1
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Duan Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zeng F, Cheng L, Luo S. Asymmetric Electrochemical Alkenylation by Synergistic Chiral Primary Amine and Naphthalene Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025:e202505826. [PMID: 40243283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202505826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
External tuning of enamine intermediate has significantly expanded reaction space of typical aminocatalysis. Notwithstanding the progress of chemo- and photo-oxidation of enamine intermediate, electro-oxidation was left as a much less explored area, in stark contrast to the prosperous renaissance of electrochemistry in recent years. Challenges mainly come from the reactivity barrier as a consequence of heterogeneous electron transfer and subtle stereocontrol in ionic electrolyte solution under the influence of electric field. Herein, we report asymmetric α-alkenylation of carbonyl compounds using potassium alkenyl trifluoroborate as a model reaction to demonstrate the capability of primary amine catalysis under electrochemical conditions. By employing enamine redox mediator mapping (e-RM2) strategy, a new organic mediator, dimethoxyl naphthalene, was found to greatly enhance reactivity. Mechanistic studies uncover an ion-pair interaction between protonated aminocatalyst and anionic substrate that accounts for the exceptional enantioselectivity. This catalytic system demonstrates the best level of enantioselectivities in electro-oxidative enamine transformations so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Duan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanzhu Zeng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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2
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Yadav MK, Chowdhury S. Recent advances in the electrochemical functionalization of N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:506-545. [PMID: 39564858 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cores are of immense importance due to their high abundance in naturally occurring or synthetic molecules having wide applications in different fields of basic and applied sciences. The functionalities introduced in an N-heterocyclic core play an important role in regulating the physiochemical behavior of the particular N-heterocycles to alter their chemical and biological reactivity. Suitably functionalized N-heterocycles demonstrate their widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agronomy, materials sciences, synthetic chemistry, pigments, etc. During the last decade, electrochemistry has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic approaches by minimizing reagent uses and chemical waste. Synthetic chemists have extensively utilized the tool to functionalize N-heterocycles. This is evidenced by the appearance of more than a hundred methods on the topic over recent years, signifying the importance of the synthetic area. This review is focused on the accumulation of synthetic methods based on the electrochemical functionalization of N-heterocycles developed over the recent decade. Literature reports on the C-/N-H-functionalization and functional modifications of N-heterocycles that are accessible through the available search engines are included in the review. Relevant mechanistic details in support of the reported reactions are discussed to present a clear picture of the reaction pathways. The review aims to provide a clear picture of the possible pathways of electron transfer, the electrochemical behavior of different N-heterocyclic cores, functionalization reagents, and the chemical processes that occur during the electrochemical functionalization/modification of N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sushobhan Chowdhury
- University School of Automation and Robotics, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, East Delhi Campus, Patel Street, Vishwas Nagar Extension, Shahdara, Delhi-110032, India.
