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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 PMCID: PMC12056945 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringYamaguchi University2-16-1 TokiwadaiUbeYamaguchi755-8611Japan
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2
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Das S. Visible-Light-Induced Dearomative Annulation of Indoles toward Stereoselective Formation of Fused- and Spiro Indolines. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36023-36042. [PMID: 39220487 PMCID: PMC11360027 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization approaches are attractive for their abilities to transform simple, planar arenes into complex, three-dimensional architectures. In particular, visible-light driven dearomatization strategies are significant because of their mild, green, and sustainable nature, enabling the fabrication of new chemical bonds via an electron transfer or energy transfer process. Indole compounds, being potentially bioactive and readily accessible, can be employed efficiently as building blocks for constructing diverse annulated frameworks under photocatalysis. Highly stereoselective radical cascade reactions of appropriate indole systems can provide complex cyclic scaffolds bearing multiple stereocenters. In fact, the past few years have witnessed the renaissance of dearomative cycloadditions of indoles via visible-light-induced photocatalysis. The present review highlights recent advances (2019-mid 2024) in visible-light-driven dearomative annulation of indoles leading to formation of polycyclic indolines, including angularly fused and spiro indolines. Most of the reactions described in this review are simple, providing quick access to the desired products. Additionally, characteristic reaction mechanisms are offered to provide an understand of how indole scaffolds show distinctive reactivity under photocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suven Das
- Department of Chemistry, Rishi Bankim Chandra College for Women, Naihati, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743165, India
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3
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Ji P, Duan K, Li M, Wang Z, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang W. Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6600-6624. [PMID: 38817197 PMCID: PMC11181993 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field has evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance of photocatalysis and expansion of the activation mode, the last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical dearomatization methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications of dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient and useful tools for facile construction of highly complex structures, which are viable for natural product synthesis and drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based on the degree of skeletal alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization and skeletal editing, and to highlight their synthetic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Menglong Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
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4
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Visible Light Induced C-H/N-H and C-X Bonds Reactions. REACTIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report efficient visible light-induced photoredox reactions of C–H/N–H and C–X Bonds. These methods have provided access to varied portfolio of synthetically important γ-ketoesters, azaspirocyclic cyclohexadienones spirocyclohexadienones, multisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives, substituted N,2-diarylacetamide, 2-arylpyridines and 2-arylquinolines in good yields and under mild conditions. Moreover, we have successfully discussed the construction through visible light-induction by an intermolecular radical addition, dearomative cyclization, aryl migration and desulfonylation. Similarly, we also spotlight the visible light-catalyzed aerobic C–N bond activation from well-known building blocks through cyclization, elimination and aromatization. The potential use of a wide portfolio of simple ketones and available primary amines has made this transformation very attractive.
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5
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Chen S, Pillitteri S, Fron E, Van Meervelt L, Van der Eycken EV, Sharma UK. Visible-Light-Induced Cascade Difunctionalization of Indoles Enabled by the Synergy of Photoredox and Photoexcited Ketones: Direct Access to Alkylated Pyrrolophenanthridones. Org Lett 2022; 24:9386-9391. [PMID: 36525615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a methodology to construct polycyclic pyrrolophenanthridones with an (amino)alkyl side chain that involves visible-light-induced decarboxylative radical addition for the intermolecular dearomatization of indoles and subsequent photoinduced C(sp2)-X bond activation via photoexcited ketones for an intramolecular cyclization cascade. Carboxylic acids serve both as a radical source toward indole dearomatization and as reductants to initiate an electron transfer with photoexcited N-acylindole derivatives in the reaction toward pyrrolophenantridone skeletons, which occurs under mild reaction conditions with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Core Facility for Advanced Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, RU-117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhou C, Shatskiy A, Temerdashev AZ, Kärkäs MD, Dinér P. Highly congested spiro-compounds via photoredox-mediated dearomative annulation cascade. Commun Chem 2022; 5:92. [PMID: 36697909 PMCID: PMC9814605 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-mediated radical dearomatization involving 5-exo-trig cyclizations has proven to be an important route to accessing spirocyclic compounds, whereas 6-exo-trig spirocyclization has been much less explored. In this work, a dearomative annulation cascade is realized through photoredox-mediated C-O bond activation of aromatic carboxylic acids to produce two kinds of spirocyclic frameworks. Mechanistically, the acyl radical is formed through oxidation of triphenylphosphine and subsequent C-O bond cleavage, followed by a 6-exo-trig cyclization/SET/protonation sequence to generate the spiro-chromanone products in an intramolecular manner. Furthermore, the protocol was extended to more challenging intermolecular tandem sequences consisting of C-O bond cleavage, radical addition to an alkene substrate, and 5-exo-trig cyclization to yield complex spirocyclic lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azamat Z Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, Stavropolskaya St. 149, 350040, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Dinér
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Zhao Y, Li S, Fan Y, Wang H, Kang X, Ji Z, Tian L. Synthesis of Polycyclic 3,3′-Biindoles via AgOTf-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition and Cycloisomerization. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6418-6425. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuhang Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhongyin Ji
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Laijin Tian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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8
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Cheng YZ, Feng Z, Zhang X, You SL. Visible-light induced dearomatization reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2145-2170. [PMID: 35212320 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions provide rapid access to structurally complex three-dimensional molecules from simple aromatic compounds. Plenty of reports have demonstrated their utilities in the synthesis of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and materials science in the last decades. Recently, visible-light mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to promote many kinds of transformations. The dearomatization reactions induced by visible-light have also made significant progress during the past several years. This review provides an overview of visible-light induced dearomatization reactions classified based on the manner in which aromaticity is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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9
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Liang Y, Wang S, Jia H, Chen B, Zhu F, Huo Z. Trifluoromethylthiolative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones without leaving groups on the para-position of dearomatized aryl rings. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A direct and efficient strategy for the oxidative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones has been developed, where nonsubstituted groups were on the para-position of the dearomatized aryl rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Liang
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, P. R. China
| | - Sijin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Chen
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyang Huo
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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10
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Li JN, Li ZJ, Shen LY, Li P, Zhang Y, Yang WC. Selective polychloromethylation and halogenation of alkynes with polyhaloalkanes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6659-6666. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We disclosed a selective polychloromethylation and halogenation reaction of alkynes via a radical addition/spirocyclization cascade sequence, in which applying polyhaloalkanes as the precursor of polyhalomethyl and halogen radical. Across this...
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11
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Zhang M, Shen L, Dong S, Li B, Meng F, Si W, Yang W. DTBP‐Mediated Cascade Spirocyclization and Dearomatization of Biaryl Ynones: Facile Access to Spiro[5.5]trienones through C(sp
3
)−H Bond Functionalization. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ming Zhang
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Liu‐Yu Shen
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Sa Dong
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Fei Meng
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Jie Si
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Chao Yang
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
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12
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Yuan Y, Zhang S, Dong W, Wu F, Xie X, Zhang Z. Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Cascade Cyclization of
o‐
Diisocyanoarenes: Synthesis of Diethyl Benzo[
a
]phenazine‐6,6(5
H
)‐Dicarboxylate. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Si‐Yuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Wu‐Heng Dong
- Medicine Center Guangxi University of Science and Technology Guangxi Liuzhou 545006 People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources Guangxi Liuzhou 545006 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Min Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao‐Guo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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13
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ZrCl4-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of 2-hydroxy-pyrimidines: A concise synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones containing a phosphonic ester group. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Huang Y, Li J, Li S, Ma J. Cobalt-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dearomatization of 2-Aryl Indoles and in situ [3+2] Annulation with Enamides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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