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Gu J, Duan F, Liu S, Cha W, Lu J. Phase Engineering of Nanostructural Metallic Materials: Classification, Structures, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1247-1287. [PMID: 38259248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Metallic materials are usually composed of single phase or multiple phases, which refers to homogeneous regions with distinct types of the atom arrangement. The recent studies on nanostructured metallic materials provide a variety of promising approaches to engineer the phases at the nanoscale. Tailoring phase size, phase distribution, and introducing new structures via phase transformation contribute to the precise modification in deformation behaviors and electronic structures of nanostructural metallic materials. Therefore, phase engineering of nanostructured metallic materials is expected to pave an innovative way to develop materials with advanced mechanical and functional properties. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the engineering of heterogeneous nanophases and the fundamental understanding of nanophase formation for nanostructured metallic materials, including supra-nano-dual-phase materials, nanoprecipitation- and nanotwin-strengthened materials. We first review the thermodynamics and kinetics principles for the formation of the supra-nano-dual-phase structure, followed by a discussion on the deformation mechanism for structural metallic materials as well as the optimization in the electronic structure for electrocatalysis. Then, we demonstrate the origin, classification, and mechanical and functional properties of the metallic materials with the structural characteristics of dense nanoprecipitations or nanotwins. Finally, we summarize some potential research challenges in this field and provide a short perspective on the scientific implications of phase engineering for the design of next-generation advanced metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fenghui Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sida Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenhao Cha
- Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, No. 3, Binglang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Gong M, Wu W, Xie D, Richter NA, Li Q, Zhang Y, Xue S, Zhang X, Wang J. First-principles calculations for understanding microstructures and mechanical properties of co-sputtered Al alloys. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14987-15001. [PMID: 34533161 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental studies show that co-sputtering solutes with Al, together, can refine columnar grain size around few tens of nanometers and promote the formation and enhance the stability of planar defects such as stacking faults (SFs) and grain boundaries (GBs) in Al alloys. These crystal defects and fine columnar grains result in high strength, enhanced strain hardening and thermal stability of Al alloys. Using first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, we studied the role of eleven solutes in tailoring kinetics and energetics of adatoms and clusters on Al {111} surface, stable and unstable stacking fault energies, and kinetic energy barriers for the migration of defects. The calculations show that most solutes can effectively refine columnar grain size by decreasing the diffusivity of adatoms and surface clusters. These solutes do not necessarily decrease the stacking fault energy of Al alloys, but reduce the formation energy of faulted surface clusters and increase the energy barriers for the recovery of faulted surface clusters. Correspondingly, the formation of SFs is kinetically promoted during sputtering. Furthermore, solutes are segregated into the core of Shockley partial dislocations and play a pinning effect on SFs, SF arrays and twin boundaries, enhancing the thermal stability of these crystal defects. These findings provide insights into the design of high-strength Al alloys for high-temperature applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Gong
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Dongyue Xie
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Richter
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sichuang Xue
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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Chen Y, An X, Zhou Z, Ma J, Munroe P, Zhang S, Xie Z. Remarkable toughness of a nanostructured medium-entropy nitride compound. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15074-15084. [PMID: 34533548 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel medium-entropy nitride (MEN) - CrCoNiN doped with Al and Ti was prepared using magnetron sputtering. The new MEN possesses a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, offering a superior combination of hardness (∼21.2 GPa) and fracture toughness (∼4.53 MPa m1/2) that surpasses those of most of the conventional and high-entropy ceramics. The ultrahigh hardness value is attributed to a combined effect of lattice friction, solid solution, nanograin structure and compressive residual stress. The exceptional damage tolerance of the new nitride is underlain by the formation and operation of multiple steady shear bands and amorphization mediated by dislocation accumulations. The discovery of the deformation-induced amorphization and extensive shear banding in the MEN, in conjunction with the mechanistic understanding of the critical roles of high dislocation density and large lattice resistance in dislocation-mediated solid-state amorphization, opens up a new frontier for the development of damage-tolerant MPENs for application under extreme loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Xianghai An
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jisheng Ma
- Monash X-ray Platform and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sam Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zonghan Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Li Q, Xue S, Fan C, Richter NA, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhang X. Epitaxial nanotwinned metals and alloys: synthesis-twin structure–property relations. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent works of epitaxial nanotwinned metals and alloys with different stacking fault energies are reviewed to elaborate the relationship among synthesis conditions, intrinsic factors, twin structure and various properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 5004, USA
| | - Sichuang Xue
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Cuncai Fan
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Richter
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Youxing Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Zhang YF, Su R, Xie DY, Niu TJ, Xue S, Li Q, Shang Z, Ding J, Richter NA, Wang J, Wang H, Zhang X. Design of super-strong and thermally stable nanotwinned Al alloys via solute synergy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20491-20505. [PMID: 33026022 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Al alloys have widespread industrial applications. However, their mechanical strength is often much lower than steels. Here, we investigate the influence of solutes on achieving ultrahigh strength and thermal stability of nanotwinned Al alloys. In situ micropillar compression tests show the addition of a small amount of Ti can significantly increase the mechanical strength of Al-Ni alloys to 2 GPa. Deformation induced detwinning, Ni segregation and grain coarsening as discovered in binary Al-Ni alloys are mostly absent in the ternary Al-Ni-Ti alloys. Moreover, the ternary Al-Ni-Ti alloys have outstanding thermal stability. Density function theory calculations reveal the synergetic pinning effect of Ni-Ti solute pairs on incoherent twin boundaries. This study demonstrates that the proper selection of synergistic solute pairs is critical to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of nanotwinned Al alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - R Su
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - D Y Xie
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - T J Niu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - S Xue
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Q Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Z Shang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - J Ding
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - N A Richter
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jian Wang
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - H Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - X Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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