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3
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Krech A, Laktsevich-Iskryk M, Deil N, Fokin M, Kimm M, Ošeka M. Asymmetric cyclopropanation via an electro-organocatalytic cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:14026-14029. [PMID: 39463232 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc05092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
We report an iminium ion-promoted, asymmetric synthesis of cyclopropanes via an electrocatalytic, iodine-mediated ring closure. The mild, controlled electrochemical generation of electrophilic iodine species in catalytic quantities prevents organocatalyst deactivation, while also eliminating the need for halogenating reagents, thus simplifying traditional synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Krech
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Marharyta Laktsevich-Iskryk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Nora Deil
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Mihhail Fokin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Mariliis Kimm
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Maksim Ošeka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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4
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Arutiunov N, Zatsepilina AM, Aksenova AA, Aksenov NA, Aksenov DA, Leontiev AV, Aksenov AV. One-Pot Synthesis of N-Fused Quinolone-4 Tetracyclic Scaffolds from 2,2-Disubstituted Indolin-3-ones. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:45501-45517. [PMID: 39554462 PMCID: PMC11561625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c07691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
A cascade transformation of C2-quaternary indoxyls leading to an efficient assembly of complex (dihydro)indolo[1,2-a]quinolin-5-one ring systems is reported. The method involves the gram-scale preparation of 2-(2-aryl-3-oxoindolin-2-yl)-2-phenylacetonitriles which are then converted with methyl ketones to the corresponding 2-(2-oxo-2-aryl(alkyl)ethyl)-2-phenylindolin-3-ones. The latter can either be isolated with good yields (75-96%) or, in the case of o-nitroacetophenone, used in situ for further base-assisted intramolecular SNAr cyclization resulting in indoxyl-fused quinolone-4 hybrids (up to 95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai
A. Arutiunov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Anna M. Zatsepilina
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Anna A. Aksenova
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Leontiev
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
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5
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Yu LM, Chen H, Fang W, Cai R, Tao Y, Li Y, Dong H. Recent advances in oxidative dearomatization involving C-H bonds for constructing value-added oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7074-7091. [PMID: 39157861 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Exploring three-dimensional chemical space is an important research objective of organic synthetic chemistry. Oxidative dearomatization (ODA) is one of the most important and powerful tools for realizing this goal, because it changes and removes aromatic structures from aromatic compounds to increase levels of saturation and stereoisomerism by direct addition reactions between functional groups with aromatic cores under oxidative conditions. As a hot topic in indole chemistry, the synthetic value of the oxidative dearomatization of indoles has been well recognized and has witnessed rapid development recently, since it could provide convenient and unprecedented access to fabricate high-value-added three-dimensional oxindole skeletons, such as C-quaternary indolones, polycycloindolones and spiroindolones, and be widely applied to the total synthesis of these oxindole alkaloids. Therefore, this article provides a review of recent developments in oxidative dearomatization involving the C-H bonds of indoles. In this article, the features and mechanisms of different types of ODA reactions of indoles are summarized and represented, and asymmetric synthesis methods and their applications are illustrated with examples, and future development trends in this field are predicted at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Mao Yu
- College of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Green Pharmaceuticals and Processes Research Centre, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haojin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ruonan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Huaping Dong
- Green Pharmaceuticals and Processes Research Centre, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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6
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Wei SQ, Li ZH, Wang SH, Chen H, Wang XY, Gu YZ, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ding TM, Zhang SY, Tu YQ. Asymmetric Intramolecular Amination Catalyzed with Cp*Ir-SPDO via Nitrene Transfer for Synthesis of Spiro-Quaternary Indolinone. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18841-18847. [PMID: 38975938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
An asymmetric intramolecular spiro-amination to high steric hindering α-C-H bond of 1,3-dicarbonyl via nitrene transfer using inactive aryl azides has been carried out by developing a novel Cp*Ir(III)-SPDO (spiro-pyrrolidine oxazoline) catalyst, thereby enabling the first successful construction of structurally rigid spiro-quaternary indolinone cores with moderate to high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. DFT computations support the presence of double bridging H-F bonds between [SbF6]- and both the ligand and substrate, which favors the plane-differentiation of the enol π-bond for nitrenoid attacking. These findings open up numerous opportunities for the development of new asymmetric nitrene transfer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Shuang-Hu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Hua Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Cent of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Yun-Zhou Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Cent