie R, Zhu N. Highly Efficient Thiolate-Based Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Reduction of CO 2: Selective N-Functionalization of Amines to Form N-Formamides and N-Methylamines. Chemistry 2024:e202304315. [PMID: 38581408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals is valuable for reducing carbon emissions. Herein, a kind of novel thiolate-based ionic liquid with sulfur as the active site was designed and synthesized, which served as highly efficient catalyst for the reductive N-functionalization of CO2 by amines and hydrosilane. By adjusting the CO2 pressure, various N-formamides and N-methylamines were selectively obtained in high yields. Remarkably, at the catalyst loading of 0.1 mol %, the N-formylation reaction of N-methylaniline exhibited an impressive turnover frequency (TOF) up to 600 h-1, which could be attributed to the roles of the ionic liquids in activating hydrosilane and amine. In addition, control experiments and NMR monitoring experiments provided evidence that the reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane yielded formoxysilane intermediates that subsequently reacted with amines to form N-formylated products. Alternatively, the formoxysilane intermediates could further react with hydrosilane and amine to produce 4-electron-reduced aminal products. These aminal products served as crucial intermediates in the N-methylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Junping Niu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Lu Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Siliu Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
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3
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Žáková A, Saha P, Paparakis A, Zábranský M, Gastelu G, Kukla J, Uranga JG, Hulla M. Hexacoordinated tin complexes catalyse imine hydrogenation with H 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3287-3290. [PMID: 38421350 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) hydrogenation catalysts predominantly use alkyl- and aryl-substituted Lewis acids (LA) that offer a limited number of combinations of substituents, limiting our ability to tune their properties and, ultimately, their reactivity. Nevertheless, main-group complexes have numerous ligands available for such purposes, which could enable us to broaden the range of FLP catalysis. Supporting this hypothesis, we demonstrate here that hexacoordinated tin complexes with Schiff base ligands catalyse imine hydrogenation via activation of H2(g). As shown by hydrogen-deuterium scrambling, [Sn(tBu2Salen)(OTf)2] activated H2(g) at 25 °C and 10 bar of H2. After tuning the ligands, we found that [Sn(Salen)Cl2] was the most efficient imine hydrogenation catalyst despite having the lowest activity in H2(g) activation. Moreover, various imines were hydrogenated in yields up to 98% thereby opening up opportunities for developing novel FLP hydrogenation catalysts based on hexacoordinated LA of main-group elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Žáková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pritha Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandros Paparakis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Zábranský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Gastelu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química Córdoba Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Jaroslav Kukla
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge G Uranga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química Córdoba Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Martin Hulla
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles, University Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic.
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4
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Matias IAS, Trzeciak AM, Pąchalska P, Ribeiro APC, Martins LMDRS. CO 2-Driven N-Formylation/N-Methylation of Amines Using C-Scorpionate Metal Complexes. Molecules 2024; 29:870. [PMID: 38398622 PMCID: PMC10892534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
C-scorpionate metal complexes, specifically, [NiCl2(tpm)]·3H2O, [CoCl2(tpm)]·3H2O and [PdCl2(tpm)] [tpm = hydrotris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane], were effective in the N-formylation and N-methylation of amines using carbon dioxide, as carbon source, in the presence of sodium borohydride. Various parameters were studied, including reaction time, temperature, solvent volume, presence of additives, and catalyst amount. These parameters were found to have a significant impact on the selectivity of the product. [NiCl2(tpm)]·3H2O exhibited good conversion at 80 °C, but its selectivity towards formamide decreased with prolonged reaction time. Increasing the amount of [NiCl2(tpm)]·3H2O, the selectivity changed. [PdCl2(tpm)] showed different selectivity compared to [NiCl2(tpm)]·3H2O, while [CoCl2(tpm)]·3H2O presented poor results. Monitoring the reaction course by 1H NMR revealed the presence of an intermediate species that influenced product formation. These results highlight the versatility and catalytic potential of C-scorpionate metal complexes in the N-formylation/N-methylation of amines in the catalytic system (NaBH4/MeCN/CO2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A. S. Matias
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenahria Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.A.S.M.); (A.P.C.R.)
| | - Anna M. Trzeciak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Paulina Pąchalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ana P. C. Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenahria Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.A.S.M.); (A.P.C.R.)
