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Joshi H, Paul D, Sathyamoorthi S. Oxidations of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Diols Using NaBr and Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11240-11252. [PMID: 37490704 PMCID: PMC10804234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
We present protocols for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes and for the oxidative cyclization of diols which use a combination of Selectfluor and NaBr. For most substrates, the optimal solvent system is a 1:1 mixture of CH3CN/H2O, but, in select cases, biphasic 1:1 mixtures of EtOAc/H2O or CH2Cl2/H2O are superior. This procedure is operationally simple, uses inexpensive and readily available reagents, and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Mechanistic studies suggest that the active oxidant is hypobromous acid, generated by the almost instantaneous oxidation of Br- by Selectfluor in an aqueous milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Debobrata Paul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Chen ME, Gan ZY, Hu YH, Zhang FM. Tandem Oxidative Ritter Reaction/Hydration/Aldol Condensation of α-Arylketones with Propiolonitriles for the Construction of 3-Acyl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3954-3964. [PMID: 36881939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel tandem oxidative Ritter reaction/hydration/aldol condensation of α-arylketones with substituted propiolonitriles has been developed. This protocol conveniently affords a wide range of functionalized 3-acyl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones through the efficient construction of four chemical bonds, a C-N bond, a C═C bond, and two C═O bonds, and the formation of one ring bearing an aza-quaternary center, which is ascribed to the strategical introduction of functionalized nitriles to this transformation. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on some control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhang-Yan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Chen ME, Chen XW, Hu YH, Ye R, Lv JW, Li B, Zhang FM. Recent advances of Ritter reaction and its synthetic applications. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00496d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive survey of Ritter reactions from 2014 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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Sathyamoorthi S, Lai YH, Bain RM, Zare RN. Mechanistic Analysis of the C–H Amination Reaction of Menthol by CuBr2 and Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5681-5687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yin-Hung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ryan M. Bain
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Mou XQ, Chen XY, Chen G, He G. Radical-mediated intramolecular β-C(sp3)–H amidation of alkylimidates: facile synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:515-518. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new radical-mediated intramolecular β-C(sp3)–H amidation reaction of O-alkyl trichloro- or arylimidates is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Mou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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Naredla RR, Klumpp DA. Contemporary Carbocation Chemistry: Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6905-48. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Reddy Naredla
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
| | - Douglas A. Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
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Michaudel Q, Thevenet D, Baran PS. Intermolecular Ritter-type C-H amination of unactivated sp3 carbons. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2547-50. [PMID: 22276612 PMCID: PMC3277284 DOI: 10.1021/ja212020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular Ritter-type C-H amination of unactivated sp(3) carbons has been developed. This new reaction proceeds under mild conditions using readily available reagents and an inexpensive source of nitrogen (acetonitrile). A broad scope of substrates can be aminated with this method since many functional groups are tolerated. This reaction also allows for the direct, innate C-H amination of a variety of hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane without the need of prefunctionalization or installation of a directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Ball LT, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Gold-catalysed oxyarylation of styrenes and mono- and gem-disubstituted olefins facilitated by an iodine(III) oxidant. Chemistry 2012; 18:2931-7. [PMID: 22298471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
1-Hydroxy-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (IBA) is an efficient terminal oxidant for gold-catalysed, three-component oxyarylation reactions. The use of this iodine(III) reagent expands the scope of oxyarylation to include styrenes and gem-disubstituted olefins, substrates that are incompatible with the previously reported Selectfluor-based methodology. Diverse arylsilane coupling partners can be employed, and in benzotrifluoride, homocoupling is substantially reduced. In addition, the IBA-derived co-products can be recovered and recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS UK
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Furin GG, Fainzil'berg AA. N-Fluoro amines and their analogues as fluorinating reagents in organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n08abeh000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nyffeler PT, Durón SG, Burkart MD, Vincent SP, Wong CH. Selectfluor: Mechanismen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nyffeler PT, Durón SG, Burkart MD, Vincent SP, Wong CH. Selectfluor: Mechanistic Insight and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 44:192-212. [PMID: 15578736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of hydrogen atoms with fluorine substituents in organic substrates is of great interest in synthetic chemistry because of the strong electronegativity of fluorine and relatively small steric footprint of fluorine atoms. Many sources of nucleophilic fluorine are available for the derivatization of organic molecules under acidic, basic, and neutral conditions. However, electrophilic fluorination has historically required molecular fluorine, whose notorious toxicity and explosive tendencies limit its application in research. The necessity for an electrophilic fluorination reagent that is safe, stable, highly reactive, and amenable to industrial production as an alternative to very hazardous molecular fluorine was the inspiration for the discovery of selectfluor. This reagent is not only one of the most reactive electrophilic fluorinating reagents available, but it is also safe, nontoxic, and easy to handle. In this Review we document the many applications of selectfluor and discuss possible mechanistic pathways for its reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Nyffeler
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC 357, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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