of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tong-Mei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Mazzarella D, Qi C, Vanzella M, Sartorel A, Pelosi G, Dell'Amico L. Electrochemical Asymmetric Radical Functionalization of Aldehydes Enabled by a Redox Shuttle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401361. [PMID: 38623693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Aminocatalysis is a well-established tool that enables the production of enantioenriched compounds under mild conditions. Its versatility is underscored by its seamless integration with various synthetic approaches. While the combination of aminocatalysis with metal catalysis, photochemistry, and stoichiometric oxidants has been extensively explored, its synergy with electrochemical activation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present the successful merger of electrochemistry and aminocatalysis to perform SOMO-type transformations, expanding the toolkit for asymmetric electrochemical synthesis. The methodology harnesses electricity to drive the oxidation of catalytically generated enamines, which ultimately partake in enantioselective radical processes, leading to α-alkylated aldehydes. Crucially, mechanistic studies highlight how this electrochemical strategy is enabled by the use of a redox shuttle, 4,4'-dimethoxybiphenyl, to prevent catalyst degradation and furnishing the coveted compounds in good yield and high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mazzarella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Chun Qi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Vanzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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8
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Zhuang W, Xiao F, Chen Y, Zhang X, Huang Q. Cascade Electrochemical Aerobic Oxygenation of 2-Substituted Indoles and Electrochemical [5 + 3] Annulation with Amidines: Access to Eight-Membered Benzo[1,3,5]triazocin-6(5 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4673-4683. [PMID: 38478890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The cascade electrochemical C3-selective aerobic oxygenation of 2-substituted indoles and electrochemical [5 + 3] annulation with amidines through an undivided cell galvanostatic method employing molecular oxygen and "electricity" as green oxidants was developed. This protocol provides an efficient and direct approach to eight-membered benzo[1,3,5]triazocin-6(5H)-ones. Mechanistic studies suggested that two subsequent electrochemical processes both proceeded through radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Fengyi Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
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9
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Wang WB, Lu JC, Bai H, Fu YM, Cheng LJ, Zhu CF, Li YG, Wu X. Gold/Chiral Amine Relay Catalysis Enables Asymmetric Synthesis of C2-Quaternary Indolin-3-ones. Org Lett 2024; 26:1792-1796. [PMID: 38415597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A mild and effective strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones from 2-alkynyl arylazides and ketones by gold/chiral amine relay catalysis is described. In this reaction, 2-alkynyl arylazides undergo gold-catalyzed cyclization, nucleophilic attack, and oxidation to form intermediate 2-phenyl-3H-indol-3-ones, followed by an l-proline-catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction with ketones, to afford corresponding products in satisfactory yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ji-Chao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yan-Ming Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lan-Jun Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - You-Gui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
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10
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Abstract
Electrochemistry has emerged as a powerful means to enable redox transformations in modern chemical synthesis. This tutorial review delves into the unique advantages of electrochemistry in the context of asymmetric catalysis. While electrochemistry has historically been used as a green and mild alternative for established enantioselective transformations, in recent years asymmetric electrocatalysis has been increasingly employed in the discovery of novel asymmetric methodologies based on reaction mechanisms unique to electrochemistry. This tutorial review first provides a brief tutorial introduction to electrosynthesis, then explores case studies on homogenous small molecule asymmetric electrocatalysis. Each case study serves to highlight a key advance in the field, starting with the historic electrification of known asymmetric transformations and culminating with modern methods relying on unique electrochemical mechanistic sequences. Finally, we highlight case studies in the emerging reasearch areas at the interface of asymmetric electrocatalysis with biocatalysis and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Samson B Zacate
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kaining Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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11
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Wang YZ, Wang ZH, Eshel IL, Sun B, Liu D, Gu YC, Milo A, Mei TS. Nickel/biimidazole-catalyzed electrochemical enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with aryl iodides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2322. [PMID: 37087477 PMCID: PMC10122672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report an asymmetric electrochemical organonickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with aryl iodides in an undivided cell, affording β-phenethylamines in good to excellent enantioselectivity with broad functional group tolerance. The combination of cyclic voltammetry analysis of the catalyst reduction potential as well as an electrode potential study provides a convenient route for reaction optimization. Overall, the high efficiency of this method is credited to the electroreduction-mediated turnover of the nickel catalyst instead of a metal reductant-mediated turnover. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical pathway is involved in the ring opening of aziridines. The statistical analysis serves to compare the different design requirements for photochemically and electrochemically mediated reactions under this type of mechanistic manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Inbal L Eshel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RE42 6EY, UK
