1
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Bradley D, Sarpaki S, Mirabello V, Giuffrida SG, Kociok-Köhn GI, Calatayud DG, Pascu SI. Shedding light on the use of graphene oxide-thiosemicarbazone hybrids towards the rapid immobilisation of methylene blue and functional coumarins. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:2287-2305. [PMID: 38694476 PMCID: PMC11059481 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01042b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Coumarins, methylene blue derivatives, as well as related functional organic dyes have become prevalent tools in life sciences and biomedicine. Their intense blue fluorescence emission makes them ideal agents for a range of applications, yet an unwanted facet of the interesting biological properties of such probes presents a simultaneous environmental threat due to inherent toxicity and persistence in aqueous media. As such, significant research efforts now ought to focus on their removal from the environment, and the sustainable trapping onto widely available, water dispersible and processable adsorbent structures such as graphene oxides could be advantageous. Additionally, flat and aromatic bis(thiosemicarbazones) (BTSCs) have shown biocompatibility and chemotherapeutic potential, as well as intrinsic fluorescence, hence traceability in the environment and in living systems. A new palette of graphene oxide-based hierarchical supramolecular materials incorporating BTSCs were prepared, characterised, and reported hereby. We report on the supramolecular entrapping of several flat, aromatic fluorogenic molecules onto graphene oxide on basis of non-covalent interactions, by virtue of their structural features with potential to form aromatic stacks and H-bonds. The evaluations of the binding interactions in solution by between organic dyes (methylene blue and functional coumarins) and new graphene oxide-anchored Zn(ii) derivatised bis(thiosemicarbazones) nanohybrids were carried out by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bradley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Rd. BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | - Sophia Sarpaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Rd. BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | - Vincenzo Mirabello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Rd. BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | | | | | - David G Calatayud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Rd. BA2 7AY Bath UK
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco, Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Rd. BA2 7AY Bath UK
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2
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Calatayud DG, Lledos M, Casarsa F, Pascu SI. Functional Diversity in Radiolabeled Nanoceramics and Related Biomaterials for the Multimodal Imaging of Tumors. ACS Bio Med Chem Au 2023; 3:389-417. [PMID: 37876497 PMCID: PMC10591303 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology advances have the potential to assist toward the earlier detection of diseases, giving increased accuracy for diagnosis and helping to personalize treatments, especially in the case of noncommunicative diseases (NCDs) such as cancer. The main advantage of nanoparticles, the scaffolds underpinning nanomedicine, is their potential to present multifunctionality: synthetic nanoplatforms for nanomedicines can be tailored to support a range of biomedical imaging modalities of relevance for clinical practice, such as, for example, optical imaging, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). A single nanoparticle has the potential to incorporate myriads of contrast agent units or imaging tracers, encapsulate, and/or be conjugated to different combinations of imaging tags, thus providing the means for multimodality diagnostic methods. These arrangements have been shown to provide significant improvements to the signal-to-noise ratios that may be obtained by molecular imaging techniques, for example, in PET diagnostic imaging with nanomaterials versus the cases when molecular species are involved as radiotracers. We surveyed some of the main discoveries in the simultaneous incorporation of nanoparticulate materials and imaging agents within highly kinetically stable radio-nanomaterials as potential tracers with (pre)clinical potential. Diversity in function and new developments toward synthesis, radiolabeling, and microscopy investigations are explored, and preclinical applications in molecular imaging are highlighted. The emphasis is on the biocompatible materials at the forefront of the main preclinical developments, e.g., nanoceramics and liposome-based constructs, which have driven the evolution of diagnostic radio-nanomedicines over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Calatayud
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department
of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica
y Vidrio, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marina Lledos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Casarsa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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3
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Ahmadi M, Emzhik M, Mosayebnia M. Nanoparticles labeled with gamma-emitting radioisotopes: an attractive approach for in vivo tracking using SPECT imaging. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1546-1583. [PMID: 36811810 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Providing accurate molecular imaging of the body and biological process is critical for diagnosing disease and personalizing treatment with the minimum side effects. Recently, diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals have gained more attention in precise molecular imaging due to their high sensitivity and appropriate tissue penetration depth. The fate of these radiopharmaceuticals throughout the body can be traced using nuclear imaging systems, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) modalities. In this regard, nanoparticles are attractive platforms for delivering radionuclides into targets because they can directly interfere with the cell membranes and subcellular organelles. Moreover, applying radiolabeled nanomaterials can decrease their toxicity concerns because radiopharmaceuticals are usually administrated at low doses. Therefore, incorporating gamma-emitting radionuclides into nanomaterials can provide imaging probes with valuable additional properties compared to the other carriers. Herein, we aim to review (1) the gamma-emitting radionuclides used for labeling different nanomaterials, (2) the approaches and conditions adopted for their radiolabeling, and (3) their application. This study can help researchers to compare different radiolabeling methods in terms of stability and efficiency and choose the best way for each nanosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Emzhik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Junction, Vali-E-Asr Ave, Tehran, 14155-6153, Iran.