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenahria Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.A.S.M.); (A.P.C.R.)
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5
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Sun Y, Gao K. Aminoguanidine-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of o-Phenylenediamines with CO 2 in the Presence of Triethoxysilane. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37126855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An inexpensive and efficient aminoguanidine-catalyzed reductive cyclization of o-phenylenediamines with CO2 in the presence of triethoxysilane is described. Various functionalized benzimidazoles, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole were synthesized in high yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that formic acid as a cocatalyst promotes the cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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6
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Crown Ether as Organocatalyst for Reductive Upgrading of CO2 to N-Containing Benzoheterocyclics and N-Formamides. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Mamedov VA, Mamedova VL, Syakaev VV, Voronina JK, Mahrous EM, Khikmatova GZ, Korshin DE, Shamsutdinova LR, Rizvanov IK. Synthesis of 3-benzylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and 4-formyl-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones from 3-aryloxirane-2-carboxamides via 5-arylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-ones. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Wei X, Lu Q, Liu J, Ma L. Triethylamine Catalyzed Reductive CO
2
to Form N‐Formylation of Amines and Hydrazides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Zhi Wei
- Department of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 PR China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Department of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China. Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 PR China
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9
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Malunavar SS, Anchi A, Prabhala P, Kalkhambkar RG, Borosky GL, Laali KK. N-ethyltetramethylguanidinium ionic liquid [ETMG][EtSO3] as organocatalyst and solvent for facile amide synthesis by formyl-transfer with N-formyl-saccharin. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Zhai G, Liu Q, Ji J, Wu Y, Geng J, Hu X. Recyclable polymerized Lewis acid poly-BPh(C6F5)2 catalyzed selective N-formylation and N-methylation of amines with carbon dioxide and phenylsilanes. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Zhang Q, Hou J, Huang Y, Zhan LW, Li BD. Visible light-promoted synthesis of ureas and formamides from amines and CO 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4599-4602. [PMID: 35311867 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A divergent visible-light-induced Ph3P-promoted method for the synthesis of ureas and formamides from amines and CO2 is reported. Without external additions, a range of ureas could be directly accessed under ambient temperature and pressure. Using triisopropylsilanethiol as the hydrogen source, formamides could be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jing Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Le-Wu Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Bin-Dong Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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12
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Wang J, Li S, Wang Y, Feng X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Unsupported Nanoporous Palladium Catalyst for
N
‐Formylation of Amines Using CO
2
as a Sustainable C1 Source. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jixiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Shihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- Research Organization of Science and Technology Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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13
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Xiong F, Cheng Q, Dang Y, Gao K. A tandem reduction of primary amines, carbonyl compounds, CO 2, and boranes catalyzed by in situ formed frustrated Lewis pairs. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic system combining 2-aminothiazole and borane efficiently catalyzes a four-component tandem reductive coupling of primary amines, carbonyl compounds, boranes, and CO2 (1 atm) and a broad range of functionalized tertiary N-methylamines are synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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14
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Li X, Zhang J, Yang Y, Hong H, Han L, Zhu N. Reductive cyclization of o-phenylenediamine with CO2 and BH3NH3 to synthesize 1H-benzoimidazole derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Gao K. Borane-Trimethylamine Complex as a Reducing Agent for Selective Methylation and Formylation of Amines with CO 2. Org Lett 2021; 23:8282-8286. [PMID: 34622655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein that a borane-trimethylamine complex worked as an efficient reducing agent for the selective methylation and formylation of amines with 1 atm CO2 under metal-free conditions. 6-Amino-2-picoline serves as a highly efficient catalyst for the methylation of various secondary amines, whereas in its absence, the formylation of primary and secondary amines was achieved in high yield with high chemoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the 6-amino-2-picoline-borane catalytic system operates like an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair to activate CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Zhang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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16