| | - Anat Milo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Yuan H, Ji M, Xue H, Chen H, Zhang Y. Understanding the hydration of arylacetylenes to synthesize the carbonyl compounds via electroreduction of bromide intermediates. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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13
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Tan X, Wang Q, Sun J. Electricity-driven asymmetric bromocyclization enabled by chiral phosphate anion phase-transfer catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:357. [PMID: 36690612 PMCID: PMC9870882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Electricity-driven asymmetric catalysis is an emerging powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, asymmetric induction so far has mainly relied on forming strong bonds with a chiral catalyst. Asymmetry induced by weak interactions with a chiral catalyst in an electrochemical medium remains challenging due to compatibility issues related to solvent polarity, electrolyte interference, etc. Enabled by a properly designed phase-transfer strategy, here we have achieved two efficient electricity-driven catalytic asymmetric bromocyclization processes induced by weak ion-pairing interaction. The combined use of a phase-transfer catalyst and a chiral phosphate catalyst, together with NaBr as the bromine source, constitutes the key advantages over the conventional chemical oxidation approach. Synergy over multiple events, including anodic oxidation, ion exchange, phase transfer, asymmetric bromination, and inhibition of Br2 decomposition by NaHCO3, proved critical to the success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Tan
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.495521.eHKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, 518057 Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingli Wang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.510951.90000 0004 7775 6738Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518107 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.495521.eHKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, 518057 Shenzhen, China
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14
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Malakar CC, Dell'Amico L, Zhang W. Dual Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: Current Challenges and New Trends. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Langol Imphal 795004 Manipur India
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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15
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Verma R, Jindal P, Prasad J, Kothari SL, Lamba NP, Dandia A, Khangarot RK, Chauhan MS. Recent Trends in Photocatalytic Enantioselective Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:48. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Liu D, Liu ZR, Wang ZH, Ma C, Herbert S, Schirok H, Mei TS. Paired electrolysis-enabled nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling between α-chloroesters and aryl bromides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7318. [PMID: 36443306 PMCID: PMC9705544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical asymmetric catalysis has emerged as a sustainable and promising approach to the production of chiral compounds and the utilization of both the anode and cathode as working electrodes would provide a unique approach for organic synthesis. However, precise matching of the rate and electric potential of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction make such idealized electrolysis difficult to achieve. Herein, asymmetric cross-coupling between α-chloroesters and aryl bromides is probed as a model reaction, wherein alkyl radicals are generated from the α-chloroesters through a sequential oxidative electron transfer process at the anode, while the nickel catalyst is reduced to a lower oxidation state at the cathode. Radical clock studies, cyclic voltammetry analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments support the synergistic involvement of anodic and cathodic redox events. This electrolytic method provides an alternative avenue for asymmetric catalysis that could find significant utility in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon Herbert
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schirok
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Nagare YK, Shah IA, Yadav J, Pawar AP, Rangan K, Choudhary R, Iype E, Kumar I. Electrochemical Oxidative Addition of Nucleophiles on 2-Arylindoles: Synthesis of C2-Heteroquaternary Indolin-3-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15771-15782. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Kacharu Nagare
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jyothi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amol Prakash Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | | | - Eldhose Iype
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
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18
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Del Vecchio A, Sinibaldi A, Nori V, Giorgianni G, Di Carmine G, Pesciaioli F. Synergistic Strategies in Aminocatalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200818. [PMID: 35666172 PMCID: PMC9539941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic catalysis offers the unique possibility of simultaneous activation of both the nucleophile and the electrophile in a reaction. A requirement for this strategy is the stability of the active species towards the reaction conditions and the two concerted catalytic cycles. Since the beginning of the century, aminocatalysis has been established as a platform for the stereoselective activation of carbonyl compounds through HOMO-raising or LUMO-lowering. The burgeoning era of aminocatalysis has been driven by a deep understanding of these activation and stereoinduction modes, thanks to the introduction of versatile and privileged chiral amines. The aim of this review is to cover recent developments in synergistic strategies involving aminocatalysis in combination with organo-, metal-, photo-, and electro-catalysis, focusing on the evolution of privileged aminocatalysts architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Vecchio
