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Chen KQ, Zhang J, Sun DQ, Liu Q, Chen XY. N-heterocyclic nitrenium-catalyzed photosynthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles from α-chloroanilides. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:809-813. [PMID: 39655522 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
The radical cascade reaction of α-halogenated anilides represents an efficient approach for synthesizing 3,3-oxindoles. However, most methods have focused on α-bromoanilides, with limited utilization of the more stable and readily available α-chloroanilides. In addition, the transition-metal-free preparation of 3,3-oxindoles has been far less explored. Here, we present a photoreductive N-heterocyclic nitrenium-catalyzed radical cyclization reaction of α-chloroanilides for the construction of 3,3-oxindoles under transition-metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Quan Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology (Putian University), China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - De-Qun Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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Jin YH, Wang XP, Ning LW, Wang RJ, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen LY. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of 3-Fluorooxindole to Vinylidene Bisphosphonates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8435-8446. [PMID: 38843406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Both the 3-fluorooxindole and germinal bisphosphonate structural motifs are prevalent in bioactive molecules because of their associated biological activities. We describe an approach to accessing 3,3-disubstituted 3-fluorooxindoles bearing a geminal bisphosphate fragment through a highly enantioselective Michael addition reaction between 3-fluorooxindoles and vinylidene bisphosphonates. These reactions are catalyzed by a commercially available cinchona alkaloid catalyst, have a broad substrate scope concerning 3-fluorooxindoles, and provide the corresponding addition products in a yield of up to 95% with an enantiomeric excess of up to 95%. A reasonable reaction pathway to explain the observed stereochemistry is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hu Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li-Wen Ning
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ren-Jie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Youcan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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3
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Deeksha, Bittu, Singh R. Synthetic strategies for the construction of C3-fluorinated oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6456-6467. [PMID: 37531214 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
C3-fluorinated oxindoles are important scaffolds known to demonstrate various biological properties. As bio-isosteres of oxindoles, these compounds have shown tremendous potential in drug research discovery programs. Besides, they also serve as starting materials for synthesizing other fluorine-containing new architectures, thus launching research for developing new methods for their synthesis. Consequently, various approaches have been developed over the years to synthesize C3-fluorinated oxindoles. This review highlights the strategies developed to date to access C3-difluoro and monofluorooxindoles via intermolecular and intramolecular approaches. The key findings of the strategies developed are discussed along with the prevailing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
| | - Bittu
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
| | - Ritesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
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4
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Allylic substitution reactions with fluorinated nucleophiles. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu YL, Wang XP, Wei J, Li Y. Synthesis of oxindoles bearing a stereogenic 3-fluorinated carbon center from 3-fluorooxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:538-552. [PMID: 34935824 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
3,3-Disubstituted oxindoles bearing a stereogenic 3-fluorinated carbon center are privileged structural motifs present in many bioactive molecules. The straightforward functionalization of 3-fluorooxindoles constitutes a powerful method for the synthesis of 3-fully substituted 3-fluorooxindoles, taking advantage of the ease of preparation of 3-fluorooxindoles with different substitution patterns and the atom efficiency of chemical reactions. In the past decade, many papers have appeared on the synthesis of 3-fully substituted 3-fluorooxindoles from 3-fluorooxindoles. Importantly, many asymmetric catalytic methods have been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of these valuable compounds. This review summarizes the achievements in this area, and overviews synthetic opportunities that still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Jie Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Ya Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Dobah F, Mazodze CM, Petersen WF. Cross-Dehydrogenative Cyclization-Dimerization Cascade Sequence for the Synthesis of Symmetrical 3,3'-Bisoxindoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:5466-5470. [PMID: 34232674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of symmetrical 3,3'-bisoxindoles from simple acyclic β-oxoanilides is reported. The described method forges three new C-C bonds in a single step via a sequential Mn(OAc)3·2H2O mediated oxidative radical cyclization-fragmentation-dimerization process. The scope of this reaction is demonstrated in the preparation of a variety of 3,3'-bisoxindoles, as well as its application toward the formal synthesis of the Calycanthaceae alkaloid, (±)-folicanthine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhaan Dobah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - C Munashe Mazodze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Wade F Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
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Moreno-Cabrerizo C, Ortega-Martínez A, Esteruelas MA, López AM, Nájera C, Sansano JM. Deacylative Alkylation vs. Photoredox Catalysis in the Synthesis of 3,3'-Bioxindoles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moreno-Cabrerizo
- Department of Organic Chemistry; and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO); University of Alicante; PO Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada; ORFEO-CINQA; Spain
| | - Aitor Ortega-Martínez
- Department of Organic Chemistry; and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO); University of Alicante; PO Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada; ORFEO-CINQA; Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada; ORFEO-CINQA; Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada; ORFEO-CINQA; Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada; ORFEO-CINQA; Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Department of Organic Chemistry; and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO); University of Alicante; PO Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada; ORFEO-CINQA; Spain
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