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4
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Cortezon-Tamarit F, Song K, Kuganathan N, Arrowsmith RL, Mota Merelo de Aguiar SR, Waghorn PA, Brookfield A, Shanmugam M, Collison D, Ge H, Kociok-Köhn G, Pourzand C, Dilworth JR, Pascu SI. Structural and Functional Diversity in Rigid Thiosemicarbazones with Extended Aromatic Frameworks: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Structural Investigations. ACS Omega 2023; 8:16047-16079. [PMID: 37179648 PMCID: PMC10173449 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing interest in thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) has been largely driven by their potential toward theranostic applications including cellular imaging assays and multimodality imaging. We focus herein on the results of our new investigations into: (a) the structural chemistry of a family of rigid mono(thiosemicarbazone) ligands characterized by extended and aromatic backbones and (b) the formation of their corresponding thiosemicarbazonato Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal complexes. The synthesis of new ligands and their Zn(II) complexes was performed using a rapid, efficient and straightforward microwave-assisted method which superseded their preparation by conventional heating. We describe hereby new microwave irradiation protocols that are suitable for both imine bond formation reactions in the thiosemicabazone ligand synthesis and for Zn(II) metalation reactions. The new thiosemicarbazone ligands, denoted HL, mono(4-R-3-thiosemicarbazone)quinone, and their corresponding Zn(II) complexes, denoted ZnL2, mono(4-R-3-thiosemicarbazone)quinone, where R = H, Me, Ethyl, Allyl, and Phenyl, quinone = acenapthnenequinone (AN), aceanthrenequinone (AA), phenanthrenequinone (PH), and pyrene-4,5-dione (PY) were isolated and fully characterized spectroscopically and by mass spectrometry. A plethora of single crystal X-ray diffraction structures were obtained and analyzed and the geometries were also validated by DFT calculations. The Zn(II) complexes presented either distorted octahedral geometry or tetrahedral arrangements of the O/N/S donors around the metal center. The modification of the thiosemicarbazide moiety at the exocyclic N atoms with a range of organic linkers was also explored, opening the way to bioconjugation protocols for these compounds. The radiolabeling of these thiosemicarbazones with 64Cu was achieved under mild conditions for the first time: this cyclotron-available radioisotope of copper (t1/2 = 12.7 h; β+ 17.8%; β- 38.4%) is well-known for its proficiency in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and for its theranostic potential, on the basis of the preclinical and clinical cancer research of established bis(thiosemicarbazones), such as the hypoxia tracer 64Cu-labeled copper(diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone)], [64Cu]Cu(ATSM). Our labeling reactions proceeded in high radiochemical incorporation (>80% for the most sterically unencumbered ligands) showing promise of these species as building blocks for theranostics and synthetic scaffolds for multimodality imaging probes. The corresponding "cold" Cu(II) metalations were also performed under the mild conditions mimicking the radiolabeling protocols. Interestingly, room temperature or mild heating led to Cu(II) incorporation in the 1:1, as well as 1:2 metal: ligand ratios in the new complexes, as evident from extensive mass spectrometry investigations backed by EPR measurements, and the formation of Cu(L)2-type species prevails, especially for the AN-Ph thiosemicarbazone ligand (L-). The cytotoxicity levels of a selection of ligands and Zn(II) complexes in this class were further tested in commonly used human cancer cell lines (HeLa, human cervical cancer cells, and PC-3, human prostate cancer cells). Tests showed that their IC50 levels are comparable to that of the clinical drug cis-platin, evaluated under similar conditions. The cellular internalizations of the selected ZnL2-type compounds Zn(AN-Allyl)2, Zn(AA-Allyl)2, Zn(PH-Allyl)2, and Zn(PY-Allyl)2 were evaluated in living PC-3 cells using laser confocal fluorescent spectroscopy and these experiments showed exclusively cytoplasmic distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kexin Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Navaratnarajah Kuganathan
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Exhibition
Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Rory L. Arrowsmith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Philip A. Waghorn
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department
of Chemistry, and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Department
of Chemistry, and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David Collison
- Department
of Chemistry, and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Haobo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre of
Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Robin Dilworth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Ioana Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Centre of
Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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5
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Sarpaki S, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Exner RM, Song K, de Aguiar SRM, Ge H, Pourzand C, Paisey SJ, Kociok-Köhn G, Dilworth JR, Carroll L, Pascu SI. Functional, Aromatic, and Fluorinated Monothiosemicarbazones: Investigations into Their Structures and Activity toward the Gallium-68 Incorporation by Microwave Irradiation. ACS Omega 2022; 7:13750-13777. [PMID: 35559172 PMCID: PMC9088960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a new series of coordinating monothiosemicarbazones incorporating aromatic backbones, featuring O/N/S donor centers monosubstituted with different aliphatic, aromatic, fluorinated, and amine-functionalized groups at their N centers. Their ability to bind metal ions such as Zn(II) and Ga(III) was explored, and the formation of two different coordination isomers of the Zn(II) complex was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation. These studies showed the planar geometry for the coordinated mono(thiosemicarbazone) ligand and that the metal center can adopt either a heavily distorted tetrahedral Zn center (placed in an N/S/S/N environment, with CN = 4) or a pseudo-octahedral geometry, where the Zn(II) center is in the O/N/S/S/N/O environment, and CN = 6. Furthermore, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and cellular imaging in living cells were subsequently performed in two different cancer cell lines: PC-3 (a standard cell line derived from a bone metastasis of a stage IV prostate cancer) and EMT6 (a commercial murine mammary carcinoma cell line). The radiolabeling of new functional and aromatic monothiosemicarbazones with either gallium-68 (under pH control) or fluorine-18 is discussed. The potential of this class of compounds to act as synthetic scaffolds for molecular imaging agents of relevance to positron emission tomography was evaluated in vitro, and the cellular uptake of a simultaneously fluorinated and [68Ga]-labeled mono(thiosemicarbazone) was investigated and is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Sarpaki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rüdiger Maria Exner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kexin Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University
of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen James Paisey
- Wales
Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Robin Dilworth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United
Kingdom
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sofia Ioana Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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6
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Gao H, Yang M, Liu X, Dai X, Bao XQ, Xiong D. Hydrothermal synthesized delafossite CuGaO 2 as an electrocatalyst for water oxidation. Front Optoelectron 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 36637561 PMCID: PMC9756248 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from water splitting provides an effective method to alleviate the ever-growing global energy crisis. In this work, delafossite CuGaO2 (CGO) crystal was synthesized through hydrothermal routes with Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and Ga(NO3)3·xH2O used as reactants. The addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was found to play an important role in modifying the morphology of CuGaO2 (CGO-CTAB). With the addition of CTAB, the morphology of CGO-CTAB samples changed from irregular flake to typical hexagonal sheet microstructure, with an average size of 1-2 μm and a thickness of around 100 nm. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic activity of CGO-CTAB crystals for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was also studied and compared with that of CGO crystals. CGO-CTAB samples exhibited better activity than CGO. An overpotential of 391.5 mV was shown to be able to generate a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The as-prepared samples also demonstrate good stability for water oxidation and relatively fast OER kinetics with a Tafel slope of 56.4 mV/dec. This work highlights the significant role of modification of CTAB surfactants in preparing CGO related crystals, and the introduction of CTAB was found to help to improve their electrocatalytic activity for OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianglong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nanofabrication and Microengineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Dehua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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7