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Arianna Sinibaldi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Valeria Nori
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Giuliana Giorgianni
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences Università degli Studi di FerraraVia Fossato di Mortara 1744121FerraraItaly
| | - Fabio Pesciaioli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
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19
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Liu L, Xu Z, Liu T, Xu C, Zhang W, Hua X, Ling F, Zhong W. Electrosynthesis of 2-Substituted Benzoxazoles via Intramolecular Shono-Type Oxidative Coupling of Glycine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11379-11386. [PMID: 35951541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an atom-economical and eco-friendly electrochemical oxidation/cyclization of glycine derivatives through intramolecular Shono-type oxidative coupling is disclosed, leading to a variety of 2-substituted benzoxazoles in 51-85% yields. This oxidative cyclization proceeded in transition metal- and oxidant-free conditions and generated H2 as only a byproduct. Additionally, gram-scale reactions and a broad substrate scope demonstrated the synthetic usefulness of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangqin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqi Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihui Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xiong T, Zhou X, Jiang J. Dearomative oxyphosphorylation of indoles enables facile access to 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5721-5725. [PMID: 35842851 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient oxidative dearomatization of indoles with H-phosphorus oxides in the presence of TEMPO oxoammonium salt has been demonstrated. Through the intramolecular oxidative dearomatization of indoles and subsequent intermolecular nucleophilic addition with phosphorus nucleophile, a variety of structurally diverse arylphosphoryl and alkylphosphoryl indolin-3-ones were obtained in good yields with a broad substrate scope and high functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Xingcui Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
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21
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Long C, Cao H, Zhao B, Tan Y, He Y, Huang C, Guan Z. Merging the Non‐Natural Catalytic Activity of Lipase and Electrosynthesis: Asymmetric Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Amines with Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203666. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Jiu Long
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Huan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ben‐Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yu‐Fang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yan‐Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chu‐Sheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University Nanning 530001 China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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22
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Fan H, Xu Y, Yang F, Xu S, Zhao X, Zhang X. PPh
3
‐Mediated Wittig‐Like/Mannich Tandem Reactions of 2‐Alkynylnitrobenzenes with Ketones for the Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Indolin‐3‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechun Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
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23
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Hussain Y, Sharma D, Kotwal N, Kumar I, Chauhan P. Stereoselective Oxidative Mannich Reaction of Ketones with Dihydrodibenzo-Oxazepines via a Merger of Photoredox-/Electro-Catalysis with Organocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200415. [PMID: 35343096 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An enantio- and diastereoselective sp3 -sp3 coupling of acyclic/cyclic ketones with dihydrodibenzo-oxazepines has been developed by merging visible light photo-redox- or electro-catalysis with organocatalysis. This approach parallelly utilizes Eosin Y or graphite electrodes for the co-catalyst-free oxidative conversion of dihydrodibenzo-oxazepines to oxazepines, followed by L-Proline catalyzed direct Mannich-type reaction with ketones. A series of enantioenriched dihydrodibenzo-oxazepines have been prepared in high yields and enantioselectivity. This method shows substantial advantages over the existing protocols by using potentially safer starting materials and cheap commercially available catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221, J&K, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221, J&K, India
| | - Namrata Kotwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221, J&K, India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221, J&K, India
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24
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Long CJ, Cao H, Zhao BK, Tan YF, He YH, Huang CS, Guan Z. Merging the Non‐Natural Catalytic Activity of Lipase and Electrosynthesis: Asymmetric Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Amines with Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiu Long
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Huan Cao
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ben-Kun Zhao
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yu-Fang Tan
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chu-Sheng Huang
- Guangxi Teachers Education University: Nanning Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi Guan
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering No. 1, Tiansheng Rd. 400715 Chongqing CHINA
