Aminocarbonylation using CO surrogates

Aminocarbonylation reactions play a critical role in the synthesis of amides. Traditional aminocarbonylation processes often rely on carbon monoxide (CO) gas, a highly toxic and challenging reagent to handle. Recent advancements in CO surrogates address these challenges. This review looks at the various CO substitutes used in aminocarbonylation reactions. These include metal carbonyls, acids, formates, chloroform, and others that release CO. Use of CO surrogates not only improves safety but also broadens the substrate scope and operational simplicity of the aminocarbonylation reactions. This review provides a summary of recent progress made in aminocarbonylation reactions using different CO surrogates. We discuss key methodologies, catalytic systems, and mechanistic insights, highlighting the efficiency and versatility of CO surrogates in amide bond formation.

Rhodium-catalysed additive-free carbonylation of benzamides with diethyl dicarbonate as a carbonyl source

Phthalimides are prevalent in numerous pharmaceuticals, prompting various phthalimide syntheses through C-H activation. Nevertheless, the necessity for stoichiometric additives limits their practicality and versatility. Herein, we introduced diethyl dicarbonate as a carbonyl source for an additive-free carbonylation of benzamides. This transformation signifies an operationally simple and CO-free phthalimide synthesis.

Palladium-catalyzed selective defluorinative arylation for the efficient stereospecific synthesis of (E)-β-fluoroacrylamides

A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of (E)-β-fluoroacrylamides was developed by the selective defluorinative arylation of trifluoropropanamides with arylboronic acids.

Beyond conventional construction of the phthalimide core: a review

This review highlights (2010–2021) different strategies for the construction of the phthalimide core apart from traditional synthetic routes.

Synthesis of Isoselenazoles and Isothiazoles from Demethoxylative Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Oxime Ethers

A general method for the synthesis of isoselenazoles and isothiazoles has been developed by the base-promoted demethoxylative cycloaddition of alkynyl oxime ethers using the cheap and inactive Se powder and Na₂S as selenium and sulfur sources. This transformation features the direct construction of N-, Se-, and S-containing heterocycles through the formation of N-Se/S and C-Se/S bonds in one-pot reactions with excellent functional group tolerance.

Copper-Catalyzed Selective Defluorinative Sulfuration of Trifluoropropanamides Leading to α-Fluorothioacrylamides

A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of α-fluorothioacrylamide was developed from selective defluorinative sulfuration of trifluoropropanamides with disulfides. The N-chelation-assisted copper-catalyzed defluorination and sulfurization reactions feature excellent functional group tolerance and incorporation of both sulfur atoms of disulfides into acrylamides.

Bidentate Directing Groups: An Efficient Tool in C-H Bond Functionalization Chemistry for the Expedient Construction of C-C Bonds

During the past decades, synthetic organic chemistry discovered that directing group assisted C-H activation is a key tool for the expedient and siteselective construction of C-C bonds. Among the various directing group strategies, bidentate directing groups are now recognized as one of the most efficient devices for the selective functionalization of certain positions due to fact that its metal center permits fine, tunable, and reversible coordination. The family of bidentate directing groups permit various types of assistance to be achieved, such as N,N-dentate, N,O-dentate, and N,S-dentate auxiliaries, which are categorized based on the coordination site. In this review, we broadly discuss various C-H bond functionalization reactions for the formation of C-C bonds with the aid of bidentate directing groups.

Controlled Release of Carbon Monoxide from a Pseudo Electron-Deficient Organometallic Complex

A 16-electron iridium organometallic is reacted with carbon monoxide to form an 18-electron CO-adduct. This CO-adduct is stable for weeks in the solid state, but quickly reverts to its parent 16-e complex in tetrahydrofuran solution, releasing CO_(g). Using a simple methodology, we show that this gas can subsequently be used to perform a carbonylation reaction on another molecule.