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Xie C, Mei L, Liu YG, Mi R, Yu H, Bu X, Chen J, Yang J, Liu D. Simultaneous Spectral Tuning and Thermal Stability Adjustment in Ca 8ZnGa (1-x)La x(PO 4) 7:Eu 2+ Phosphors. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3263-3273. [PMID: 35133813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The modifications of local structure in solid solution are a crucial step to regulate the photoluminescence properties of rare-earth ion-based phosphors. However, the structural diversity of host matrices and the uncertain occupation of activators make it challenging to obtain phosphors with both high stability and tailored emission. Herein, We synthesized a series of β-Ca3(PO4)2-type Ca8ZnGa(1-x)Lax(PO4)7:Eu2+ solid solution phosphors by design. By modifying the Ga/La ratio, controllable regulation of the emission spectrum and thermal stability of the phosphors can be achieved at the same time. The introduction of La3+ can regulate the crystal field splitting strength of the Eu2+ activators, causing redshifts in the emission spectrum while increasing Ga3+ content will lead to enhanced energy transfer between the oxygen vacancy and Eu2+, as well as improved thermal stability. Through local structure modification, the spectrum and thermal stability of phosphors can be facilely tuned. The results indicate that this series of phosphors have versatile potentials in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci'an Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lefu Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Gai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruiyu Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haojun Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoya Bu
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Office of Scientific Research, Peking University, 5th Yiheyuan Rd, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory situ of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
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8
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Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical, chemical and biological properties of interest for medical imaging and therapy. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to translate nanomaterial-based medicinal products (so-called nanomedicines) into clinical practice and, although multiple nanoparticle-based formulations are clinically available, there is still a disparity between the number of pre-clinical products and those that reach clinical approval. To facilitate the efficient clinical translation of nanomedicinal-drugs, it is important to study their whole-body biodistribution and pharmacokinetics from the early stages of their development. Integrating this knowledge with that of their therapeutic profile and/or toxicity should provide a powerful combination to efficiently inform nanomedicine trials and allow early selection of the most promising candidates. In this context, radiolabelling nanomaterials allows whole-body and non-invasive in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, certain radionuclides with specific nuclear emissions can elicit therapeutic effects by themselves, leading to radionuclide-based therapy. To ensure robust information during the development of nanomaterials for PET/SPECT imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, selection of the most appropriate radiolabelling method and knowledge of its limitations are critical. Different radiolabelling strategies are available depending on the type of material, the radionuclide and/or the final application. In this review we describe the different radiolabelling strategies currently available, with a critical vision over their advantages and disadvantages. The final aim is to review the most relevant and up-to-date knowledge available in this field, and support the efficient clinical translation of future nanomedicinal products for in vivo imaging and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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9
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Abstract
Early cancer detection and perfect understanding of the disease are imperative toward efficient treatments. It is straightforward that, for choosing a specific cancer treatment methodology, diagnostic agents undertake a critical role. Imaging is an extremely intriguing tool since it assumes a follow up to treatments to survey the accomplishment of the treatment and to recognize any conceivable repeating injuries. It also permits analysis of the disease, as well as to pursue treatment and monitor the possible changes that happen on the tumor. Likewise, it allows screening the adequacy of treatment and visualizing the state of the tumor. Additionally, when the treatment is finished, observing the patient is imperative to evaluate the treatment methodology and adjust the treatment if necessary. The goal of this review is to present an overview of conjugated photosensitizers for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C S Simões
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.,BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Sarpaki
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - George Loudos
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
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