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25
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Long CJ, He YH, Guan Z. Asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions promoted by photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2544-2561. [PMID: 35266948 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric Mannich reaction is an essential method in contemporary organic chemistry. As a representative of clean and green synthesis methods, photochemical and electrochemical oxidation strategies have re-emerged in recent years, providing new ideas for asymmetric Mannich reactions. Numerous chiral β-amino carbonyl compounds have been accessed in satisfactory yields with excellent enantioselectivity via such novel asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions. This minireview highlights plentiful advances in asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions that rely on photoredox or anodic-oxidation and covers the literature from 2014 to date. Furthermore, the future development of this field is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiu Long
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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26
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Zhao Y, An J, Yang F, Guan X, Fu X, Li Z, Wang D, Zhou M, Yang Y, He B. One‐Pot Asymmetric Oxidative Dearomatization of 2‐Substituted Indoles by Merging Transition Metal Catalysis with Organocatalysis to Access C2‐Tetrasubstituted Indolin‐3‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
| | - Jian‐Xiong An
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
| | - Fen‐Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
| | - Xiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Zhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
| | - Zong‐Qin Li
- Department of Neurology Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital Mianyang 621000 P.R. China
| | - Da‐Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Ministry of Education Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants School of Pharmacy and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education) Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P.R. China
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27
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An JX, Yang FF, Wang P, Gu ZC, Li Y, Chen L, Zhao YL, He B. A solid-supported organocatalyst for asymmetric Mannich reaction to construct C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7040-7045. [PMID: 35424681 PMCID: PMC8982289 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and novel solid-supported organocatalyst from a 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin-immobilized 4-hydroxyproline was developed, and this organocatalyst has been used for the asymmetric Mannich reaction of 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones and aldehydes/ketones. A series of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones were prepared in good yields (up to 83%) and with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 20 : 1) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). In addition, the organocatalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and also be reused for the asymmetric Mannich reaction without significant loss of catalytic efficiency. A simple and novel solid-supported organocatalyst from a 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin-immobilized 4-hydroxyproline was developed, which has been used for the asymmetric Mannich reaction of 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones and aldehydes/ketones.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiong An
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine, TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen-Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine, TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine, TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine, TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine, TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine, TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine, TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
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28
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Yamashiro T, Abe T, Sawada D. Synthesis of 2-monosubstituted indolin-3-ones by cine-substitution of 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the formal cine-substitution/hydrolysis of 3-azidoindole intermediates generated from 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines (AZINs). This protocol enables the introduction of both various carboxylic acid and alcohol into indolin-3-ones at the C2-position,...
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29
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Li Y, Xu J, He LJ, Luo YF, Meng JP, Tang DY, Li HY, Chen ZZ, Xu ZG. Dieckmann Condensation of Ugi N-Acylamino Amide Product: Facile Access to Functionalized 2,2-Disubstituted Indolin-3-ones. J Org Chem 2021; 87:823-834. [PMID: 34918940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structurally unique 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones with a quaternary carbon center have been constructed through a novel C-C bond formation at the C3 position of Ugi N-acylamino amide adducts employing an organic base-mediated Dieckmann condensation. This facile, flexible protocol can be fine-tuned to construct drug-like pyrazino[1,2-a]indole fragments with the same quaternary carbon center only through the variation of the acid part in Ugi input. This novel and expeditious methodology has a broad scope and can rapidly generate the drug-like indolin-3-one core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Liu-Jun He
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ya-Fei Luo
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Meng
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Dian-Yong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Zhong-Zhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, China
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30
