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Tungkijanansin N, Nolvachai Y, Varanusupakul P, Hinchiranan N, Kulsing C, Marriott PJ. Development and Application of a Novel Multiloop Splitter-Based Non-cryogenic Artificial Trapping Modulation System in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37290005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multiloop splitter-based non-cryogenic artificial trapping (M-SNAT) modulation technique was established, which applied the first (1D) nonpolar and the second (2D) polar columns, deactivated fused silica (DFS) columns, a microfluidic Deans switch (DS), and splitters located between the 1D column outlet and the DS. The splitters were connected into multiple loops with a progressively doubled perimeter of the next loop. This enabled a duplex splitting mechanism within each loop consisting of splitting of analyte pulses, the pulse delay, and their combination which led to equally split peaks of the same analytes with the number of split peaks (nsplit) equal to 2m (m = number of loops). This system resulted in local profiles of artificially split-and-trapped analytes prior to their selective transfers onto the 2D column by means of periodic multiple heart-cuts (H/C). The developed SNAT approach can be successful, providing that the ratio of modulation period to sampling time (PM/tsamp) is equal to nsplit. The approach with nsplit = 16 was further developed into a single device platform and applied for the modulation of a wide range of compounds in waste tire pyrolysis samples with the RSD of ≤0.01 and <10% for the one-dimensional modulated peak times and peak areas, respectively (n = 50). The method enabled an artificial modulation mechanism without cryogen consumption and enhanced the 2D peak capacity (2nc) and 2D separation by use of a longer 2D column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttanee Tungkijanansin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Napida Hinchiranan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR) in Flavor Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Philip J Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia
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Mao H, Jiang M. Modeling of the first dimensional peak with two modulated sub-peaks in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2425-2434. [PMID: 35915249 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to previous published works, precise modeling of the first dimensional (1D) peak in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) requires at least 3 modulated sub-peaks (MSP). This requirement is sometimes difficult to meet, e.g., in case of undersampling modulation. In the present work, the feasibility of modeling of the 1D peak with only 2 MSP was demonstrated. The effects of modulation phase (ϕ), modulation period (PM), the peak width (1σ), and the peak shape of the original 1D peak on the accuracy of the proposed method were explored. When employing PM ranging from 6 s ~ 3 s to modulate original peaks with 1σ = 1.2 s ~ 0.6 s, the maximal error of the modeled 1tR is 1.08 s, which is far less than the error generated by employing the largest MSP to estimate the 1tR. The deviation of modeled 1tR increases with the increase of peak shape distortion, and this deviation is ≤ 0.67 s when tailing factor (Tf) in the range of 0.8 to 1.5. The application of the proposed method was demonstrated by assisting identification of a monoterpene in Myrrh sample. The proposed approach could improve the accuracy in calculation of 1tR or 1I and enhance the reliability of compound identification in GC × GC analysis with undersampling modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mao
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan Business University, #816 Dongfeng Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Kakanopas P, Janta P, Vimolmangkang S, Hermatasia F, Kulsing C. Retention Index Based Approach for Simulation of Results and Application for Validation of Compound Identification in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Chen L, Darriet P. Strategies for the identification and sensory evaluation of volatile constituents in wine. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4549-4583. [PMID: 34370385 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wine aroma, which stems from complex perceptual and cognitive processes, is initially driven by a multitude of naturally occurring volatile constituents. Its interpretation depends on the characterization of relevant volatile constituents. With large numbers of volatile constituents already identified, the search for unknown volatiles in wine has become increasingly challenging. However, the opportunities to discover unknown volatile compounds contributing to the wine volatilome are still of great interest, as demonstrated by the recent identification of highly odorous trace (µg/L) to ultra-trace (ng/L) volatile compounds in wine. This review provides an overview of both existing strategies and future directions on identifying unknown volatile constituents in wine. Chemical identification, including sample extraction, fractionation, gas chromatography, olfactometry, and mass spectrometry, is comprehensively covered. In addition, this review also focuses on aspects related to sensory-guided wine selection, authentic reference standards, artifacts and interferences, and the evaluation of the sensory significance of discovered wine volatiles. Powerful key volatile odorants present at ultra-trace levels, for which these analytical approaches have been successfully applied, are discussed. Research areas where novel wine volatiles are likely to be identified are pointed out. The importance of perceptual interaction phenomena is emphasized. Finally, future avenues for the exploration of yet unknown wine volatiles by coupling analytical approaches and sensory evaluation are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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