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Selepe MA, Mthembu ST, Sonopo MS. Total synthesis of isoflavonoids. Nat Prod Rep 2025; 42:540-591. [PMID: 39932198 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Covering: 2012 to 2024Isoflavonoids are phenolic compounds with wide structural diversity and a plethora of biological activities. Owing to their structural variation and potential health-promoting and other benefits, they have been targeted for synthesis. Herein, we review the synthesis of natural isoflavonoids belonging to different classes that include isoflavones, isoflavanones, isoflavans, isoflavenes, pterocarpans, rotenoids, coumaronochromones, and coumestans. The synthetic methodologies employed and advancements in synthetic strategies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoalosi A Selepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Siyanda T Mthembu
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, P/Bag x 5008, Kimberley, 8300, South Africa
| | - Molahlehi S Sonopo
- Applied Radiation Department, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Ltd, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa
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2
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Zhang X, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang M. Asymmetric synthesis of chiral (thio)chromanes and exploration on their structure-activity relationship in macrophages. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30391-30400. [PMID: 37854489 PMCID: PMC10580023 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A CuCl/(R,R)-Ph-BPE-catalyzed enantioselective hydroallylation of 2H-chromenes and 2H-thiochromenes with allylic phosphate electrophiles is developed, which enables highly efficient and atom-economical asymmetric access to a series of 4-allyl chromanes and thiochromanes in high yields (up to 91%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). These valuable chiral chromane and thiochromane products can serve as crucial intermediates for accessing bioactive compounds containing oxygen and sulfur atoms. In addition, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of various chromanes and thiochromanes were investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The chromanes and thiochromanes exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These findings indicate that the newly synthesized chromanes and thiochromanes hold promise as potential lead compounds for the development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Biological Science, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong 999077 China
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Science, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
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3
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Kang B, Ikeda K. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), A Superior Mediator for Morita-Balylis-Hillman Reaction-Triggered Annulative Condensation of Salicylaldehydes and Acrylonitrile to Form 3-Cyano-2H-chromenes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:318-325. [PMID: 36805528 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
We unveiled superior base mediators for the annulative condensation of salicylaldehydes and acrylonitrile to give 3-cyano-2H-chromenes, which has been mediated only by 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) over the past two decades. The reactions were most efficiently mediated by 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), which yielded 3-cyano-2H-chromenes in higher yields than DABCO in most cases. We also confirmed that the reaction remained high yielding in a decagram-scale experiment with a catalytic amount of DMAP. The utility of this reaction was also exemplified by derivatization of an obtained 3-cyano-2H-chromene into a known 2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid, which was previously synthesized with a non-readily available reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubwoong Kang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Kaede Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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4
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Kang B, Oe T, Shimizu Y, Takikawa H. Syntheses of three 8-methoxyisoflavans from newly developed 7-benzyloxy-3-chloro-8-methoxy-2H-chromene as the precursor. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ankudinov NM, Chusov DA, Nelyubina YV, Perekalin DS. Synthesis of Rhodium Complexes with Chiral Diene Ligands via Diastereoselective Coordination and Their Application in the Asymmetric Insertion of Diazo Compounds into E-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18712-18720. [PMID: 34057807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of chiral diene rhodium catalysts is introduced. The readily available racemic tetrafluorobenzobarrelene complexes [(R2 -TFB)RhCl]2 were separated into two enantiomers via selective coordination of one of them with the auxiliary S-salicyl-oxazoline ligand. One of the resulting chiral complexes with an exceptionally bulky diene ligand [(R,R-iPr2 -TFB)RhCl]2 was an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric insertion of diazoesters into B-H and Si-H bonds giving the functionalized organoboranes and silanes with high yields (79-97 %) and enantiomeric purity (87-98 % ee). The stereoselectivity of separation via auxiliary ligand and that of the catalytic reaction was predicted by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M Ankudinov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A Chusov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Perekalin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., Moscow, Russia
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6
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Ankudinov NM, Chusov DA, Nelyubina YV, Perekalin DS. Synthesis of Rhodium Complexes with Chiral Diene Ligands via Diastereoselective Coordination and Their Application in the Asymmetric Insertion of Diazo Compounds into E−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M. Ankudinov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova str. Moscow Russia
| | - Denis A. Chusov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova str. Moscow Russia
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova str. Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Perekalin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilova str. Moscow Russia
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7
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Yabe R, Ebe Y, Nishimura T. Iridium-catalyzed stereoselective [3+2] annulation of α-oxocarboxylic acids with 1,3-dienes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5917-5920. [PMID: 34008643 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective annulation of α-oxocarboxylic acids with 1,3-dienes proceeded in the presence of a hydroxoiridium catalyst to give α-hydroxy-γ-lactones in good yields with high 3,5-trans relative stereochemistry. The use of a chiral diene ligand for a cationic iridium complex enabled asymmetric annulation with high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Ebe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Umeda M, Noguchi H, Nishimura T. Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Indane Derivatives by Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Arylboron Reagents to Substituted Indenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9597-9602. [PMID: 33296599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboron reagents to indene derivatives proceeded to give 2-arylindanes in good yields with high enantioselectivity. Deuterium-labeling experiments indicated that the present reaction involved a 1,4-Rh shift from an initially formed benzylrhodium to an arylrhodium intermediate before protonation leading to the corresponding addition product. The asymmetric addition was also successful for acenaphthylene, which has a similar skeleton to indene, where it was found that the benzylrhodium intermediate underwent direct protonation without the 1,4-Rh shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Umeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hikaru Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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9
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Chinnabattigalla S, Dakoju RK, Gedu S. Recent advances on the synthesis of flavans, isoflavans, and neoflavans. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Kishore Dakoju
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Satyanarayana Gedu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
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10
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Chang Z, Yao J, Dou X. Rhodium‐Catalysed Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Alkyl‐4
H
‐Chromenes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Chang
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People‘s Republic of China
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11
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Yang Q, Li S, Wang J(J. Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Chromanes by Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of 2
H
‐Chromenes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Sifeng Li
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jun (Joelle) Wang
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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12
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Xing J, Zhu W, Ye B, Lu T, Hayashi T, Dou X. Rhodium-Catalyzed Diverse Arylation of 2,5-Dihydrofuran: Controllable Divergent Synthesis via Four Pathways. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Xing
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bihai Ye
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tamio Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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