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Liu W, Yang Y, Yang X, Peng YL, Cheng P, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Template-Directed Fabrication of Highly Efficient Metal-Organic Framework Photocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58619-58629. [PMID: 34860488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a powerful and versatile tool widely applied in the areas of synthesis chemistry. However, most of the photocatalysts currently used are homogeneous catalysts, which inevitably face issues such as product-catalyst separation and recyclability. Addressing this challenge, we utilized a homogeneous Ru photocatalyst as a structure-directing template to fabricate a series of isostructural photocatalyst-encapsulating metal-organic frameworks (photocatalyst@MOFs) with high porosity, robustness, and photocatalyst loading. The regular channels of MOF can disperse the encapsulated photocatalysts, promote the mass transfer of substrates and products, and provide an outstanding substrate confinement effect, thereby dramatically improving the catalytic activity and excellent recyclability toward valuable organic reactions. For instance, the MOF photocatalysts can catalyze the asymmetric Mannich reaction with ketones with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee), better than the reported photocatalyst. Significantly, this was the first case that heterogeneous MOF-based photocatalyst can catalyze the asymmetric Mannich reaction without cocatalysts under room temperature and visible light. This work not only explores an avenue to prepare heterogeneous photocatalysts but also broadens the application scope of MOF-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansheng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yun-Lei Peng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Yadav J, Dolas AJ, Iype E, Rangan K, Ohshita J, Kumar D, Kumar I. Asymmetric Synthesis of Bridged N-Heterocycles with Tertiary Carbon Center through Barbas Dienamine-Catalysis: Scope and Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17213-17225. [PMID: 34743517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A direct aza-Diels-Alder reaction between 2-aryl-3H-indolin-3-ones and cyclic-enones has been developed to access chiral indolin-3-one fused polycyclic bridged compounds. This method proceeds via proline-catalyzed Barbas-dienamine intermediate formation from various cyclic-enones such as 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-cyclohexene-1-one, and 2-cycloheptene-1-one, followed by a reaction with 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones. Several indolin-3-ones fusing [2.2.2], [2.2.1], and [3.2.1] skeletons decorated with a tertiary carbon chiral center have been prepared. Computational studies (DFT) supported the observed stereoselectivity in the method. The synthesized compounds have shown exciting photophysical activities and selective sensing of Pd2+ and Fe3+ ions through the fluorescence quenching "switch-off" mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atul Jankiram Dolas
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Eldhose Iype
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Dubai Campus, Dubai 345055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
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Wang ZH, Gao PS, Wang X, Gao JQ, Xu XT, He Z, Ma C, Mei TS. TEMPO-Enabled Electrochemical Enantioselective Oxidative Coupling of Secondary Acyclic Amines with Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15599-15605. [PMID: 34533943 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical asymmetric coupling of secondary acyclic amines with ketones via a Shono-type oxidation has been described, affording the corresponding amino acid derivatives with good to excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The addition of an N-oxyl radical as a redox mediator could selectively oxidize the substrate rather than the product, although their oxidation potential difference is subtle (about 13 mV). This electrochemical transformation proceeds in the absence of stoichiometric additives, including metals, oxidants, and electrolytes, which gives it good functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies suggest that proton-mediated racemization of the product is prevented by the reduction of protons at the cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Sen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Qing Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng He
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Tang C, Qiu X, Cheng Z, Jiao N. Molecular oxygen-mediated oxygenation reactions involving radicals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8067-8101. [PMID: 34095935 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00242b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen as a green, non-toxic and inexpensive oxidant has displayed lots of advantages compared with other oxidants towards more selective, sustainable, and environmentally benign organic transformations. The oxygenation reactions which employ molecular oxygen or ambient air as both an oxidant and an oxygen source provide an efficient route to the synthesis of oxygen-containing compounds, and have been demonstrated in practical applications such as pharmaceutical synthesis and late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. This review article introduces the recent advances of radical processes in molecular oxygen-mediated oxygenation reactions. Reaction scopes, limitations and mechanisms are discussed based on reaction types and catalytic systems. Conclusions and perspectives are also given in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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35
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Huang Y, Li J, Li S, Ma J. Cobalt-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dearomatization of 2-Aryl Indoles and in situ [3+2] Annulation with Enamides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Rostoll‐Berenguer J, Blay G, Pedro JR, Vila C. Asymmetric Oxidative Mannich Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Rostoll‐Berenguer