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Li Z, Yang S, Li H. Sustainable catalyst-free N-formylation using CO2 as a carbon source. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:187-196. [PMID: 34719366 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666211022160149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of new sustainable catalytic conversion methods of carbon dioxide (CO2) is of great interest in the synthesis of valuable chemicals. N-formylation of CO2 with amine nucleophiles as substrates has been studied in depth. The key to benign formylation is to select a suitable reducing agent to activate CO2. This paper showcases the activation modes of CO2 and the construction strategies of sustainable and catalyst-free N-formylation systems. The research progress of catalyst-free N-formylation of amines and CO2 is reviewed. There are two broad prominent categories, namely reductive amidation of CO2 facilitated by organic solvents and ionic liquids in the presence of hydrosilane. Attention is also paid to discussing the involved reaction mechanism with practical applications and identifying the remaining challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, Guizhou. China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, Guizhou. China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, Guizhou. China
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17
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Catalyst-free hierarchical reduction of CO2 with BH3N(C2H5)3 for selective N-methylation and N-formylation of amines. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Kumar G, Roy S, Chatterjee I. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalyzed C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1230-1267. [PMID: 33481983 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of boron based Lewis acids have been reported to date, but among them, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) has gained the most significant attention in the synthetic chemistry community. The viability of BCF as a potential Lewis acid catalyst has been vastly explored in organic and materials chemistry due to its thermal stability and commercial availability. Most explorations of BCF chemistry in organic synthesis has occurred in the last two decades and many new catalytic reactivities are currently under investigation. This review mainly focuses on recent reports from 2018 onwards and provides a concise knowledge to the readers about the role of BCF in metal-free catalysis. The review has mainly been categorized by different types of organic transformation mediated through BCF catalysis for the C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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19
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Shen N, Zhai SJ, Cheung CW, Ma JA. Direct N-formylation of nitroarenes with CO 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9620-9623. [PMID: 32691036 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03098h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe a straightforward N-formylation of nitroarenes with CO2 to access N-aryl formamides exclusively in the presence of iron and hydrosilane as additives. This protocol showcases a good tolerance of a wide range of nitroarenes and nitroheteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.
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Phatake VV, Mishra AA, Bhanage BM. UiO-66 as an efficient catalyst for N-formylation of amines with CO2 and dimethylamine borane as a reducing agent. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rauch M, Strater Z, Parkin G. Selective Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde via a Bis(silyl)acetal: Incorporation of Isotopically Labeled C1 Moieties Derived from Carbon Dioxide into Organic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17754-17762. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zack Strater
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Hulla M, Dyson PJ. Pivotal Role of the Basic Character of Organic and Salt Catalysts in C−N Bond Forming Reactions of Amines with CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hulla
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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Hulla M, Dyson PJ. Pivotal Role of the Basic Character of Organic and Salt Catalysts in C-N Bond Forming Reactions of Amines with CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1002-1017. [PMID: 31364789 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalysts promote a range of C-N bond forming reactions of amines with CO2 . Herein, we review these reactions and attempt to identify the unifying features of the catalysts that allows them to promote a multitude of seemingly unrelated reactions. Analysis of the literature shows that these reactions predominantly proceed by carbamate salt formation in the form [BaseH][RR'NCOO]. The anion of the carbamate salt acts as a nucleophile in hydrosilane reductions of CO2 , internal cyclization reactions or after dehydration as an electrophile in the synthesis of urea derivatives. The reactions are enhanced by polar aprotic solvents and can be either promoted or hindered by H-bonding interactions. The predominant role of all types of organic and salt catalysts (including ionic liquids, ILs) is the stabilization of the carbamate salt, mostly by acting as a base. Catalytic enhancement depends on the combination of the amine, the base strength, the solvent, steric factors, ion pairing and H-bonding. A linear relationship between the base strength and the reaction yield has been demonstrated with IL catalysts in the synthesis of formamides and quinazoline-2,4-diones. The role of organocatalysts in the reactions indicates that all bases of sufficient strength should be able to catalyze the reactions. However, a physical limit to the extent of a purely base catalyzed reaction mechanism should exist, which needs to be identified, understood and overcome by synergistic or alternative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hulla
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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