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Gebbia JF, Aristizabal AH, Negrier P, Aguilà D, Tamarit JL, Pardo LC. Dynamics and local ordering of pentachloronitrobenzene: a molecular-dynamics investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30553-30562. [PMID: 37929713 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastic phases are constituted by molecules whose centers of mass form a long range ordered crystalline lattice, but rotate in a more or less constrained way. Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is a quasi-planar hexa-substituted benzene formed by a benzene ring decorated with a -NO2 group and five chlorine atoms that displays below the melting point a layered structure of rhombohedral (R3̄) planes in which the molecules can rotate around a six-fold-like axis. Dielectric spectroscopy [Romanini et al., The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016, 120, 10614] of this highly anisotropic phase revealed a complex relaxation dynamics with two coupled primary α processes, initially ascribed to the in-plane and out-of-plane components of the molecular dipole. In this work, we perform a series of molecular dynamics simulations together with single crystal X-ray synchrotron diffraction experiments to investigate the puzzling dynamics of PCNB. We conclude that the molecule undergoes very fast movements due to the high flexibility of the -NO2 group, and two slower movements in which only the in-plane rotation of the whole ring is involved. These two movements are related to fast attempts to perform a 60° in-plane rotation, and a diffusive motion that involves the rotation of the molecule completely decorrelating the dipole orientation. We have also investigated whether a homogeneous or a heterogeneous scenario is better suited to describe the restricted orientational disorder of this anisotropic phase both from a structural and dynamical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Gebbia
- Grup de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Philippe Negrier
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière dAquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - David Aguilà
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Pardo
- Grup de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kolmangadi MA, Szymoniak P, Zorn R, Böhning M, Wolf M, Zamponi M, Schönhals A. Molecular mobility in high‐performance polynorbornenes: A combined broadband dielectric, advanced calorimetry, and neutron scattering investigation*. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | - Reiner Zorn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS‐1) and Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI‐8) Jülich Germany
| | - Martin Böhning
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | - Marcell Wolf
- Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Technische Universität München Garching Germany
| | - Michaela Zamponi
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
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Yildirim A, Krause C, Huber P, Schönhals A. Multiple glassy dynamics of a homologous series of triphenylene-based columnar liquid crystals – A study by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and advanced calorimetry. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Benedetto A, Kearley GJ. Experimental demonstration of the novel "van-Hove integral method (vHI)" for measuring diffusive dynamics by elastic neutron scattering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14093. [PMID: 34238981 PMCID: PMC8266890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS)-based on the seminal work of Nobel Laureate Brockhouse-has been one of the major methods for studying pico-second to nano-second diffusive dynamics over the past 70 years. This is regarded as an "inelastic" method for dynamics. In contrast, we recently proposed a new neutron-scattering method for dynamics, which uses the elastic line of the scattering to access system dynamics directly in the time domain (Benedetto and Kearley in Sci Rep 9:11284, 2019). This new method has been denoted "vHI" that stands for "van Hove Integral". The reason is that, under certain conditions, the measured elastic intensity corresponds to the running-time integral of the intermediate scattering function, [Formula: see text], up to a time that is inversely proportional to the energy band-width incident on the sample. As a result, [Formula: see text] is accessed from the time derivative of the measured vHI profile. vHI has been supported by numerical and Monte-Carlo simulations, but has been difficult to validate experimentally due to the lack of a suitable instrument. Here we show that vHI works in practice, which we achieved by using a simple modification to the standard QENS backscattering spectrometer methodology. Basically, we varied the neutron-energy band-widths incident at the sample via a step-wise variation of the frequency of the monochromator Doppler-drive. This provides a measurement of the vHI profile at the detectors. The same instrument and sample were also used in standard QENS mode for comparison. The intermediate scattering functions, [Formula: see text], obtained by the two methods-vHI and QENS-are strikingly similar providing a direct experimental validation of the vHI method. Perhaps surprisingly, the counting statistics of the two methods are comparable even though the instrument used was expressly designed for QENS. This shows that the methodology modification adopted here can be used in practice to access vHI profiles at many of the backscattering spectrometers worldwide. We also show that partial integrations of the measured QENS spectrum cannot provide the vHI profile, which clarifies a common misconception. At the same time, we show a novel approach which does access [Formula: see text] from QENS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benedetto
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. .,Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Gordon J Kearley
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Klonos PA, Papadopoulos L, Kasimatis M, Iatrou H, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis, Crystallization, Structure Memory Effects, and Molecular Dynamics of Biobased and Renewable Poly( n-alkylene succinate)s with n from 2 to 10. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-541 24, Greece
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-541 24, Greece
| | - Maria Kasimatis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Hermis Iatrou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-541 24, Greece
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Electrical Conductivity and Multiple Glassy Dynamics of Crown Ether-Based Columnar Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8728-8739. [PMID: 32902985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phase behavior of two unsymmetrical triphenylene crown ether-based columnar liquid crystals bearing different lengths of alkyl chains, KAL465 and KAL468, was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A plastic crystalline (Cry), a columnar liquid crystalline (Colh), and an isotropic phase were observed along with two glass transitions in the Cry phase. The molecular mobility of the KAL compounds was further studied by a combination of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and advanced calorimetric techniques. By the BDS investigations, three dielectric active relaxation processes were observed for both samples. At low temperatures, a γ-process in the Cry state was detected and is assigned to the localized fluctuations taking place in the alkyl chains. An α2-process takes place at higher temperatures in the Cry phase. An α3-process was found in the Colh mesophase. The advanced calorimetric techniques consist of fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) and specific heat spectroscopy employing temperature-modulated DSC and FSC. The advanced calorimetric investigations revealed that besides the α2-process in agreement with BDS, there is a second dynamic glass transition (α1-process), which is not observed by dielectric spectroscopy. The results are in good agreement with the glass transitions detected by DSC for this process. The temperature dependences of the relaxation rates of the α1-, α2-, and α3-processes are all different. Therefore, different molecular assignments for the relaxation processes are proposed. In addition to the relaxation processes, a conductivity contribution was explored by BDS for both KAL compounds. The conductivity contribution appears in both Cry and Colh phases, where the conductivity increases by ca. 1 order of magnitude at phase transition from the Cry to the hexagonal phase.
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