- Departament de Química Orgànica Facultat de Química Universitat de València Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica Facultat de Química Universitat de València Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica Facultat de Química Universitat de València Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica Facultat de Química Universitat de València Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
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Chang X, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Guo C. Merging Electrosynthesis and Bifunctional Squaramide Catalysis in the Asymmetric Detrifluoroacetylative Alkylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18500-18504. [PMID: 32652737 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective bifunctional squaramide-catalyzed detrifluoroacetylative alkylation reaction has been developed under electrochemical conditions. The unified strategy based on this key tandem methodology has been divergently explored for the asymmetric synthesis of fluorine-containing target molecules with good stereocontrol (up to 95 % ee). Furthermore, this asymmetric catalytic reaction combines the benefits of electrosynthesis and organocatalysis for the preparation of biologically relevant products containing C-F tertiary stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Chang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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38
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Phillips AMF, Pombeiro AJL. Electrochemical asymmetric synthesis of biologically active substances. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7026-7055. [PMID: 32909570 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrically driven oxidation and reduction reactions are well-established methods for synthesis even in the chemical industry, but asymmetric versions are still few. The mild conditions used, atom efficiency and low cost make these reactions a very attractive alternative to other methods of synthesis. Very fine tuning can be achieved based on minute changes in potentials, allowing only one functional group in a molecule to react in the presence of several others, which is ideal for applications in total synthesis. In this review, the literature in the field of asymmetric synthesis of biologically active substances over the last 10 years is surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Faisca Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Abstract
The renewed interest in electrosynthesis demonstrated by organic chemists in the last years has allowed for rapid development of new methodologies. In this review, advances in enantioselective electrosynthesis that rely on catalytic amounts of organic or metal-based chiral mediators are highlighted with focus on the most recent developments up to July 2020. Examples of C-H functionalization, alkene functionalization, carboxylation and cross-electrophile couplings are discussed, along with their related mechanistic aspects.
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40
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Chang X, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Guo C. Merging Electrosynthesis and Bifunctional Squaramide Catalysis in the Asymmetric Detrifluoroacetylative Alkylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Chang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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Li L, Li Y, Fu N, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Electrochemical α‐Arylation of Cyclic β‐Ketocarbonyls with Anodic Benzyne Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14347-14351. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longji Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yao Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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42
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Li L, Li Y, Fu N, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Electrochemical α‐Arylation of Cyclic β‐Ketocarbonyls with Anodic Benzyne Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longji Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yao Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Dong CL, Ding X, Huang LQ, He YH, Guan Z. Merging Visible Light Photocatalysis and l-/d-Proline Catalysis: Direct Asymmetric Oxidative Dearomatization of 2-Arylindoles To Access C2-Quaternary Indolin-3-ones. Org Lett 2020; 22:1076-1080. [PMID: 31975600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A mild and effective method for asymmetric synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones directly from 2-arylindoles by combining visible light photocatalysis and organocatalysis is described. In this reaction, 2-substituted indoles undergo photocatalyzed oxidative dearomatization, followed by an organocatalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction with ketones or aldehydes. Products with opposite configurations are easily obtained in satisfactory yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity by employing readily available l- and d-proline as chiral organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Yunnan 666100 , China
| | - Lan-Qian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
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Yan X, Tang YD, Jiang CS, Liu X, Zhang H. Oxidative Dearomative Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Indoles with Diverse C-H Nucleophiles: Efficient Approach to 2,2-Disubstituted Indolin-3-ones. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25020419. [PMID: 31968572 PMCID: PMC7024378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative, dearomative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of indoles with various C-H nucleophiles is developed. This process features a broad substrate scope with respect to both indoles and nucleophiles, affording structurally diverse 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones in high yields (up to 99%). The oxidative dimerization and trimerization of indoles has also been demonstrated under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ying-De Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xigong Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (H.Z.)
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