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Wetzel O, Hosseini S, Loza K, Heggen M, Prymak O, Bayer P, Beuck C, Schaller T, Niemeyer F, Weidenthaler C, Epple M. Metal-Ligand Interface and Internal Structure of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles (2 nm). J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5645-5659. [PMID: 34029093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall silver nanoparticles were prepared by reduction with NaBH4 and surface-terminated with glutathione (GSH). The particles had a solid core diameter of 2 nm as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). NMR-DOSY gave a hydrodynamic diameter of 2 to 2.8 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that silver is bound to the thiol group of the central cysteine in glutathione under partial oxidation to silver(+I). In turn, the thiol group is deprotonated to thiolate. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) together with Rietveld refinement confirmed a twinned (polycrystalline) fcc structure of ultrasmall silver nanoparticles with a lattice compression of about 0.9% compared to bulk silver metal. By NMR spectroscopy, the interaction between the glutathione ligand and the silver surface was analyzed, also with 13C-labeled glutathione. The adsorbed glutathione is fully intact and binds to the silver surface via cysteine. In situ 1H NMR spectroscopy up to 85 °C in dispersion showed that the glutathione ligand did not detach from the surface of the silver nanoparticle, i.e. the silver-sulfur bond is remarkably strong. The ultrasmall nanoparticles had a higher cytotoxicity than bigger particles in in vitro cell culture with HeLa cells with a cytotoxic concentration of about 1 μg mL-1 after 24 h incubation. The overall stoichiometry of the nanoparticles was about Ag∼250GSH∼155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wetzel
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten Schaller
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Niemeyer
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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Zhou Y, Tong T, Jiang X, Fang L, Wu Y, Liang J, Xiao S. GSH-ZnS Nanoparticles Exhibit High-Efficiency and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activities via Multistep Inhibition Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4809-4819. [PMID: 35021727 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the good biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs), whether they possess antiviral activity is still unclear. Here, GSH-modified ZnS NPs (GSH-ZnS NPs) were synthesized and their significant antiviral activity was demonstrated using the Arteriviridae family RNA virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), as a model. Mechanistically, GSH-ZnS NPs were shown to reduce PRRSV-induced ROS production to prevent PRRSV multiplication, with no activating effect on the interferon (IFN) signal pathway, the first defense line against virus infection. Furthermore, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of GSH-ZnS NP-treated cells revealed the involvement of numerous crucial proteins in virus proliferation, with vitronectin (VTN) being confirmed as an efficient PRRSV antagonist here. Furthermore, GSH-ZnS NPs were found to have potent antiviral effects on the Herpesviridae family DNA virus, pseudorabies virus (PRV), the Coronaviridae family positive-sense RNA virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and the Rhabdoviridae family negative-stranded RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), indicating their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against viruses from different families with various genome types. Overall, GSH-ZnS NP is a prospective candidate for the development of antiviral nanomaterials and may serve as a model for investigation of potential host restriction factors in combination with proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ting Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiangong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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